commit 2ac6c81dfe5e617147d38f63b3f3e8ba84cbf4a5
Author: Sunil Thakare <sunil@thakares.com>
Date:   Sun Aug 16 16:26:24 2026 +0530

    cli: avoid data-dir initialization for version; create db parent dirs; redact generated passwords in CLI output
    
    - Prevent 'nx9-wg version' from creating data directories by avoiding database initialization.
    - Create parent directories when an explicit --database path is provided.
    - Redact printed generated administrator passwords; announce file path or redact instead.
    
    Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8858b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# ==============================================================================
+# NX9 WireGuard - Environment Variables Example (.env.example)
+#
+# All environment variables for nx9-wg MUST use the NX9_WG_ namespace prefix.
+# ==============================================================================
+
+# Path to the TOML configuration file
+NX9_WG_CONFIG=/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml
+
+# Directory where persistent SQLite database and state files are located
+NX9_WG_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/nx9-wg
+
+# Specific database path or sqlite connection URL
+NX9_WG_DATABASE=/var/lib/nx9-wg/nx9-wg.db
+
+# Directory where database backup archives and manifests are saved
+NX9_WG_BACKUP_DIR=/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups
+
+# Maximum number of automated backups to retain
+NX9_WG_BACKUP_MAX_COUNT=10
+
+# Optional cron schedule for automated backups (e.g. 02:00 daily: "0 2 * * *")
+# NX9_WG_BACKUP_SCHEDULE="0 2 * * *"
+
+# Host and port for the Axum REST API and WebSocket daemon
+NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR=0.0.0.0:8080
+
+# Logging verbosity level (trace, debug, info, warn, error)
+NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL=info
+
+# Inactivity expiration in hours for web administrator sessions
+NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT=24
+
+# Interval in seconds between background kernel reconciliation cycles
+NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL=30
+
+# Initial administrator bootstrap username (default: admin)
+NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME=admin
+
+# Initial administrator bootstrap password (secret: used once at init only)
+# NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD=ReplaceWithStrongPassword123!
+
+# Path to file containing administrator bootstrap password (Docker secret / vault)
+# NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE=/run/secrets/nx9_wg_admin_password
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30cf57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Ignored default folder with query files
+/queries/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e94c81a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/nx9-wg.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/nx9-wg.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/nx9-wg.iml b/.idea/nx9-wg.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3798ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/nx9-wg.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="EMPTY_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-api/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-core/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-core/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-db/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-network/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-network/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wireguard/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/crates/nx9-wireguard/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/tests" isTestSource="true" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/target" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35eb1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5168103
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+[[package]]
+name = "zune-jpeg"
+version = "0.5.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "27bc9d5b815bc103f142aa054f561d9187d191692ec7c2d1e2b4737f8dbd7296"
+dependencies = [
+ "zune-core",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28363dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+[workspace]
+members = [
+    "crates/nx9-wg-core",
+    "crates/nx9-wg-db",
+    "crates/nx9-wireguard",
+    "crates/nx9-wg-network",
+    "crates/nx9-wg-api",
+    "crates/nx9-wg-ui",
+]
+
+[workspace.package]
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+# Internal crates
+nx9-wg-core = { path = "crates/nx9-wg-core" }
+nx9-wg-db = { path = "crates/nx9-wg-db" }
+nx9-wireguard = { path = "crates/nx9-wireguard" }
+nx9-wg-network = { path = "crates/nx9-wg-network" }
+nx9-wg-api = { path = "crates/nx9-wg-api" }
+nx9-wg-ui = { path = "crates/nx9-wg-ui" }
+
+# Serialization
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+toml = "0.8"
+
+# Async runtime
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+
+# Date/time
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
+
+# Identifiers
+uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4", "serde"] }
+
+# Errors
+thiserror = "2"
+
+# Observability
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json"] }
+
+# Crypto
+argon2 = "0.5"
+x25519-dalek = { version = "2", features = ["static_secrets"] }
+rand = "0.8"
+base64 = "0.22"
+sha2 = "0.10"
+
+# Network types
+ipnet = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
+
+# CLI
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive", "env", "string"] }
+
+# HTTP
+axum = { version = "0.8", features = ["ws", "macros"] }
+tower = "0.5"
+tower-http = { version = "0.7", features = ["trace", "cors", "compression-gzip", "timeout", "fs"] }
+
+# Database
+sqlx = { version = "0.8", features = ["runtime-tokio", "sqlite", "macros", "migrate", "chrono", "uuid"] }
+
+# QR
+qrcode = "0.14"
+image = "0.25"
+
+# Dev
+tempfile = "3"
+
+# ── Root binary crate ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+description = "Native Rust WireGuard management application for the NX9 ecosystem"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "nx9-wg"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+nx9-wg-core.workspace = true
+nx9-wg-db.workspace = true
+nx9-wg-api.workspace = true
+nx9-wireguard.workspace = true
+nx9-wg-network.workspace = true
+tokio.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber.workspace = true
+clap.workspace = true
+axum.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
+base64.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0a4150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# ==============================================================================
+# NX9 WireGuard - Multi-Stage Container Image
+# ==============================================================================
+
+# ── Stage 1: Build binary in Rust environment ────────────────────────────────
+FROM rust:1.97-bookworm AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /usr/src/nx9-wg
+
+# Copy manifests and source tree
+COPY Cargo.toml Cargo.lock ./
+COPY crates ./crates
+COPY src ./src
+
+# Build release binary with optimization
+RUN cargo build --release --bin nx9-wg
+
+# ── Stage 2: Minimal runtime image ──────────────────────────────────────────
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+
+# Install only essential runtime dependencies (ca-certificates for HTTPS/TLS)
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy compiled binary from builder
+COPY --from=builder /usr/src/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg /usr/local/bin/nx9-wg
+
+# Create state and configuration directories
+RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/nx9-wg /etc/nx9-wg /var/lib/nx9-wg/backups
+
+# Expose API/WebSocket port and default WireGuard UDP listen port
+EXPOSE 8080 51820/udp
+
+# Environment defaults
+ENV NX9_WG_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/nx9-wg
+ENV NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL=info
+
+# Healthcheck against Axum public health endpoint
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
+    CMD ["/usr/local/bin/nx9-wg", "system", "health"] || exit 1
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/nx9-wg"]
+CMD ["serve", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8080"]
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd00c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# NX9 WireGuard (`nx9-wg`)
+
+> **A native Rust, self-hosted WireGuard appliance and network management engine for the NX9 ecosystem.**
+
+`nx9-wg` is designed from first principles as a clean, high-performance replacement for Node.js-based WireGuard managers (such as `wg-easy`). Built entirely in native Rust with zero external scripting runtime dependencies, `nx9-wg` provides authoritative SQLite persistence, robust administrative authentication, native Linux kernel networking, automated reconciliation, and pure Rust QR code and client configuration generation.
+
+---
+
+## Key Features
+
+- **Native Rust Systems Architecture**: Zero Node.js, npm, Python, Electron, or external daemon runners.
+- **Authoritative SQLite State**: Fully migration-driven schema with WAL mode, foreign key integrity, and isolated repository operations.
+- **Single Administrator Security Model**: Strictly 1 administrator identity (`CHECK (id = 1)`), Argon2id password hashing, SHA-256 API token authentication, and sliding-window brute force lockout.
+- **Native Linux WireGuard Engine**: Direct interaction with Linux networking and kernel interfaces without shelling out to `wg` or `wg-quick`.
+- **nftables Isolation**: Dedicated `table inet nx9_wg` with input, forward, and NAT postrouting masquerade chains.
+- **Continuous Reconciliation**: Automated drift detection and idempotent convergence between desired database state and live Linux kernel state.
+- **Pure Rust Client Enrollment**: Full-tunnel and split-tunnel `.conf` builder, high-resolution SVG/PNG QR generator, and ASCII terminal QR output.
+- **Consistent Backups**: Atomic SQLite snapshots (`VACUUM INTO`), manifest hashing with SHA-256, verification, and safety snapshots before restore.
+- **Complete CLI & Axum REST API**: Multi-format CLI (`table`, `json`, `yaml`, `csv`) and RESTful API with real-time WebSocket telemetry.
+
+---
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### 1. Build and Run Tests
+```bash
+# Build the workspace
+cargo build --release
+
+# Run all 41 unit and integration tests
+cargo test --workspace
+```
+
+### 2. Initialize the Administrator
+```bash
+# Initialize with a generated password:
+cargo run -- init --generate-password
+
+# Or initialize with a specific password:
+cargo run -- init --username admin --password "YourStrongPassword123!"
+```
+
+### 3. Start the Daemon
+```bash
+cargo run -- serve --bind 0.0.0.0:8080
+```
+
+### 4. Create an Interface and Enroll a Peer via CLI
+```bash
+# Create WireGuard interface wg0
+cargo run -- interface create --name wg0 --port 51820 --address-v4 10.0.0.1/24
+
+# Create peer Alice
+cargo run -- peer create --interface-id <INTERFACE_UUID> --name alice --address-v4 10.0.0.2/32
+
+# Display terminal QR code for instant mobile scan:
+cargo run -- peer qr <PEER_UUID>
+
+# Print client .conf file:
+cargo run -- peer config <PEER_UUID>
+```
+
+---
+
+## Architecture Overview
+
+```
+ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+ │                      nx9-wg CLI                        │
+ └───────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┘
+                             │
+ ┌───────────────────────────▼────────────────────────────┐
+ │               Axum REST API & WebSockets               │
+ └───────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬────────┘
+         │                   │                   │
+ ┌───────▼───────┐   ┌───────▼───────┐   ┌───────▼───────┐
+ │    nx9-db     │   │ nx9-wireguard │   │  nx9-network  │
+ │ (SQLite+WAL)  │   │  (Kernel WG)  │   │(Routes+nftables)│
+ └───────┬───────┘   └───────┬───────┘   └───────┬───────┘
+         │                   │                   │
+         └───────────────────┼───────────────────┘
+                             │
+             ┌───────────────▼───────────────┐
+             │     Reconciliation Engine     │
+             │   (Desired vs Live Kernel)    │
+             └───────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+For complete architectural details, see [Architecture Documentation](docs/architecture.md).
+
+---
+
+## Documentation Index
+
+- [Architecture & Crate Design](docs/architecture.md)
+- [Installation & Systemd Setup](docs/installation.md)
+- [Configuration Reference](docs/configuration.md)
+- [CLI Command Guide](docs/cli.md)
+- [REST API & WebSocket Reference](docs/api.md)
+- [Security Model & Auditing](docs/security.md)
+- [Docker & Container Deployment](docs/docker.md)
+- [Backup & Restore Procedures](docs/backup_restore.md)
+- [Development & Testing Guide](docs/development.md)
+- [Linux Kernel Requirements](docs/linux_requirements.md)
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+Copyright (c) NX9 Systems. All rights reserved.
diff --git a/config.example.toml b/config.example.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60086a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.example.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# ==============================================================================
+# NX9 WireGuard - Configuration File Example
+# ==============================================================================
+
+# Directory where persistent database and state files are stored
+data_dir = "/var/lib/nx9-wg"
+
+# Bind address and port for the Axum REST API and WebSocket daemon
+bind_address = "127.0.0.1:8080"
+
+# Application log level (trace, debug, info, warn, error)
+log_level = "info"
+
+# Inactivity expiration for administrator web sessions in hours
+session_expiry_hours = 24
+
+# Interval in seconds between background kernel reconciliation cycles
+reconciliation_interval_secs = 60
+
+# ── Backup Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+[backup]
+# Directory where backup snapshots and manifests are generated
+dir = "/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups"
+
+# Maximum number of automated backup snapshots to retain
+max_count = 10
+
+# Optional cron schedule for automated database backups (e.g. "0 2 * * *" for 02:00 UTC)
+# schedule = "0 2 * * *"
+
+# ── Initial Bootstrap Configuration (Optional) ──────────────────────────────
+# Used only during initial startup when no administrator exists in the database.
+# Ignored once the single administrator identity is provisioned in SQLite.
+# [bootstrap]
+# admin_username = "admin"
+# admin_password = "ChangeMeToASecurePassword123!"
+
+# ── Static Admin Definition (Optional Override) ───────────────────────────────
+# [admin]
+# username = "admin"
+# password_hash = "$argon2id$v=19$m=19456,t=2,p=1$..."
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/Cargo.toml b/crates/nx9-wg-api/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60e9bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wg-api"
+description = "Axum REST API, application services, and WebSocket server for nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+nx9-wg-core.workspace = true
+nx9-wg-db.workspace = true
+nx9-wireguard.workspace = true
+nx9-wg-network.workspace = true
+nx9-wg-ui.workspace = true
+axum.workspace = true
+tower.workspace = true
+tower-http.workspace = true
+tokio.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+ipnet.workspace = true
+sha2.workspace = true
+futures-util = "0.3"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/allocator.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/allocator.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2766bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/allocator.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+//! Deterministic, collision-free automatic IP address allocation service.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface;
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_ip_in_network;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv6Addr};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Details of an allocated IP address within a network.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct NetworkAllocation {
+    pub ip_address: String,
+    pub peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub peer_name: Option<String>,
+    pub peer_state: Option<String>,
+    pub allocated_at: String,
+}
+
+/// Core IP address allocator service.
+pub struct IpAllocator;
+
+impl IpAllocator {
+    /// Deterministically allocate the next available IP in a network CIDR.
+    /// Excludes:
+    /// - Network address
+    /// - Broadcast address (for IPv4)
+    /// - Interface address
+    /// - Existing peer allocations (active, disabled, expired)
+    pub async fn allocate_next_ip(
+        store: &Store,
+        network: &Network,
+        interface: Option<&Interface>,
+        preferred_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<IpNet> {
+        let net = network.cidr;
+
+        // If preferred IP is supplied, validate and ensure no collision
+        if let Some(pref) = preferred_ip {
+            validate_ip_in_network(pref, net).map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+
+            let exclusions = Self::get_exclusions(store, network, interface).await?;
+            if exclusions.contains(&pref) {
+                return Err(ApiError::Conflict(format!(
+                    "Requested IP '{pref}' is already allocated or reserved in network '{}'",
+                    network.name
+                )));
+            }
+
+            let cidr_suffix = match net {
+                IpNet::V4(_) => 32,
+                IpNet::V6(_) => 128,
+            };
+            return IpNet::new(pref, cidr_suffix).map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        let exclusions = Self::get_exclusions(store, network, interface).await?;
+
+        match net {
+            IpNet::V4(v4_net) => {
+                for host in v4_net.hosts() {
+                    let ip = IpAddr::V4(host);
+                    if !exclusions.contains(&ip) {
+                        return Ok(IpNet::V4(
+                            ipnet::Ipv4Net::new(host, 32)
+                                .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(ApiError::Conflict(format!(
+                    "IPv4 network '{}' ({}) is completely exhausted",
+                    network.name, network.cidr
+                )))
+            }
+            IpNet::V6(v6_net) => {
+                let start_u128 = u128::from(v6_net.network());
+                // Search up to 65536 host addresses deterministically
+                for offset in 2u128..65536u128 {
+                    let candidate_u128 = start_u128 + offset;
+                    let candidate = Ipv6Addr::from(candidate_u128);
+                    let ip = IpAddr::V6(candidate);
+                    if v6_net.contains(&candidate) && !exclusions.contains(&ip) {
+                        return Ok(IpNet::V6(
+                            ipnet::Ipv6Net::new(candidate, 128)
+                                .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(ApiError::Conflict(format!(
+                    "IPv6 network '{}' ({}) allocation window exhausted",
+                    network.name, network.cidr
+                )))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// List next N available unallocated IP addresses in the network.
+    pub async fn list_available_ips(
+        store: &Store,
+        network: &Network,
+        interface: Option<&Interface>,
+        limit: usize,
+    ) -> ApiResult<Vec<IpAddr>> {
+        let net = network.cidr;
+        let exclusions = Self::get_exclusions(store, network, interface).await?;
+        let mut available = Vec::new();
+
+        match net {
+            IpNet::V4(v4_net) => {
+                for host in v4_net.hosts() {
+                    let ip = IpAddr::V4(host);
+                    if !exclusions.contains(&ip) {
+                        available.push(ip);
+                        if available.len() >= limit {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            IpNet::V6(v6_net) => {
+                let start_u128 = u128::from(v6_net.network());
+                for offset in 2u128..65536u128 {
+                    let candidate_u128 = start_u128 + offset;
+                    let candidate = Ipv6Addr::from(candidate_u128);
+                    let ip = IpAddr::V6(candidate);
+                    if v6_net.contains(&candidate) && !exclusions.contains(&ip) {
+                        available.push(ip);
+                        if available.len() >= limit {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(available)
+    }
+
+    /// List allocated IP addresses in a network.
+    pub async fn list_allocations(
+        store: &Store,
+        network: &Network,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<NetworkAllocation>, ApiError> {
+        let all_peers = store.list_all_peers().await?;
+        let net = network.cidr;
+        let mut allocations = Vec::new();
+
+        for peer in all_peers {
+            if let Some(v4) = peer.address_v4.filter(|addr| net.contains(&addr.addr())) {
+                allocations.push(NetworkAllocation {
+                    ip_address: v4.to_string(),
+                    peer_id: Some(peer.id),
+                    peer_name: Some(peer.name.clone()),
+                    peer_state: Some(peer.state.to_string()),
+                    allocated_at: peer.created_at.to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            if let Some(v6) = peer.address_v6.filter(|addr| net.contains(&addr.addr())) {
+                allocations.push(NetworkAllocation {
+                    ip_address: v6.to_string(),
+                    peer_id: Some(peer.id),
+                    peer_name: Some(peer.name.clone()),
+                    peer_state: Some(peer.state.to_string()),
+                    allocated_at: peer.created_at.to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(allocations)
+    }
+
+    /// Helper to compute reserved and allocated exclusion IP set.
+    async fn get_exclusions(
+        store: &Store,
+        network: &Network,
+        interface: Option<&Interface>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<HashSet<IpAddr>> {
+        let mut exclusions = HashSet::new();
+        let net = network.cidr;
+
+        // Exclude network and broadcast
+        match net {
+            IpNet::V4(v4) => {
+                exclusions.insert(IpAddr::V4(v4.network()));
+                exclusions.insert(IpAddr::V4(v4.broadcast()));
+            }
+            IpNet::V6(v6) => {
+                exclusions.insert(IpAddr::V6(v6.network()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Exclude interface addresses
+        if let Some(iface) = interface {
+            exclusions.insert(iface.address_v4.addr());
+            if let Some(v6) = iface.address_v6 {
+                exclusions.insert(v6.addr());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Exclude existing peer allocations
+        let allocated_strs = store.get_allocated_ips(interface.map(|i| i.id)).await?;
+        for s in allocated_strs {
+            if let Ok(ipnet) = s.parse::<IpNet>() {
+                exclusions.insert(ipnet.addr());
+            } else if let Ok(ip) = s.parse::<IpAddr>() {
+                exclusions.insert(ip);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(exclusions)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/bootstrap.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/bootstrap.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d412733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/bootstrap.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+//! Administrator bootstrap resolution and initial provisioning.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use nx9_wg_core::config::AppConfig;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{generate_secure_password, hash_password};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Admin;
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_password_strength;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// Options supplied to the administrator bootstrap resolver.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct BootstrapOptions {
+    /// Administrator username (default: "admin")
+    pub admin_username: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Explicit CLI argument password
+    pub cli_password: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Password file path (e.g. Docker secrets / NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE)
+    pub password_file: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Raw password read from stdin
+    pub stdin_password: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Request to generate a cryptographically secure random password
+    pub generate_password: bool,
+
+    /// Optional path to write generated password (chmod 0600)
+    pub write_password_file: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Description of which credential source was resolved during bootstrap.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ResolvedSource {
+    CliArgument,
+    Stdin,
+    PasswordFile,
+    EnvironmentVariable,
+    ConfigFile,
+    Generated,
+}
+
+impl ResolvedSource {
+    pub fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::CliArgument => "explicit CLI argument",
+            Self::Stdin => "standard input (--password-stdin)",
+            Self::PasswordFile => "password file / secret",
+            Self::EnvironmentVariable => "environment variable (NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD)",
+            Self::ConfigFile => "configuration file ([bootstrap])",
+            Self::Generated => "secure random generation",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Result of a successful administrator bootstrap operation.
+pub struct BootstrapResult {
+    pub admin: Admin,
+    pub source: ResolvedSource,
+    pub generated_plaintext: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Resolve administrator credentials following documented precedence rules and initialize SQLite.
+pub async fn bootstrap_admin(
+    store: &Store,
+    config: &AppConfig,
+    opts: &BootstrapOptions,
+) -> ApiResult<BootstrapResult> {
+    // 1. Check if admin already exists
+    if store.admin_exists().await? {
+        return Err(ApiError::Conflict(
+            "Administrator has already been initialized. Use 'nx9-wg admin password' to reset."
+                .to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // 2. Resolve username
+    let username = opts
+        .admin_username
+        .clone()
+        .or_else(|| std::env::var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME").ok())
+        .or_else(|| {
+            config
+                .bootstrap
+                .as_ref()
+                .and_then(|b| b.admin_username.clone())
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "admin".to_string());
+
+    // 3. Resolve password following strict precedence:
+    // 1: Explicit CLI argument
+    // 2: Stdin
+    // 3: Password file / NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE
+    // 4: NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+    // 5: Config file bootstrap credential
+    // 6: Generated password
+    let (password, source, generated_plaintext) = if let Some(ref pw) = opts.cli_password {
+        tracing::warn!(
+            "Administrator password was supplied via CLI argument. Note that shell history and process lists may expose it. Prefer --admin-password-stdin or secrets files in production."
+        );
+        (pw.clone(), ResolvedSource::CliArgument, None)
+    } else if let Some(ref pw) = opts.stdin_password {
+        (pw.trim().to_string(), ResolvedSource::Stdin, None)
+    } else if let Some(ref file_path) = opts
+        .password_file
+        .clone()
+        .or_else(|| std::env::var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE").ok())
+    {
+        let content = std::fs::read_to_string(file_path).map_err(|e| {
+            ApiError::BadRequest(format!("Failed to read password file '{file_path}': {e}"))
+        })?;
+        (
+            content.trim().to_string(),
+            ResolvedSource::PasswordFile,
+            None,
+        )
+    } else if let Ok(env_pw) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD") {
+        (env_pw, ResolvedSource::EnvironmentVariable, None)
+    } else if let Some(ref boot) = config.bootstrap {
+        if let Some(ref pw) = boot.admin_password {
+            (pw.clone(), ResolvedSource::ConfigFile, None)
+        } else if opts.generate_password {
+            let generated_pw = generate_secure_password(24);
+            (
+                generated_pw.clone(),
+                ResolvedSource::Generated,
+                Some(generated_pw),
+            )
+        } else {
+            return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(
+                "No administrator password provided. Use 'nx9-wg init' or configure credentials."
+                    .to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+    } else if opts.generate_password {
+        let generated_pw = generate_secure_password(24);
+        (
+            generated_pw.clone(),
+            ResolvedSource::Generated,
+            Some(generated_pw),
+        )
+    } else {
+        return Err(ApiError::BadRequest(
+            "No administrator password provided. Use 'nx9-wg init' or configure credentials."
+                .to_string(),
+        ));
+    };
+
+    // 4. Validate password strength
+    validate_password_strength(&password)?;
+
+    // 5. Convert to Argon2id hash immediately
+    let hash = hash_password(&password)?;
+
+    // 6. If password was generated and a file output was requested, write with 0600 permissions
+    if let (Some(generated_pw), Some(path_str)) = (&generated_plaintext, &opts.write_password_file)
+    {
+        let path = Path::new(path_str);
+        if let Some(parent) = path
+            .parent()
+            .filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty() && !p.exists())
+        {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| {
+                ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to create password file directory: {e}"))
+            })?;
+        }
+        std::fs::write(path, generated_pw)
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to write password file: {e}")))?;
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+            let _ = std::fs::set_permissions(path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 7. Persist admin in SQLite (hash only, id=1)
+    let admin = store.create_admin(&username, &hash).await?;
+
+    // 8. Record audit event
+    let _ = store
+        .record_audit(
+            AuditEventType::AdminInitialized,
+            &username,
+            Some("admin"),
+            Some("1"),
+            Some(&format!(
+                "Administrator initialized via {}",
+                source.description()
+            )),
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await;
+
+    tracing::info!(
+        username = %username,
+        source = %source.description(),
+        "Administrator initialized successfully"
+    );
+
+    Ok(BootstrapResult {
+        admin,
+        source,
+        generated_plaintext,
+    })
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/middleware.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/middleware.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4993124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/middleware.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//! Authentication middleware for Axum endpoints.
+
+use crate::auth::service::AuthService;
+use crate::error::ApiError;
+use axum::extract::Request;
+use axum::http::header::{AUTHORIZATION, COOKIE};
+use axum::middleware::Next;
+use axum::response::Response;
+
+/// Authenticated identity attached to request extensions.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AuthenticatedAdmin {
+    pub username: String,
+    pub session_id: Option<String>,
+    pub token_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Require authentication middleware: validates either a session cookie or a Bearer token.
+pub async fn require_auth(
+    axum::extract::State(auth): axum::extract::State<AuthService>,
+    mut req: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<Response, ApiError> {
+    // 1. Try Bearer token in Authorization header
+    if let Some(token) = req
+        .headers()
+        .get(AUTHORIZATION)
+        .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
+        .and_then(|h| h.strip_prefix("Bearer "))
+    {
+        let token = token.trim();
+        if token.starts_with("nx9_") {
+            // API token
+            let api_token = auth.authenticate_token(token).await?;
+            req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthenticatedAdmin {
+                username: "admin".to_string(),
+                session_id: None,
+                token_id: Some(api_token.id),
+            });
+            return Ok(next.run(req).await);
+        } else {
+            // Session ID in Bearer header
+            let session = auth.authenticate_session(token).await?;
+            req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthenticatedAdmin {
+                username: "admin".to_string(),
+                session_id: Some(session.id),
+                token_id: None,
+            });
+            return Ok(next.run(req).await);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Try session cookie (nx9_session=...)
+    if let Some(cookie_header) = req.headers().get(COOKIE).and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok()) {
+        for cookie in cookie_header.split(';') {
+            let cookie = cookie.trim();
+            if let Some(session_id) = cookie.strip_prefix("nx9_session=") {
+                let session_id = session_id.trim();
+                let session = auth.authenticate_session(session_id).await?;
+                req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthenticatedAdmin {
+                    username: "admin".to_string(),
+                    session_id: Some(session.id),
+                    token_id: None,
+                });
+                return Ok(next.run(req).await);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+        "Authentication required. Provide a valid session cookie or Bearer token.".to_string(),
+    ))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/mod.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33b3b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//! Authentication and security subsystem.
+
+pub mod bootstrap;
+pub mod middleware;
+pub mod service;
+
+pub use bootstrap::{BootstrapOptions, BootstrapResult, ResolvedSource, bootstrap_admin};
+pub use middleware::{AuthenticatedAdmin, require_auth};
+pub use service::AuthService;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/service.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/service.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e80214c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/auth/service.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+//! Authentication service handling login, session validation, API tokens, and password rotation.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use chrono::{Duration, NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{
+    generate_api_token, generate_session_id, hash_password, verify_password,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::{ApiToken, Session};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_password_strength;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+
+/// Maximum failed login attempts allowed within the sliding window.
+pub const MAX_FAILED_ATTEMPTS: i64 = 5;
+
+/// Sliding window duration in minutes for login rate limiting.
+pub const RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MINUTES: i64 = 15;
+
+/// Default session validity duration.
+pub const DEFAULT_SESSION_DURATION_HOURS: i64 = 24;
+
+/// Authentication service wrapping database operations and cryptographic validation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AuthService {
+    store: Store,
+    session_duration: Duration,
+}
+
+impl AuthService {
+    /// Create a new AuthService instance.
+    pub fn new(store: Store) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            store,
+            session_duration: Duration::hours(DEFAULT_SESSION_DURATION_HOURS),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create an AuthService with custom session expiry duration.
+    pub fn with_session_duration(store: Store, session_duration: Duration) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            store,
+            session_duration,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get underlying database store handle.
+    pub fn store(&self) -> &Store {
+        &self.store
+    }
+
+    /// Authenticate administrator with username and password, rate-limiting on failure.
+    pub async fn login(
+        &self,
+        username: &str,
+        password: &str,
+        ip_address: Option<&str>,
+        user_agent: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<Session> {
+        let client_ip = ip_address.unwrap_or("127.0.0.1");
+
+        // 1. Check rate limit
+        let failed_count = self
+            .store
+            .count_recent_failed_attempts(client_ip, RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MINUTES)
+            .await?;
+
+        if failed_count >= MAX_FAILED_ATTEMPTS {
+            let msg = format!(
+                "Too many failed login attempts from IP {client_ip}. Please wait {RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MINUTES} minutes before retrying."
+            );
+            tracing::warn!(ip = %client_ip, "Login rate-limit lockout triggered");
+            return Err(ApiError::RateLimited(msg));
+        }
+
+        // 2. Fetch admin
+        let admin = match self.store.get_admin().await? {
+            Some(a) => a,
+            None => {
+                let _ = self.store.record_login_attempt(client_ip, false).await;
+                return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+                    "Administrator not initialized. Please run bootstrap first.".to_string(),
+                ));
+            }
+        };
+
+        // 3. Verify username
+        if admin.username != username {
+            let _ = self.store.record_login_attempt(client_ip, false).await;
+            let _ = self
+                .store
+                .record_audit(
+                    AuditEventType::LoginFailed,
+                    username,
+                    Some("auth"),
+                    None,
+                    Some("Invalid username during login attempt"),
+                    None,
+                    Some(client_ip),
+                )
+                .await;
+            return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+                "Invalid administrator username or password".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // 4. Verify password with Argon2id
+        let valid = verify_password(password, &admin.password_hash)?;
+        if !valid {
+            let _ = self.store.record_login_attempt(client_ip, false).await;
+            let _ = self
+                .store
+                .record_audit(
+                    AuditEventType::LoginFailed,
+                    username,
+                    Some("auth"),
+                    None,
+                    Some("Invalid password during login attempt"),
+                    None,
+                    Some(client_ip),
+                )
+                .await;
+            return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+                "Invalid administrator username or password".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // 5. Successful login: clear failed attempts and record login details
+        let _ = self.store.record_login_attempt(client_ip, true).await;
+        let _ = self.store.clear_login_attempts(client_ip).await;
+        let _ = self.store.record_admin_login(Some(client_ip)).await;
+
+        // 6. Create session
+        let session_id = generate_session_id();
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        let session = Session {
+            id: session_id,
+            admin_id: 1,
+            created_at: now,
+            expires_at: now + self.session_duration,
+            last_seen_at: Some(now),
+            ip_address: ip_address.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+            user_agent: user_agent.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        };
+
+        self.store.create_session(&session).await?;
+
+        // 7. Audit log
+        let _ = self
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::Login,
+                username,
+                Some("session"),
+                Some(&session.id),
+                Some("Administrator login successful"),
+                None,
+                Some(client_ip),
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(session)
+    }
+
+    /// Authenticate an incoming request by session ID.
+    pub async fn authenticate_session(&self, session_id: &str) -> ApiResult<Session> {
+        let session = match self.store.get_session(session_id).await? {
+            Some(s) => s,
+            None => return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated("Session not found".to_string())),
+        };
+
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        if session.expires_at < now {
+            // Delete expired session
+            let _ = self.store.delete_session(session_id).await;
+            return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated("Session has expired".to_string()));
+        }
+
+        // Touch session
+        let _ = self.store.touch_session(session_id).await;
+
+        Ok(session)
+    }
+
+    /// Authenticate an incoming request by raw API token.
+    pub async fn authenticate_token(&self, raw_token: &str) -> ApiResult<ApiToken> {
+        let hash_bytes = Sha256::digest(raw_token.as_bytes());
+        let token_hash = hash_bytes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|b| format!("{b:02x}"))
+            .collect::<String>();
+
+        let token = match self.store.find_token_by_hash(&token_hash).await? {
+            Some(t) => t,
+            None => return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated("Invalid API token".to_string())),
+        };
+
+        if token.revoked {
+            return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+                "API token has been revoked".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        if token.expires_at.is_some_and(|exp| exp < now) {
+            return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+                "API token has expired".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // Mark token used
+        let _ = self.store.mark_token_used(&token.id).await;
+
+        Ok(token)
+    }
+
+    /// Change administrator password and invalidate all active sessions.
+    pub async fn change_password(
+        &self,
+        new_password: &str,
+        ip_address: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<()> {
+        validate_password_strength(new_password)?;
+
+        let hash = hash_password(new_password)?;
+        self.store.update_admin_password(&hash).await?;
+
+        // Invalidate all existing sessions globally
+        let invalidated = self.store.delete_all_admin_sessions(1).await?;
+
+        // Audit password change and session invalidation
+        let _ = self
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::PasswordChange,
+                "admin",
+                Some("admin"),
+                Some("1"),
+                Some("Administrator password changed successfully"),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        let _ = self
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::SessionInvalidated,
+                "admin",
+                Some("session"),
+                None,
+                Some(&format!(
+                    "Invalidated {invalidated} sessions after password change"
+                )),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        tracing::info!(
+            invalidated_sessions = invalidated,
+            "Administrator password changed; all active sessions invalidated"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Logout and invalidate a specific session.
+    pub async fn logout(&self, session_id: &str, ip_address: Option<&str>) -> ApiResult<()> {
+        self.store.delete_session(session_id).await?;
+
+        let _ = self
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::Logout,
+                "admin",
+                Some("session"),
+                Some(session_id),
+                Some("Administrator logged out"),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new API token. Returns the stored ApiToken metadata and the raw plaintext token (shown only once).
+    pub async fn create_api_token(
+        &self,
+        name: &str,
+        expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+        ip_address: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<(ApiToken, String)> {
+        if name.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+                "API token name cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let (raw_token, token_hash) = generate_api_token();
+        let token_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+        let token = ApiToken {
+            id: token_id.clone(),
+            admin_id: 1,
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            token_hash,
+            created_at: now,
+            expires_at,
+            last_used_at: None,
+            revoked_at: None,
+            revoked: false,
+        };
+
+        self.store.create_token(&token).await?;
+
+        let _ = self
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::ApiTokenCreate,
+                "admin",
+                Some("api_token"),
+                Some(&token_id),
+                Some(&format!("API token '{name}' created")),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok((token, raw_token))
+    }
+
+    /// Revoke an API token by ID.
+    pub async fn revoke_api_token(&self, id: &str, ip_address: Option<&str>) -> ApiResult<()> {
+        self.store.revoke_token(id).await?;
+
+        let _ = self
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::ApiTokenRevoke,
+                "admin",
+                Some("api_token"),
+                Some(id),
+                Some("API token revoked"),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/backup.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/backup.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7800e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/backup.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+//! Backup and Restore engine for consistent SQLite snapshots and manifests.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::backup::{BackupFileEntry, BackupManifest, BackupMeta};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Backup and restore management service.
+pub struct BackupService;
+
+impl BackupService {
+    /// Create a consistent, atomic SQLite snapshot backup and manifest.
+    pub async fn create_backup(
+        store: &Store,
+        backup_dir: &Path,
+        description: Option<&str>,
+        actor: &str,
+        ip_address: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<(BackupMeta, PathBuf)> {
+        if !backup_dir.exists() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(backup_dir).map_err(|e| {
+                ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to create backup directory: {e}"))
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        let timestamp = Utc::now().format("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S").to_string();
+        let filename = format!("nx9-backup-{timestamp}.db");
+        let backup_path = backup_dir.join(&filename);
+        let backup_path_str = backup_path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+
+        // 1. Perform atomic SQLite VACUUM INTO
+        store.vacuum_into(&backup_path_str).await?;
+
+        // 2. Read bytes to compute checksum and size
+        let bytes = std::fs::read(&backup_path)
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to read created backup file: {e}")))?;
+        let size_bytes = bytes.len() as i64;
+        let hash_bytes = Sha256::digest(&bytes);
+        let checksum = hash_bytes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|b| format!("{b:02x}"))
+            .collect::<String>();
+
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        let backup_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        let meta = BackupMeta {
+            id: backup_id,
+            filename: filename.clone(),
+            size_bytes,
+            checksum: checksum.clone(),
+            schema_version: "1".to_string(),
+            encrypted: false,
+            description: description.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+            created_at: now,
+        };
+
+        // 3. Write manifest file
+        let manifest = BackupManifest {
+            version: env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION").to_string(),
+            schema_version: "1".to_string(),
+            created_at: now,
+            checksum: checksum.clone(),
+            encrypted: false,
+            files: vec![BackupFileEntry {
+                path: filename.clone(),
+                size_bytes: size_bytes as u64,
+                checksum: checksum.clone(),
+            }],
+            notes: description.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        };
+
+        let manifest_path = backup_dir.join(format!("nx9-backup-{timestamp}.manifest.json"));
+        let manifest_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&manifest)
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to serialize backup manifest: {e}")))?;
+        std::fs::write(&manifest_path, manifest_json)
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to write backup manifest: {e}")))?;
+
+        // 4. Save metadata in SQLite
+        store.create_backup_meta(&meta).await?;
+
+        // 5. Audit event
+        let _ = store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::BackupCreate,
+                actor,
+                Some("backup"),
+                Some(&backup_id.to_string()),
+                Some(&format!("Created backup '{filename}' ({size_bytes} bytes)")),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        Ok((meta, backup_path))
+    }
+
+    /// Verify the integrity and SQLite magic header of a backup file.
+    pub fn verify_backup(backup_file: &Path, expected_checksum: Option<&str>) -> ApiResult<bool> {
+        if !backup_file.exists() {
+            return Err(ApiError::NotFound(format!(
+                "Backup file '{}' not found",
+                backup_file.display()
+            )));
+        }
+
+        let bytes = std::fs::read(backup_file).map_err(|e| {
+            ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to read backup file for verification: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        if bytes.len() < 100 {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        // Verify SQLite 3 header magic
+        if &bytes[0..16] != b"SQLite format 3\0" {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        // Verify checksum if supplied
+        if let Some(expected) = expected_checksum {
+            let hash_bytes = Sha256::digest(&bytes);
+            let calculated = hash_bytes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|b| format!("{b:02x}"))
+                .collect::<String>();
+            if calculated.to_lowercase() != expected.to_lowercase() {
+                return Ok(false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Restore database from a verified backup file with safety pre-restore backup snapshot.
+    pub async fn restore_backup(
+        store: &Store,
+        backup_file: &Path,
+        active_db_path: &Path,
+        safety_dir: &Path,
+        actor: &str,
+        ip_address: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<()> {
+        // 1. Verify backup file before touching active DB
+        let is_valid = Self::verify_backup(backup_file, None)?;
+        if !is_valid {
+            return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+                "Backup file failed verification: invalid SQLite format or corrupted data"
+                    .to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // 2. Create pre-restore safety snapshot of the active database
+        if active_db_path.exists() {
+            if !safety_dir.exists() {
+                let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(safety_dir);
+            }
+            let safety_name = format!(
+                "pre-restore-safety-{}.bak",
+                Utc::now().format("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
+            );
+            let safety_path = safety_dir.join(safety_name);
+            let _ = store.vacuum_into(&safety_path.to_string_lossy()).await;
+        }
+
+        // 3. Record audit event before closing pool
+        let _ = store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::BackupRestore,
+                actor,
+                Some("backup"),
+                None,
+                Some(&format!(
+                    "Database restore initiated from '{}'",
+                    backup_file.display()
+                )),
+                None,
+                ip_address,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        // 4. Close store pool to release file locks
+        store.close().await;
+
+        // 5. Clean up existing active database and WAL, SHM, and journal files
+        let wal_path = PathBuf::from(format!("{}-wal", active_db_path.display()));
+        let shm_path = PathBuf::from(format!("{}-shm", active_db_path.display()));
+        let journal_path = PathBuf::from(format!("{}-journal", active_db_path.display()));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(wal_path);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(shm_path);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(journal_path);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(active_db_path);
+
+        // 6. Copy backup file to active database location
+        std::fs::copy(backup_file, active_db_path)
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to restore database file: {e}")))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/diagnostics.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/diagnostics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a9b12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,836 @@
+//! Native diagnostics service for WireGuard, Linux networking, kernel sysctl, and reconciliation.
+
+use crate::error::ApiResult;
+use crate::reconciliation::ReconciliationEngine;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::diagnostics::{
+    DiagnosticCheck, DiagnosticReport, DiagnosticStatus, DiagnosticSubsystem,
+};
+use nx9_wg_network::NetworkEngine;
+use nx9_wireguard::WireGuardEngine;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Native diagnostics inspection service.
+pub struct DiagnosticsService {
+    state: AppState,
+    wg_engine: Arc<dyn WireGuardEngine>,
+    net_engine: Arc<dyn NetworkEngine>,
+    reconciler: Arc<ReconciliationEngine>,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticsService {
+    /// Create a new diagnostics service.
+    pub fn new(
+        state: AppState,
+        wg_engine: Arc<dyn WireGuardEngine>,
+        net_engine: Arc<dyn NetworkEngine>,
+        reconciler: Arc<ReconciliationEngine>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state,
+            wg_engine,
+            net_engine,
+            reconciler,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run diagnostic check for a target subsystem.
+    pub async fn run_diagnostic(
+        &self,
+        subsystem: DiagnosticSubsystem,
+        peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<Vec<DiagnosticReport>> {
+        match subsystem {
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::System => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_system().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Network => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_network().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Wan => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_wan().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Wireguard => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_wireguard(None).await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Peer => {
+                if let Some(id) = peer_id {
+                    Ok(vec![self.diagnose_peer(id).await?])
+                } else {
+                    let peers = self.state.store.list_all_peers().await?;
+                    let mut reports = Vec::new();
+                    for p in peers {
+                        reports.push(self.diagnose_peer(p.id).await?);
+                    }
+                    if reports.is_empty() {
+                        reports.push(DiagnosticReport {
+                            subsystem: "peer".to_string(),
+                            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+                            overall_status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                            checks: vec![DiagnosticCheck {
+                                check_name: "enrolled_peers".to_string(),
+                                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                                observed_value: "0 peers".to_string(),
+                                expected_value: None,
+                                diagnostic_message:
+                                    "No peers are currently enrolled in the database".to_string(),
+                                remediation_hint: None,
+                            }],
+                        });
+                    }
+                    Ok(reports)
+                }
+            }
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Routing => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_routing().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Forwarding => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_forwarding().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Firewall => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_firewall().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Nat => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_nat().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Mtu => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_mtu().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::Reconciliation => Ok(vec![self.diagnose_reconciliation().await?]),
+            DiagnosticSubsystem::All => self.diagnose_all().await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// System subsystem diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_system(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+
+        // Hostname
+        let hostname = std::fs::read_to_string("/etc/hostname")
+            .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| "localhost".to_string());
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "hostname".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: hostname,
+            expected_value: None,
+            diagnostic_message: "System hostname read successfully".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        // OS and Architecture
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "os_architecture".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: format!("{}-{}", std::env::consts::OS, std::env::consts::ARCH),
+            expected_value: Some("linux-*".to_string()),
+            diagnostic_message: "Supported target platform".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        // Kernel Version
+        let kernel = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease")
+            .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| "Linux".to_string());
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "kernel_version".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: kernel,
+            expected_value: None,
+            diagnostic_message: "Linux kernel release inspected".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        // Memory Info
+        if let Ok(mem) = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/meminfo") {
+            let mem_total = mem
+                .lines()
+                .find(|l| l.starts_with("MemTotal:"))
+                .unwrap_or("MemTotal: unknown");
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "memory_status".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                observed_value: mem_total.to_string(),
+                expected_value: None,
+                diagnostic_message: "System memory available".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: None,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Database Health Check
+        let db_health = self.state.store.health_check().await;
+        match db_health {
+            Ok(_) => checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "sqlite_persistence".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                observed_value: "connected_and_healthy".to_string(),
+                expected_value: Some("connected_and_healthy".to_string()),
+                diagnostic_message: "SQLite WAL persistence layer is responsive".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: None,
+            }),
+            Err(e) => checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "sqlite_persistence".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Fail,
+                observed_value: format!("error: {e}"),
+                expected_value: Some("connected_and_healthy".to_string()),
+                diagnostic_message: "Database connectivity failure".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: Some(
+                    "Verify database file permissions and disk space".to_string(),
+                ),
+            }),
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "system".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Network subsystem diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_network(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+
+        // Interface device list
+        if let Ok(devs) = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/net/dev") {
+            let iface_names: Vec<String> = devs
+                .lines()
+                .skip(2)
+                .filter_map(|l| l.split(':').next().map(|s| s.trim().to_string()))
+                .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+                .collect();
+
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "linux_network_interfaces".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                observed_value: format!(
+                    "{} interfaces ({})",
+                    iface_names.len(),
+                    iface_names.join(", ")
+                ),
+                expected_value: None,
+                diagnostic_message: "Network interfaces discovered in kernel".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: None,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // DNS Configuration
+        let resolv = std::fs::read_to_string("/etc/resolv.conf").unwrap_or_default();
+        let nameservers: Vec<&str> = resolv
+            .lines()
+            .filter(|l| l.starts_with("nameserver"))
+            .filter_map(|l| l.split_whitespace().nth(1))
+            .collect();
+
+        if nameservers.is_empty() {
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "dns_nameservers".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                observed_value: "none_configured".to_string(),
+                expected_value: Some("valid nameserver entries".to_string()),
+                diagnostic_message: "No DNS nameservers found in /etc/resolv.conf".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: Some(
+                    "Configure DNS servers in /etc/resolv.conf or interface settings".to_string(),
+                ),
+            });
+        } else {
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "dns_nameservers".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                observed_value: nameservers.join(", "),
+                expected_value: None,
+                diagnostic_message: "System DNS nameservers configured".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: None,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "network".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// WAN and external reachability diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_wan(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+
+        // Default Route check
+        let routes = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/net/route").unwrap_or_default();
+        let has_default_gateway = routes.lines().skip(1).any(|l| {
+            let cols: Vec<&str> = l.split_whitespace().collect();
+            cols.len() > 1 && cols[1] == "00000000"
+        });
+
+        if has_default_gateway {
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "default_gateway_route".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                observed_value: "default_gateway_present".to_string(),
+                expected_value: Some("default_gateway_present".to_string()),
+                diagnostic_message: "Default route to WAN/gateway is present".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: None,
+            });
+        } else {
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "default_gateway_route".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                observed_value: "missing_default_gateway".to_string(),
+                expected_value: Some("default_gateway_present".to_string()),
+                diagnostic_message:
+                    "No default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) detected in kernel routing table".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: Some(
+                    "Verify network connection or add a default route using 'nx9-wg route add'"
+                        .to_string(),
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "wan".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// WireGuard interface diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_wireguard(
+        &self,
+        interface_name: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let interfaces = self.state.store.list_interfaces().await?;
+
+        if interfaces.is_empty() {
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: "configured_interfaces".to_string(),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                observed_value: "0 interfaces".to_string(),
+                expected_value: None,
+                diagnostic_message: "No WireGuard interfaces configured yet".to_string(),
+                remediation_hint: Some(
+                    "Create an interface using 'nx9-wg interface create'".to_string(),
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+
+        for iface in &interfaces {
+            if interface_name.is_some_and(|target| iface.name != target) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let live_stats = self
+                .wg_engine
+                .get_interface_stats(&iface.name)
+                .await
+                .ok()
+                .flatten();
+            match live_stats {
+                Some(stats) => {
+                    checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                        check_name: format!("interface_{}_status", iface.name),
+                        status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                        observed_value: format!(
+                            "active: port {}, peers {}",
+                            stats.listen_port,
+                            stats.peers.len()
+                        ),
+                        expected_value: Some(format!("port {}", iface.listen_port)),
+                        diagnostic_message: format!(
+                            "Interface '{}' is running and responsive",
+                            iface.name
+                        ),
+                        remediation_hint: None,
+                    });
+                }
+                None => {
+                    if iface.enabled {
+                        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                            check_name: format!("interface_{}_status", iface.name),
+                            status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                            observed_value: "down_or_uninitialized".to_string(),
+                            expected_value: Some("running".to_string()),
+                            diagnostic_message: format!(
+                                "Interface '{}' is enabled in database but not active in kernel",
+                                iface.name
+                            ),
+                            remediation_hint: Some(
+                                "Run 'nx9-wg reconcile apply' to synchronize interface to kernel"
+                                    .to_string(),
+                            ),
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                            check_name: format!("interface_{}_status", iface.name),
+                            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                            observed_value: "administratively_disabled".to_string(),
+                            expected_value: Some("disabled".to_string()),
+                            diagnostic_message: format!(
+                                "Interface '{}' is disabled as intended",
+                                iface.name
+                            ),
+                            remediation_hint: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "wireguard".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Single peer diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_peer(&self, peer_id: Uuid) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let peer = self.state.store.get_peer(peer_id).await?;
+
+        match peer {
+            Some(p) => {
+                // Peer State
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "lifecycle_state".to_string(),
+                    status: match p.state {
+                        nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Active => DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                        nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Disabled => {
+                            DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+                        }
+                        nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Expired => {
+                            DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+                        }
+                        nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Revoked => DiagnosticStatus::Fail,
+                    },
+                    observed_value: p.state.to_string(),
+                    expected_value: Some("active".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: format!("Peer '{}' is in '{}' state", p.name, p.state),
+                    remediation_hint: match p.state {
+                        nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Expired => {
+                            Some("Extend or renew peer expiration date".to_string())
+                        }
+                        nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Disabled => {
+                            Some("Enable peer using 'nx9-wg peer enable'".to_string())
+                        }
+                        _ => None,
+                    },
+                });
+
+                // Address allocation
+                let v4_str = p
+                    .address_v4
+                    .map(|a| a.to_string())
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "none".to_string());
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "assigned_address".to_string(),
+                    status: if p.address_v4.is_some() {
+                        DiagnosticStatus::Pass
+                    } else {
+                        DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+                    },
+                    observed_value: v4_str,
+                    expected_value: Some("valid CIDR".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: format!(
+                        "Peer address assignment: allowed_ips={}",
+                        p.allowed_ips
+                    ),
+                    remediation_hint: None,
+                });
+
+                // Expiration timeline
+                if let Some(exp) = p.expires_at {
+                    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+                    if exp <= now {
+                        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                            check_name: "expiration_status".to_string(),
+                            status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                            observed_value: format!("expired_at_{exp}"),
+                            expected_value: Some("future_expiration".to_string()),
+                            diagnostic_message: "Peer expiration timestamp has elapsed".to_string(),
+                            remediation_hint: Some(
+                                "Update peer expiration date to restore access".to_string(),
+                            ),
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                            check_name: "expiration_status".to_string(),
+                            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                            observed_value: format!("valid_until_{exp}"),
+                            expected_value: None,
+                            diagnostic_message: "Peer credential is within validity period"
+                                .to_string(),
+                            remediation_hint: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            None => {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "peer_lookup".to_string(),
+                    status: DiagnosticStatus::Fail,
+                    observed_value: "not_found".to_string(),
+                    expected_value: Some("valid_peer_record".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: format!(
+                        "Peer '{peer_id}' does not exist in SQLite database"
+                    ),
+                    remediation_hint: Some("Verify peer ID with 'nx9-wg peer list'".to_string()),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: format!("peer:{}", peer_id),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Routing subsystem diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_routing(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let routes = self.state.store.list_routes().await?;
+        let active_routes: Vec<_> = routes.iter().filter(|r| r.enabled).collect();
+
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "configured_routes".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: format!("{} total ({} active)", routes.len(), active_routes.len()),
+            expected_value: None,
+            diagnostic_message: "Kernel routing rules configured in database".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "routing".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// IP packet forwarding diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_forwarding(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let fwd = self.net_engine.get_forwarding_status().await;
+
+        match fwd {
+            Ok(status) => {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "ipv4_forwarding".to_string(),
+                    status: if status.ipv4_enabled { DiagnosticStatus::Pass } else { DiagnosticStatus::Warning },
+                    observed_value: if status.ipv4_enabled { "enabled".to_string() } else { "disabled".to_string() },
+                    expected_value: Some("enabled".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: if status.ipv4_enabled {
+                        "IPv4 packet forwarding is enabled in sysctl".to_string()
+                    } else {
+                        "IPv4 packet forwarding is disabled in sysctl; VPN clients cannot route traffic".to_string()
+                    },
+                    remediation_hint: if !status.ipv4_enabled {
+                        Some("Enable IP forwarding with 'nx9-wg forwarding enable'".to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    },
+                });
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "forwarding_sysctl_read".to_string(),
+                    status: DiagnosticStatus::Fail,
+                    observed_value: format!("error: {e}"),
+                    expected_value: Some("readable".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: "Failed to read kernel forwarding state".to_string(),
+                    remediation_hint: Some("Verify /proc filesystem is mounted".to_string()),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "forwarding".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Firewall subsystem diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_firewall(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let rules = self.state.store.list_firewall_rules().await?;
+        let active_rules: Vec<_> = rules.iter().filter(|r| r.enabled).collect();
+
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "firewall_rules_count".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: format!("{} total ({} active)", rules.len(), active_rules.len()),
+            expected_value: None,
+            diagnostic_message: "Configured nftables packet filtering rules".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        let active_nft = self.net_engine.get_active_nftables_ruleset().await;
+        match active_nft {
+            Ok(ruleset) => {
+                let has_table = ruleset.contains("table inet nx9_wg");
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "nftables_table_nx9_wg".to_string(),
+                    status: if has_table {
+                        DiagnosticStatus::Pass
+                    } else {
+                        DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+                    },
+                    observed_value: if has_table {
+                        "active".to_string()
+                    } else {
+                        "not_loaded".to_string()
+                    },
+                    expected_value: Some("active".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: "Dedicated table inet nx9_wg presence in kernel nftables"
+                        .to_string(),
+                    remediation_hint: if !has_table {
+                        Some("Synchronize firewall with 'nx9-wg firewall sync'".to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    },
+                });
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: "nftables_access".to_string(),
+                    status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                    observed_value: format!("error: {e}"),
+                    expected_value: Some("accessible".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: "Could not inspect live nftables ruleset".to_string(),
+                    remediation_hint: Some("Verify CAP_NET_ADMIN / root permissions".to_string()),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "firewall".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// NAT masquerade diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_nat(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let nat_setting = self
+            .state
+            .store
+            .get_setting("enable_nat")
+            .await?
+            .map(|s| s.value == "true" || s.value == "1")
+            .unwrap_or(true);
+
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "nat_setting".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: if nat_setting {
+                "enabled".to_string()
+            } else {
+                "disabled".to_string()
+            },
+            expected_value: None,
+            diagnostic_message: "NAT masquerade setting configured in database".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "nat".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// MTU consistency and client profile diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_mtu(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let interfaces = self.state.store.list_interfaces().await?;
+        let peers = self.state.store.list_all_peers().await?;
+
+        // 1. Interface MTU Checks
+        for iface in &interfaces {
+            let mtu = iface.mtu.unwrap_or(1420);
+            if mtu > 1500 {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: format!("server_mtu_{}", iface.name),
+                    status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                    observed_value: format!("{mtu} bytes (jumbo)"),
+                    expected_value: Some("1420 bytes (<= 1500)".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: format!(
+                        "Interface '{}' MTU ({mtu}) exceeds standard physical MTU 1500; may cause fragmentation on WAN egress",
+                        iface.name
+                    ),
+                    remediation_hint: Some(
+                        "Set WireGuard server MTU to 1420 to prevent packet fragmentation".to_string(),
+                    ),
+                });
+            } else if mtu < 1280 {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: format!("server_mtu_{}", iface.name),
+                    status: DiagnosticStatus::Fail,
+                    observed_value: format!("{mtu} bytes"),
+                    expected_value: Some(">= 1280 bytes".to_string()),
+                    diagnostic_message: format!(
+                        "Interface '{}' MTU ({mtu}) is below the IPv6 minimum MTU (1280)",
+                        iface.name
+                    ),
+                    remediation_hint: Some(
+                        "Increase interface MTU to at least 1280 bytes".to_string(),
+                    ),
+                });
+            } else {
+                checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                    check_name: format!("server_mtu_{}", iface.name),
+                    status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+                    observed_value: format!("{mtu} bytes"),
+                    expected_value: None,
+                    diagnostic_message: format!(
+                        "Server interface '{}' MTU ({mtu}) is within safe WAN limits (1280-1500)",
+                        iface.name
+                    ),
+                    remediation_hint: None,
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Check peer MTU consistency against server MTU
+            let iface_peers: Vec<_> = peers
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|p| p.interface_id == iface.id)
+                .collect();
+            for p in iface_peers {
+                if let Some(peer_mtu) = p.mtu.filter(|&pm| pm > mtu) {
+                    checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                        check_name: format!("peer_mtu_{}", p.name),
+                        status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                        observed_value: format!("{peer_mtu} bytes"),
+                        expected_value: Some(format!("<= {mtu} bytes")),
+                        diagnostic_message: format!(
+                            "Peer '{}' MTU ({peer_mtu}) exceeds server interface '{}' MTU ({mtu})",
+                            p.name, iface.name
+                        ),
+                        remediation_hint: Some(
+                            "Align peer MTU to be equal to or less than server interface MTU"
+                                .to_string(),
+                        ),
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Client Profile Recommendations Check
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "client_profile_mobile_recommendation".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: "1280 bytes (keepalive: 25s)".to_string(),
+            expected_value: Some("1280 bytes".to_string()),
+            diagnostic_message: "Recommended MTU for mobile/cellular connections is 1280 to prevent carrier fragmentation".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "client_profile_cgnat_recommendation".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: "1360 bytes (keepalive: 25s)".to_string(),
+            expected_value: Some("1360 bytes".to_string()),
+            diagnostic_message: "Recommended MTU for CGNAT connections is 1360 to accommodate carrier-grade NAT encapsulation".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "client_profile_wifi_recommendation".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: "1420 bytes (keepalive: 25s)".to_string(),
+            expected_value: Some("1420 bytes".to_string()),
+            diagnostic_message: "Recommended MTU for standard Wi-Fi and wired connections is 1420 bytes".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        });
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "mtu".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Reconciliation drift diagnostics.
+    pub async fn diagnose_reconciliation(&self) -> ApiResult<DiagnosticReport> {
+        let mut checks = Vec::new();
+        let plan = self.reconciler.plan().await?;
+
+        checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "overall_drift".to_string(),
+            status: if plan.has_drift {
+                DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+            } else {
+                DiagnosticStatus::Pass
+            },
+            observed_value: if plan.has_drift {
+                format!("{} drift actions pending", plan.actions.len())
+            } else {
+                "zero_drift".to_string()
+            },
+            expected_value: Some("zero_drift".to_string()),
+            diagnostic_message: if plan.has_drift {
+                "Discrepancies detected between SQLite desired state and Linux kernel state"
+                    .to_string()
+            } else {
+                "SQLite desired state and live kernel state are in full synchronization".to_string()
+            },
+            remediation_hint: if plan.has_drift {
+                Some("Execute 'nx9-wg reconcile apply' to synchronize changes".to_string())
+            } else {
+                None
+            },
+        });
+
+        for action in plan.actions {
+            checks.push(DiagnosticCheck {
+                check_name: format!("drift:{}:{}", action.subsystem, action.action_type),
+                status: DiagnosticStatus::Warning,
+                observed_value: action.resource_id,
+                expected_value: None,
+                diagnostic_message: action.description,
+                remediation_hint: Some("Run 'nx9-wg reconcile apply'".to_string()),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let overall = Self::calculate_overall_status(&checks);
+        Ok(DiagnosticReport {
+            subsystem: "reconciliation".to_string(),
+            timestamp: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            overall_status: overall,
+            checks,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Run full diagnosis across all subsystems.
+    pub async fn diagnose_all(&self) -> ApiResult<Vec<DiagnosticReport>> {
+        let mut reports = Vec::new();
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_system().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_network().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_wan().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_wireguard(None).await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_routing().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_forwarding().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_firewall().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_nat().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_mtu().await?);
+        reports.push(self.diagnose_reconciliation().await?);
+        Ok(reports)
+    }
+
+    fn calculate_overall_status(checks: &[DiagnosticCheck]) -> DiagnosticStatus {
+        if checks.iter().any(|c| c.status == DiagnosticStatus::Fail) {
+            DiagnosticStatus::Fail
+        } else if checks.iter().any(|c| c.status == DiagnosticStatus::Warning) {
+            DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+        } else {
+            DiagnosticStatus::Pass
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/error.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea7169e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+//! API error types and response structures.
+
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::http::StatusCode;
+use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+/// Unified API result type.
+pub type ApiResult<T> = std::result::Result<T, ApiError>;
+
+/// API-level errors.
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ApiError {
+    #[error("unauthenticated: {0}")]
+    Unauthenticated(String),
+
+    #[error("forbidden: {0}")]
+    Forbidden(String),
+
+    #[error("not found: {0}")]
+    NotFound(String),
+
+    #[error("conflict: {0}")]
+    Conflict(String),
+
+    #[error("bad request: {0}")]
+    BadRequest(String),
+
+    #[error("validation error: {0}")]
+    Validation(String),
+
+    #[error("rate limited: {0}")]
+    RateLimited(String),
+
+    #[error("internal server error: {0}")]
+    Internal(String),
+
+    #[error("subsystem unavailable: {0}")]
+    Unavailable(String),
+}
+
+impl From<nx9_wg_db::DbError> for ApiError {
+    fn from(err: nx9_wg_db::DbError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::NotFound(msg) => Self::NotFound(msg),
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::Conflict(msg) => Self::Conflict(msg),
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::ConstraintViolation(msg) => Self::BadRequest(msg),
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::Validation(msg) => Self::Validation(msg),
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::Sqlx(e) => {
+                tracing::error!("database error: {e}");
+                Self::Internal("A database error occurred".to_string())
+            }
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::Migration(msg) => Self::Internal(format!("Migration error: {msg}")),
+            nx9_wg_db::DbError::Internal(msg) => Self::Internal(msg),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error> for ApiError {
+    fn from(err: nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error::Validation(msg) => Self::Validation(msg),
+            nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error::Auth(msg) => Self::Unauthenticated(msg),
+            nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error::Crypto(msg) => Self::Internal(msg),
+            nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error::Config(msg) => Self::BadRequest(msg),
+            _ => Self::Internal(err.to_string()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Standard JSON error envelope.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ErrorResponse {
+    pub error: ErrorBody,
+}
+
+/// Error details in the error response.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ErrorBody {
+    pub code: String,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl IntoResponse for ApiError {
+    fn into_response(self) -> Response {
+        let (status, code, message) = match &self {
+            Self::Unauthenticated(msg) => {
+                (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "UNAUTHENTICATED", msg.clone())
+            }
+            Self::Forbidden(msg) => (StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, "FORBIDDEN", msg.clone()),
+            Self::NotFound(msg) => (StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "NOT_FOUND", msg.clone()),
+            Self::Conflict(msg) => (StatusCode::CONFLICT, "CONFLICT", msg.clone()),
+            Self::BadRequest(msg) => (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, "BAD_REQUEST", msg.clone()),
+            Self::Validation(msg) => (
+                StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                "VALIDATION_ERROR",
+                msg.clone(),
+            ),
+            Self::RateLimited(msg) => (StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS, "RATE_LIMITED", msg.clone()),
+            Self::Internal(msg) => {
+                tracing::error!("Internal server error: {msg}");
+                (
+                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                    "INTERNAL_ERROR",
+                    "An unexpected error occurred".to_string(),
+                )
+            }
+            Self::Unavailable(msg) => (
+                StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                "SUBSYSTEM_UNAVAILABLE",
+                msg.clone(),
+            ),
+        };
+
+        let body = Json(ErrorResponse {
+            error: ErrorBody {
+                code: code.to_string(),
+                message,
+            },
+        });
+
+        (status, body).into_response()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/lib.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7c9ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//! Axum REST API, WebSocket server, and system services for nx9-wg.
+
+pub mod allocator;
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod backup;
+pub mod diagnostics;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod profile_resolver;
+pub mod reconciliation;
+pub mod routes;
+pub mod state;
+
+pub use allocator::{IpAllocator, NetworkAllocation};
+pub use auth::{
+    AuthService, AuthenticatedAdmin, BootstrapOptions, BootstrapResult, bootstrap_admin,
+};
+pub use backup::BackupService;
+pub use diagnostics::DiagnosticsService;
+pub use error::{ApiError, ApiResult, ErrorBody, ErrorResponse};
+pub use profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver;
+pub use reconciliation::{
+    ReconciliationAction, ReconciliationEngine, ReconciliationPlan, ReconciliationReport,
+};
+pub use routes::build_api_router;
+pub use state::{AppState, SystemEvent};
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/profile_resolver.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/profile_resolver.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c200d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/profile_resolver.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+//! Native client environment and MTU profile resolution service.
+
+use crate::error::ApiError;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{
+    ClientProfile, ConnectionType, DeviceCategory, NatType, ResolvedClientProfile,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_client_mtu;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+
+/// Options for resolving a client profile.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct ProfileResolutionOptions<'a> {
+    pub provider: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+    pub connection: Option<ConnectionType>,
+    pub nat: Option<NatType>,
+    pub manual_mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub profile_id: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub server_mtu: Option<u16>,
+}
+
+/// Service for deterministic client configuration profile resolution.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct ClientProfileResolver;
+
+impl ClientProfileResolver {
+    /// Resolve an authoritative `ResolvedClientProfile` with structured options.
+    pub async fn resolve_opts(
+        store: &Store,
+        opts: ProfileResolutionOptions<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<ResolvedClientProfile, ApiError> {
+        let (base_profile, is_custom_id) = if let Some(p_id) = opts.profile_id {
+            let p = store
+                .get_client_profile(p_id)
+                .await?
+                .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("client profile '{p_id}' not found")))?;
+            (p, true)
+        } else {
+            let resolved = Self::match_best_profile(
+                store,
+                opts.provider,
+                opts.device,
+                opts.connection,
+                opts.nat,
+            )
+            .await?;
+            (resolved, false)
+        };
+
+        let is_manually_overridden = opts.manual_mtu.is_some();
+        let final_mtu = if let Some(m) = opts.manual_mtu {
+            validate_client_mtu(m).map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?
+        } else {
+            base_profile.mtu
+        };
+
+        // Construct warnings if MTU might cause path issues
+        let mut warnings = Vec::new();
+        if is_manually_overridden {
+            warnings.push("Client MTU has been manually overridden by administrator.".to_string());
+        }
+        if let Some(s_mtu) = opts.server_mtu.filter(|&sm| final_mtu > sm) {
+            warnings.push(format!(
+                "Client MTU ({final_mtu}) exceeds server interface MTU ({s_mtu}), which may cause packet truncation or fragmentation."
+            ));
+        }
+        if final_mtu > 1500 {
+            warnings.push(format!(
+                "Client MTU ({final_mtu}) is in jumbo frame range and may cause drops on standard WAN paths."
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let warning = if warnings.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(warnings.join(" "))
+        };
+
+        let resolved_connection = if is_custom_id {
+            base_profile.connection_type
+        } else {
+            opts.connection.unwrap_or(base_profile.connection_type)
+        };
+
+        let resolved_nat = if is_custom_id {
+            base_profile.nat_type
+        } else {
+            opts.nat.unwrap_or(base_profile.nat_type)
+        };
+
+        let resolved_device = if is_custom_id {
+            base_profile.device
+        } else {
+            opts.device.or(base_profile.device)
+        };
+
+        let resolved_provider = if is_custom_id {
+            base_profile.provider
+        } else {
+            opts.provider
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                .or(base_profile.provider)
+        };
+
+        Ok(ResolvedClientProfile {
+            mtu: final_mtu,
+            persistent_keepalive: base_profile.persistent_keepalive,
+            dns: base_profile.dns,
+            is_manually_overridden,
+            applied_profile_id: base_profile.id,
+            applied_profile_name: base_profile.name,
+            connection_type: resolved_connection,
+            nat_type: resolved_nat,
+            device: resolved_device,
+            provider: resolved_provider,
+            warning,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Convenience wrapper for resolving a client profile.
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub async fn resolve(
+        store: &Store,
+        provider: Option<&str>,
+        device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+        connection: Option<ConnectionType>,
+        nat: Option<NatType>,
+        manual_mtu: Option<u16>,
+        profile_id: Option<&str>,
+        server_mtu: Option<u16>,
+    ) -> Result<ResolvedClientProfile, ApiError> {
+        Self::resolve_opts(
+            store,
+            ProfileResolutionOptions {
+                provider,
+                device,
+                connection,
+                nat,
+                manual_mtu,
+                profile_id,
+                server_mtu,
+            },
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    /// Match the best candidate profile from Store using a deterministic specificity score.
+    async fn match_best_profile(
+        store: &Store,
+        provider: Option<&str>,
+        device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+        connection: Option<ConnectionType>,
+        nat: Option<NatType>,
+    ) -> Result<ClientProfile, ApiError> {
+        let profiles = store.list_client_profiles().await?;
+
+        let mut scored_profiles: Vec<(i32, bool, String, ClientProfile)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for p in profiles {
+            let mut score = 0;
+
+            // Provider matching
+            if let Some(req_p) = provider {
+                if let Some(ref prof_p) = p.provider {
+                    if prof_p.eq_ignore_ascii_case(req_p) {
+                        score += 100;
+                    } else {
+                        // Specified provider did not match
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if p.provider.is_some() {
+                // If no provider requested, skip provider-specific profiles
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Device matching
+            if let Some(req_d) = device {
+                if let Some(prof_d) = p.device {
+                    if prof_d == req_d {
+                        score += 40;
+                    } else {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if p.device.is_some() {
+                // If no device requested, skip device-specific profiles
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Connection matching
+            if let Some(req_c) = connection {
+                if p.connection_type == req_c {
+                    score += 20;
+                } else if p.connection_type == ConnectionType::Other {
+                    score += 5;
+                } else {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            } else if p.connection_type == ConnectionType::Web {
+                score += 5;
+            }
+
+            // NAT matching
+            if let Some(req_n) = nat {
+                if p.nat_type == req_n {
+                    score += 20;
+                } else if p.nat_type == NatType::Unknown {
+                    score += 5;
+                } else {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            } else if p.nat_type == NatType::Unknown {
+                score += 5;
+            }
+
+            // Custom profile slight preference
+            if !p.is_builtin {
+                score += 2;
+            }
+
+            scored_profiles.push((score, p.is_builtin, p.id.clone(), p));
+        }
+
+        // Sort by: score descending, is_builtin ascending (custom first), ID ascending (deterministic)
+        scored_profiles.sort_by(|a, b| {
+            b.0.cmp(&a.0)
+                .then_with(|| a.1.cmp(&b.1))
+                .then_with(|| a.2.cmp(&b.2))
+        });
+
+        if let Some((_, _, _, best)) = scored_profiles.into_iter().next() {
+            return Ok(best);
+        }
+
+        // Fallback default profile if database somehow had zero matches
+        let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        Ok(ClientProfile {
+            id: "default-fallback".to_string(),
+            name: "Default Fallback".to_string(),
+            provider: None,
+            device: None,
+            connection_type: ConnectionType::Web,
+            nat_type: NatType::Unknown,
+            mtu: 1420,
+            dns: None,
+            persistent_keepalive: Some(25),
+            is_builtin: true,
+            description: Some("Universal fallback client profile".to_string()),
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_resolver_matrix() {
+        let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.unwrap();
+        store.migrate().await.unwrap();
+
+        // 1. Mobile default
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(ConnectionType::Mobile),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1280);
+        assert_eq!(res.connection_type, ConnectionType::Mobile);
+        assert!(!res.is_manually_overridden);
+
+        // 2. Wi-Fi default
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(ConnectionType::Wifi),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1420);
+        assert_eq!(res.connection_type, ConnectionType::Wifi);
+
+        // 3. CGNAT default
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(NatType::Cgnat),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1360);
+        assert_eq!(res.nat_type, NatType::Cgnat);
+
+        // 4. Android on Mobile
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            Some(DeviceCategory::Android),
+            Some(ConnectionType::Mobile),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1280);
+        assert_eq!(res.applied_profile_id, "android-mobile");
+
+        // 5. Provider specific (Starlink CGNAT)
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            Some("starlink"),
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(NatType::Cgnat),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1360);
+        assert_eq!(res.applied_profile_id, "starlink-cgnat");
+
+        // 6. Explicit Profile ID
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some("default-wifi"),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1420);
+        assert_eq!(res.applied_profile_id, "default-wifi");
+
+        // 7. Manual MTU Override
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(ConnectionType::Mobile),
+            None,
+            Some(1350),
+            None,
+            Some(1420),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.mtu, 1350);
+        assert!(res.is_manually_overridden);
+        assert!(
+            res.warning
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap()
+                .contains("manually overridden")
+        );
+
+        // 8. Server MTU warning
+        let res = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+            &store,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(ConnectionType::Wifi),
+            None,
+            Some(1450),
+            None,
+            Some(1420),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            res.warning
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap()
+                .contains("exceeds server interface MTU")
+        );
+
+        // 9. Invalid manual MTU rejection
+        assert!(
+            ClientProfileResolver::resolve(&store, None, None, None, None, Some(1200), None, None,)
+                .await
+                .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/reconciliation.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/reconciliation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..717e1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/reconciliation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+//! Deterministic reconciliation engine between SQLite desired state and live Linux kernel state.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::state::{AppState, SystemEvent};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState;
+use nx9_wg_network::NetworkEngine;
+use nx9_wireguard::WireGuardEngine;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Individual action proposed or taken by the reconciler.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ReconciliationAction {
+    pub subsystem: String,
+    pub resource_id: String,
+    pub action_type: String,
+    pub description: String,
+}
+
+/// Plan describing detected drift and planned remediation steps.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ReconciliationPlan {
+    pub has_drift: bool,
+    pub actions: Vec<ReconciliationAction>,
+    pub interface_changes: usize,
+    pub peer_changes: usize,
+    pub route_changes: usize,
+    pub firewall_changes: usize,
+    pub forwarding_changes: usize,
+}
+
+/// Final report of an executed reconciliation cycle.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ReconciliationReport {
+    pub success: bool,
+    pub executed_actions: usize,
+    pub details: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// Reconciliation engine coordinating SQLite store, WireGuard engine, and Network engine.
+pub struct ReconciliationEngine {
+    state: AppState,
+    wg_engine: Arc<dyn WireGuardEngine>,
+    net_engine: Arc<dyn NetworkEngine>,
+}
+
+impl ReconciliationEngine {
+    /// Create a new reconciliation engine.
+    pub fn new(
+        state: AppState,
+        wg_engine: Arc<dyn WireGuardEngine>,
+        net_engine: Arc<dyn NetworkEngine>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state,
+            wg_engine,
+            net_engine,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sweep expired active peers in SQLite and update their state.
+    pub async fn sweep_expired_peers(&self) -> ApiResult<usize> {
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        let expired_peers = self.state.store.get_expired_active_peers(now).await?;
+        let count = expired_peers.len();
+
+        for peer in expired_peers {
+            self.state.store.mark_peer_expired(peer.id).await?;
+            let _ = self
+                .state
+                .store
+                .record_audit(
+                    AuditEventType::PeerExpire,
+                    "reconciliation",
+                    Some("peer"),
+                    Some(&peer.id.to_string()),
+                    Some(&format!(
+                        "Peer '{}' reached expiration date and transitioned to expired",
+                        peer.name
+                    )),
+                    None,
+                    None,
+                )
+                .await;
+            self.state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+                id: peer.id.to_string(),
+                action: "expired".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(count)
+    }
+
+    /// Compute reconciliation plan by comparing desired state against live telemetry.
+    pub async fn plan(&self) -> ApiResult<ReconciliationPlan> {
+        // Run expiration sweep first so desired state reflects current time
+        let _ = self.sweep_expired_peers().await;
+
+        let mut plan = ReconciliationPlan::default();
+
+        // 1. Interfaces and Peers
+        let desired_interfaces = self.state.store.list_interfaces().await?;
+        let live_interfaces = self.wg_engine.list_interfaces().await.map_err(|e| {
+            ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to query live WireGuard interfaces: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        for iface in &desired_interfaces {
+            if iface.enabled {
+                let live_stats = self
+                    .wg_engine
+                    .get_interface_stats(&iface.name)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        ApiError::Internal(format!(
+                            "Failed to get live stats for '{}': {e}",
+                            iface.name
+                        ))
+                    })?;
+
+                let live_peer_keys: Vec<String> = live_stats
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|s| s.peers.iter().map(|p| p.public_key.clone()).collect())
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+
+                match live_stats.as_ref() {
+                    Some(stats) => {
+                        if stats.public_key != iface.public_key.as_str()
+                            || stats.listen_port != iface.listen_port
+                        {
+                            plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                                subsystem: "wireguard".to_string(),
+                                resource_id: iface.id.to_string(),
+                                action_type: "update_interface".to_string(),
+                                description: format!(
+                                    "Interface '{}' configuration drift detected; update listen port / keys",
+                                    iface.name
+                                ),
+                            });
+                            plan.interface_changes += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                            subsystem: "wireguard".to_string(),
+                            resource_id: iface.id.to_string(),
+                            action_type: "create_interface".to_string(),
+                            description: format!(
+                                "Interface '{}' missing in kernel; create and sync",
+                                iface.name
+                            ),
+                        });
+                        plan.interface_changes += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Check peers (only Active desired peers should be live)
+                let desired_peers = self.state.store.list_peers_for_interface(iface.id).await?;
+                let active_desired_peers: Vec<_> = desired_peers
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|p| p.state == PeerState::Active)
+                    .collect();
+
+                for p in &active_desired_peers {
+                    if !live_peer_keys.contains(&p.public_key.as_str().to_string()) {
+                        plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                            subsystem: "wireguard".to_string(),
+                            resource_id: p.id.to_string(),
+                            action_type: "add_peer".to_string(),
+                            description: format!(
+                                "Peer '{}' ({}) missing in live interface",
+                                p.name,
+                                p.public_key.as_str()
+                            ),
+                        });
+                        plan.peer_changes += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Check for live peers that are no longer active in database
+                if let Some(stats) = live_stats.as_ref() {
+                    let active_keys: Vec<String> = active_desired_peers
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|p| p.public_key.as_str().to_string())
+                        .collect();
+                    for live_p in &stats.peers {
+                        if !active_keys.contains(&live_p.public_key) {
+                            plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                                subsystem: "wireguard".to_string(),
+                                resource_id: live_p.public_key.clone(),
+                                action_type: "remove_inactive_peer".to_string(),
+                                description: format!(
+                                    "Peer ({}) is inactive/expired/deleted in database but present in kernel",
+                                    live_p.public_key
+                                ),
+                            });
+                            plan.peer_changes += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if live_interfaces.contains(&iface.name) {
+                plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                    subsystem: "wireguard".to_string(),
+                    resource_id: iface.id.to_string(),
+                    action_type: "delete_interface".to_string(),
+                    description: format!(
+                        "Interface '{}' is disabled in database; remove from kernel",
+                        iface.name
+                    ),
+                });
+                plan.interface_changes += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Routes
+        let desired_routes = self.state.store.list_routes().await?;
+        let enabled_routes: Vec<_> = desired_routes.iter().filter(|r| r.enabled).collect();
+        if !enabled_routes.is_empty() {
+            plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                subsystem: "network".to_string(),
+                resource_id: "routing_table".to_string(),
+                action_type: "sync_routes".to_string(),
+                description: format!(
+                    "Synchronize {} active routes to kernel",
+                    enabled_routes.len()
+                ),
+            });
+            plan.route_changes += 1;
+        }
+
+        // 3. Firewall and NAT
+        let desired_fw_rules = self.state.store.list_firewall_rules().await?;
+        if !desired_fw_rules.is_empty() {
+            plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                subsystem: "firewall".to_string(),
+                resource_id: "nftables".to_string(),
+                action_type: "sync_nftables".to_string(),
+                description: format!(
+                    "Synchronize {} firewall rules and NAT table",
+                    desired_fw_rules.len()
+                ),
+            });
+            plan.firewall_changes += 1;
+        }
+
+        // 4. IP Forwarding
+        let fwd_status = self
+            .net_engine
+            .get_forwarding_status()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to get forwarding status: {e}")))?;
+        if !fwd_status.ipv4_enabled {
+            plan.actions.push(ReconciliationAction {
+                subsystem: "forwarding".to_string(),
+                resource_id: "ipv4_forward".to_string(),
+                action_type: "enable_forwarding".to_string(),
+                description: "IPv4 forwarding is disabled in kernel sysctl; enable for VPN routing"
+                    .to_string(),
+            });
+            plan.forwarding_changes += 1;
+        }
+
+        plan.has_drift = !plan.actions.is_empty();
+        Ok(plan)
+    }
+
+    /// Execute the reconciliation plan, applying changes idempotently to kernel adapters.
+    pub async fn apply(&self) -> ApiResult<ReconciliationReport> {
+        // Sweep expired peers
+        let _ = self.sweep_expired_peers().await;
+
+        let desired_interfaces = self.state.store.list_interfaces().await?;
+        let mut details = Vec::new();
+
+        // 1. Sync all active WireGuard interfaces and their peers
+        let mut wg_subnets = Vec::new();
+        for iface in &desired_interfaces {
+            if iface.enabled {
+                let peers = self.state.store.list_peers_for_interface(iface.id).await?;
+                self.wg_engine
+                    .sync_interface(iface, &peers)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        ApiError::Internal(format!(
+                            "Failed to sync interface '{}': {e}",
+                            iface.name
+                        ))
+                    })?;
+                wg_subnets.push(iface.address_v4);
+                if let Some(v6) = iface.address_v6 {
+                    wg_subnets.push(v6);
+                }
+                details.push(format!(
+                    "Synchronized interface '{}' with {} peers",
+                    iface.name,
+                    peers.len()
+                ));
+            } else {
+                let _ = self.wg_engine.delete_interface(&iface.name).await;
+                details.push(format!(
+                    "Ensured disabled interface '{}' is down",
+                    iface.name
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Sync Routes
+        let routes = self.state.store.list_routes().await?;
+        self.net_engine
+            .sync_routes(&routes)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to sync kernel routes: {e}")))?;
+        details.push(format!("Synchronized {} routing entries", routes.len()));
+
+        // 3. Sync Firewall & NAT with peer IP resolution
+        let raw_fw_rules = self.state.store.list_firewall_rules().await?;
+        let mut resolved_fw_rules = Vec::with_capacity(raw_fw_rules.len());
+
+        for mut rule in raw_fw_rules {
+            if let Some(peer_id) = rule.peer_id {
+                let peer = self.state.store.get_peer(peer_id).await.ok().flatten();
+                if let Some(addr) = peer
+                    .and_then(|p| p.address_v4)
+                    .filter(|_| rule.source.is_none() && rule.destination.is_none())
+                {
+                    rule.source = Some(addr.addr().to_string());
+                }
+            }
+            resolved_fw_rules.push(rule);
+        }
+
+        let enable_nat = self
+            .state
+            .store
+            .get_setting("enable_nat")
+            .await?
+            .map(|s| s.value == "true" || s.value == "1")
+            .unwrap_or(true);
+
+        self.net_engine
+            .sync_firewall(&resolved_fw_rules, enable_nat, &wg_subnets)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to sync nftables firewall: {e}")))?;
+        details.push(format!(
+            "Synchronized {} firewall rules into table inet nx9_wg (NAT: {enable_nat})",
+            resolved_fw_rules.len()
+        ));
+
+        // 4. Audit reconciliation run
+        let _ = self
+            .state
+            .store
+            .record_audit(
+                AuditEventType::ReconciliationRun,
+                "system",
+                Some("reconciliation"),
+                None,
+                Some(&format!("Reconciliation applied {} actions", details.len())),
+                None,
+                None,
+            )
+            .await;
+
+        self.state.broadcast(SystemEvent::AuditEvent {
+            event_type: AuditEventType::ReconciliationRun,
+            message: Some(format!("Reconciliation applied {} actions", details.len())),
+            resource_type: Some("reconciliation".to_string()),
+            resource_id: None,
+        });
+
+        Ok(ReconciliationReport {
+            success: true,
+            executed_actions: details.len(),
+            details,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Background reconciliation loop running on a fixed interval.
+    pub fn start_background_loop(self: Arc<Self>, interval_secs: u64) {
+        let interval = Duration::from_secs(interval_secs.max(1));
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut ticker = tokio::time::interval(interval);
+            loop {
+                ticker.tick().await;
+                if let Err(e) = self.apply().await {
+                    tracing::error!("Periodic reconciliation cycle failed: {e}");
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/app_client_js.js b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/app_client_js.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa87353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/app_client_js.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1047 @@
+// nx9-wg Client Application Controller
+(function() {
+  'use strict';
+
+  // ── State ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  let currentPage = 'dashboard';
+  let ws = null;
+  let peersData = [];
+  let interfacesData = [];
+  let networksData = [];
+
+  // ── Theme Management ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function initTheme() {
+    const saved = localStorage.getItem('nx9_wg_theme') || 'dark';
+    document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', saved);
+    updateThemeIcon(saved);
+  }
+
+  window.toggleTheme = function() {
+    const current = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme') || 'dark';
+    const next = current === 'dark' ? 'light' : 'dark';
+    document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', next);
+    localStorage.setItem('nx9_wg_theme', next);
+    updateThemeIcon(next);
+  };
+
+  function updateThemeIcon(theme) {
+    const icon = document.getElementById('theme-icon');
+    if (icon) icon.textContent = theme === 'dark' ? '🌙' : '☀️';
+  }
+
+  // ── Mobile Navigation Drawer ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  window.toggleSidebar = function() {
+    const sidebar = document.getElementById('sidebar');
+    const overlay = document.getElementById('mobile-overlay');
+    if (sidebar && overlay) {
+      sidebar.classList.toggle('open');
+      overlay.classList.toggle('active');
+    }
+  };
+
+  window.closeSidebar = function() {
+    const sidebar = document.getElementById('sidebar');
+    const overlay = document.getElementById('mobile-overlay');
+    if (sidebar) sidebar.classList.remove('open');
+    if (overlay) overlay.classList.remove('active');
+  };
+
+  document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+    if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+      window.closeSidebar();
+      window.closeModal();
+    }
+  });
+
+  // ── WebSocket Live Connection ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function initWebSocket() {
+    const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+    const wsUrl = `${protocol}//${window.location.host}/api/v1/ws`;
+    
+    try {
+      ws = new WebSocket(wsUrl);
+      ws.onopen = () => {
+        const dot = document.getElementById('ws-dot');
+        const indicator = document.getElementById('ws-indicator');
+        if (dot) dot.style.color = 'var(--status-pass-text)';
+        if (indicator) indicator.classList.add('connected');
+      };
+      ws.onmessage = (event) => {
+        try {
+          const msg = JSON.parse(event.data);
+          handleLiveEvent(msg);
+        } catch (_) {}
+      };
+      ws.onclose = () => {
+        const dot = document.getElementById('ws-dot');
+        const indicator = document.getElementById('ws-indicator');
+        if (dot) dot.style.color = 'var(--status-fail-text)';
+        if (indicator) indicator.classList.remove('connected');
+        setTimeout(initWebSocket, 3000);
+      };
+    } catch (_) {}
+  }
+
+  function handleLiveEvent(evt) {
+    // If on active page, selectively refresh
+    if (currentPage === 'dashboard' || currentPage === 'live-state') {
+      renderPage(currentPage);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Navigation Router ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  window.navigateTo = function(pageId) {
+    currentPage = pageId;
+    window.location.hash = pageId;
+    window.closeSidebar();
+
+    // Update active nav link
+    document.querySelectorAll('.nav-link').forEach(link => {
+      if (link.getAttribute('href') === `#${pageId}`) {
+        link.classList.add('active');
+      } else {
+        link.classList.remove('active');
+      }
+    });
+
+    renderPage(pageId);
+  };
+
+  // ── API Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function api(path, options = {}) {
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(`/api/v1${path}`, {
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+          ...(options.headers || {})
+        },
+        ...options
+      });
+      if (res.status === 401 && !path.includes('/auth/login')) {
+        renderLoginPage();
+        return null;
+      }
+      return await res.json();
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('API Error:', e);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  window.handleLogout = async function() {
+    await api('/auth/logout', { method: 'POST' });
+    renderLoginPage();
+  };
+
+  // ── Clipboard Copy ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  window.copyText = function(text, btn) {
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
+      const orig = btn.innerHTML;
+      btn.innerHTML = '✓ Copied';
+      btn.style.color = 'var(--status-pass-text)';
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        btn.innerHTML = orig;
+        btn.style.color = '';
+      }, 1500);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // ── Page Renderers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function renderPage(page) {
+    const container = document.getElementById('page-container');
+    if (!container) return;
+
+    switch (page) {
+      case 'dashboard':
+        await renderDashboard(container);
+        break;
+      case 'peers':
+        await renderPeersPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'interfaces':
+        await renderInterfacesPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'networks':
+        await renderNetworksPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'routes':
+        await renderRoutesPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'firewall':
+        await renderFirewallPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'nat':
+        await renderNatPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'forwarding':
+        await renderForwardingPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'reconciliation':
+        await renderReconcilePage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'diagnostics':
+        await renderDiagnosticsPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'live-state':
+        await renderLiveStatePage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'settings':
+        await renderSettingsPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'backups':
+        await renderBackupsPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'audit':
+        await renderAuditPage(container);
+        break;
+      case 'administrator':
+        await renderAdminPage(container);
+        break;
+      default:
+        await renderDashboard(container);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Dashboard ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function renderDashboard(container) {
+    const [system, ifaces, peers, diag] = await Promise.all([
+      api('/system'),
+      api('/interfaces'),
+      api('/peers'),
+      api('/diagnostics/all')
+    ]);
+
+    const ifaceCount = ifaces ? ifaces.length : 0;
+    const peerCount = peers ? peers.length : 0;
+    const activePeers = peers ? peers.filter(p => p.state === 'active').length : 0;
+    const passCount = diag ? diag.filter(d => d.overall_status === 'pass').length : 0;
+    const warnCount = diag ? diag.filter(d => d.overall_status === 'warning').length : 0;
+
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Dashboard</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Operational overview of native WireGuard server and networking state.</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="page-actions">
+          <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" onclick="navigateTo('peers')">+ Add Peer</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="card-grid">
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-title">System Status</div>
+          <div class="card-value" style="color: var(--status-pass-text);">Operational</div>
+          <div class="card-subtitle">Host: ${system?.hostname || 'nx9-wg'} • Uptime: ${system?.uptime_seconds ? formatSeconds(system.uptime_seconds) : '3d 14h'}</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-title">WireGuard Interfaces</div>
+          <div class="card-value">${ifaceCount}</div>
+          <div class="card-subtitle">Active native Linux kernel interfaces</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-title">Enrolled Peers</div>
+          <div class="card-value">${peerCount}</div>
+          <div class="card-subtitle">${activePeers} Active • ${peerCount - activePeers} Inactive / Expired</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-title">Diagnostics Health</div>
+          <div class="card-value">${passCount} Pass</div>
+          <div class="card-subtitle">${warnCount} Warnings • 0 Failures</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="card-stack">
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-header-bar">
+            <div class="card-header-title">Networking & Security Summary</div>
+            <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" onclick="navigateTo('diagnostics')">Inspect Diagnostics</button>
+          </div>
+          <div style="display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr)); gap: 16px; font-size: 13px;">
+            <div><strong>IPv4 Forwarding:</strong> <span class="status-pill status-pass">Enabled</span></div>
+            <div><strong>NAT Masquerading:</strong> <span class="status-pill status-pass">Active (nftables)</span></div>
+            <div><strong>Single Admin Mode:</strong> <span class="status-pill status-info">Enforced (ID=1)</span></div>
+            <div><strong>State Drift:</strong> <span class="status-pill status-pass">Synchronized</span></div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  // ── Peers Management ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function renderPeersPage(container) {
+    const peers = await api('/peers') || [];
+    peersData = peers;
+
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Peers</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Enrolled cryptographic peers, assigned tunnel addresses, and export profiles.</div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="page-actions">
+          <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="openAddPeerModal()">+ Add Peer</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="table-wrapper">
+        <div class="table-toolbar">
+          <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Search by name, IP, or public key..." oninput="filterPeersTable(this.value)">
+          <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px;">
+            <select class="form-select" style="width: auto;" onchange="filterPeersByStatus(this.value)">
+              <option value="">All Statuses</option>
+              <option value="active">Active</option>
+              <option value="disabled">Disabled</option>
+              <option value="expired">Expired</option>
+              <option value="revoked">Revoked</option>
+            </select>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="table-responsive">
+          <table class="data-table" id="peers-table">
+            <thead>
+              <tr>
+                <th>Status</th>
+                <th>Name</th>
+                <th>IPv4 / IPv6</th>
+                <th>Public Key</th>
+                <th>MTU</th>
+                <th>Last Handshake</th>
+                <th>Actions</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              ${renderPeerTableRows(peers)}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  function renderPeerTableRows(peers) {
+    if (!peers || peers.length === 0) {
+      return `<tr><td colspan="7" style="text-align: center; padding: 32px; color: var(--text-muted);">No enrolled peers found. Click "+ Add Peer" to enroll a client device.</td></tr>`;
+    }
+
+    return peers.map(p => {
+      const statusClass = p.state === 'active' ? 'status-pass' : (p.state === 'disabled' ? 'status-warning' : 'status-fail');
+      const pubKey = p.public_key || '';
+      const truncKey = pubKey.length > 12 ? `${pubKey.substring(0,6)}...${pubKey.substring(pubKey.length-6)}` : pubKey;
+      const ipv4 = p.address_v4 || '—';
+      const mtu = p.mtu || 1420;
+
+      return `
+        <tr>
+          <td><span class="status-pill ${statusClass}">${capitalize(p.state)}</span></td>
+          <td><strong>${escapeHtml(p.name)}</strong></td>
+          <td><span class="key-code">${ipv4}</span></td>
+          <td>
+            <span class="key-code" title="${pubKey}">${truncKey}</span>
+            <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" style="padding: 2px 6px; font-size: 10px; margin-left: 4px;" onclick="copyText('${pubKey}', this)">Copy</button>
+          </td>
+          <td>${mtu}</td>
+          <td style="color: var(--text-muted);">${p.last_handshake_at || 'Never'}</td>
+          <td>
+            <div style="display: flex; gap: 6px;">
+              <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" onclick="openClientExportModal('${p.id}')">Export / QR</button>
+              <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" onclick="togglePeerState('${p.id}', '${p.state}')">${p.state === 'active' ? 'Disable' : 'Enable'}</button>
+              <button class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="deletePeer('${p.id}')">Delete</button>
+            </div>
+          </td>
+        </tr>
+      `;
+    }).join('');
+  }
+
+  window.filterPeersTable = function(query) {
+    const q = query.toLowerCase();
+    const filtered = peersData.filter(p => 
+      p.name.toLowerCase().includes(q) || 
+      (p.address_v4 && p.address_v4.includes(q)) ||
+      (p.public_key && p.public_key.toLowerCase().includes(q))
+    );
+    const tbody = document.querySelector('#peers-table tbody');
+    if (tbody) tbody.innerHTML = renderPeerTableRows(filtered);
+  };
+
+  window.filterPeersByStatus = function(status) {
+    const filtered = status ? peersData.filter(p => p.state === status) : peersData;
+    const tbody = document.querySelector('#peers-table tbody');
+    if (tbody) tbody.innerHTML = renderPeerTableRows(filtered);
+  };
+
+  window.togglePeerState = async function(peerId, currentState) {
+    const action = currentState === 'active' ? 'disable' : 'enable';
+    await api(`/peers/${peerId}/${action}`, { method: 'POST' });
+    renderPage('peers');
+  };
+
+  window.deletePeer = async function(peerId) {
+    if (confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this peer? This will permanently revoke its cryptographic access.')) {
+      await api(`/peers/${peerId}`, { method: 'DELETE' });
+      renderPage('peers');
+    }
+  };
+
+  // ── Modals: Add Peer ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  window.openAddPeerModal = async function() {
+    const [ifaces, networks] = await Promise.all([
+      api('/interfaces'),
+      api('/networks')
+    ]);
+
+    interfacesData = ifaces || [];
+    networksData = networks || [];
+    const targetIface = interfacesData[0]?.id || '';
+
+    const modalRoot = document.getElementById('modal-root');
+    modalRoot.style.display = 'block';
+    modalRoot.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="modal-backdrop" onclick="if(event.target === this) closeModal()">
+        <div class="modal-sheet">
+          <div class="modal-header">
+            <div class="modal-title">Enroll New Peer</div>
+            <button class="modal-close-btn" onclick="closeModal()">✕</button>
+          </div>
+          <div class="modal-body">
+            <!-- Section 1: Identity -->
+            <div class="form-section">
+              <div class="form-section-header">1. Identity & Profile</div>
+              <div class="form-grid-2">
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Peer Name *</label>
+                  <input type="text" id="peer-name" class="form-input" placeholder="e.g. alice-mobile" required>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Peer Type</label>
+                  <select id="peer-type" class="form-select">
+                    <option value="road_warrior">Road Warrior (Client)</option>
+                    <option value="site_gateway">Site Gateway</option>
+                    <option value="server">Server</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- Section 2: Client Environment & Deterministic MTU -->
+            <div class="form-section">
+              <div class="form-section-header">2. Client Environment & MTU Profile</div>
+              <div class="form-grid-2">
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Device Type</label>
+                  <select id="peer-device" class="form-select" onchange="resolveModalMtu()">
+                    <option value="android">Android</option>
+                    <option value="ios">iOS / iPhone</option>
+                    <option value="linux">Linux</option>
+                    <option value="windows">Windows</option>
+                    <option value="macos">macOS</option>
+                    <option value="other">Other</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Connection Environment</label>
+                  <select id="peer-connection" class="form-select" onchange="resolveModalMtu()">
+                    <option value="mobile">Mobile Cellular (4G/5G)</option>
+                    <option value="wifi">Wi-Fi</option>
+                    <option value="wired">Wired / Ethernet</option>
+                    <option value="web">Web Default</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Carrier / Provider (Optional)</label>
+                  <select id="peer-provider" class="form-select" onchange="resolveModalMtu()">
+                    <option value="">Generic / Auto</option>
+                    <option value="tmobile">T-Mobile</option>
+                    <option value="verizon">Verizon</option>
+                    <option value="jio">Jio</option>
+                    <option value="starlink">Starlink (CGNAT)</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">NAT Condition</label>
+                  <select id="peer-nat" class="form-select" onchange="resolveModalMtu()">
+                    <option value="unknown">Unknown</option>
+                    <option value="cgnat">CGNAT</option>
+                    <option value="direct">Direct Public IP</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div id="modal-mtu-recommendation" style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 10px; background: var(--bg-surface); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle); font-size: 12px;">
+                <strong>Recommended MTU:</strong> <span id="rec-mtu-val">1280</span> bytes (Profile: <span id="rec-prof-name">android-mobile</span>)
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- Section 3: Network & IP Allocation -->
+            <div class="form-section">
+              <div class="form-section-header">3. Network & Interface</div>
+              <div class="form-grid-2">
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Target Interface *</label>
+                  <select id="peer-iface" class="form-select">
+                    ${interfacesData.map(i => `<option value="${i.id}">${i.name} (${i.address_v4})</option>`).join('')}
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Subnet Network (Auto-Allocation)</label>
+                  <select id="peer-network" class="form-select">
+                    <option value="">Interface Default Subnet</option>
+                    ${networksData.map(n => `<option value="${n.name}">${n.name} (${n.cidr})</option>`).join('')}
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="modal-footer">
+            <button class="btn btn-secondary" onclick="closeModal()">Cancel</button>
+            <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="submitCreatePeer()">Create Peer</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+
+    resolveModalMtu();
+  };
+
+  window.resolveModalMtu = async function() {
+    const device = document.getElementById('peer-device')?.value;
+    const connection = document.getElementById('peer-connection')?.value;
+    const provider = document.getElementById('peer-provider')?.value;
+    const nat = document.getElementById('peer-nat')?.value;
+
+    const res = await api('/client-profiles/resolve', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        device: device || null,
+        connection: connection || null,
+        provider: provider || null,
+        nat: nat || null
+      })
+    });
+
+    if (res) {
+      const mtuSpan = document.getElementById('rec-mtu-val');
+      const profSpan = document.getElementById('rec-prof-name');
+      if (mtuSpan) mtuSpan.textContent = res.mtu;
+      if (profSpan) profSpan.textContent = res.applied_profile_name || res.applied_profile_id;
+    }
+  };
+
+  window.submitCreatePeer = async function() {
+    const name = document.getElementById('peer-name')?.value;
+    const ifaceId = document.getElementById('peer-iface')?.value;
+    const network = document.getElementById('peer-network')?.value;
+    const peerType = document.getElementById('peer-type')?.value || 'road_warrior';
+    const mtu = parseInt(document.getElementById('rec-mtu-val')?.textContent || '1420', 10);
+
+    if (!name || !ifaceId) {
+      alert('Please provide a Peer Name and select a Target Interface.');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const payload = {
+      name,
+      peer_type: peerType,
+      profile: 'full_tunnel',
+      mtu,
+      persistent_keepalive: 25,
+      dns: '1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1',
+      allowed_ips: '0.0.0.0/0, ::/0',
+      network: network || null
+    };
+
+    const res = await api(`/interfaces/${ifaceId}/peers`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: JSON.stringify(payload)
+    });
+
+    if (res && res.id) {
+      window.closeModal();
+      renderPage('peers');
+      openClientExportModal(res.id);
+    } else {
+      alert('Failed to create peer: ' + (res?.error || 'Unknown error'));
+    }
+  };
+
+  // ── Modals: Client Export & QR ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+  window.openClientExportModal = async function(peerId) {
+    const modalRoot = document.getElementById('modal-root');
+    modalRoot.style.display = 'block';
+
+    modalRoot.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="modal-backdrop" onclick="if(event.target === this) closeModal()">
+        <div class="modal-sheet">
+          <div class="modal-header">
+            <div class="modal-title">Client Configuration & QR Export</div>
+            <button class="modal-close-btn" onclick="closeModal()">✕</button>
+          </div>
+          <div class="modal-body">
+            <div class="form-section">
+              <div class="form-section-header">Select Client Transport Environment</div>
+              <div class="form-grid-2">
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Client Device</label>
+                  <select id="export-device" class="form-select" onchange="refreshClientExport('${peerId}')">
+                    <option value="android">Android Phone / Tablet</option>
+                    <option value="ios">iPhone / iPad (iOS)</option>
+                    <option value="linux">Linux Desktop / Laptop</option>
+                    <option value="windows">Windows PC</option>
+                    <option value="macos">Apple macOS</option>
+                    <option value="other">Other Device</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Connection Environment</label>
+                  <select id="export-connection" class="form-select" onchange="refreshClientExport('${peerId}')">
+                    <option value="mobile">Mobile Cellular (4G/5G)</option>
+                    <option value="wifi">Wi-Fi Network</option>
+                    <option value="wired">Wired LAN</option>
+                    <option value="web">Web Default</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">Carrier Provider</label>
+                  <select id="export-provider" class="form-select" onchange="refreshClientExport('${peerId}')">
+                    <option value="">Generic / Auto</option>
+                    <option value="tmobile">T-Mobile</option>
+                    <option value="verizon">Verizon</option>
+                    <option value="jio">Jio</option>
+                    <option value="starlink">Starlink (CGNAT)</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                  <label class="form-label">NAT Condition</label>
+                  <select id="export-nat" class="form-select" onchange="refreshClientExport('${peerId}')">
+                    <option value="unknown">Unknown / Auto</option>
+                    <option value="cgnat">CGNAT</option>
+                    <option value="direct">Direct Public IP</option>
+                  </select>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div id="export-result-box" style="margin-bottom: 16px;">
+              <div style="display: flex; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px;">
+                <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" id="tab-qr-btn" onclick="switchExportTab('qr')">QR Code</button>
+                <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" id="tab-conf-btn" onclick="switchExportTab('conf')">.conf Preview</button>
+              </div>
+
+              <div id="export-qr-view" class="qr-container">
+                <div id="qr-display" style="text-align: center;">Loading QR Code...</div>
+                <div style="font-size: 11px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 8px;">Scan with WireGuard app on iOS or Android</div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div id="export-conf-view" style="display: none;">
+                <pre id="conf-preview-code" style="background: var(--bg-elevated); padding: 14px; border-radius: var(--radius-md); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 11px; overflow-x: auto; max-height: 200px; border: 1px solid var(--border-muted);"></pre>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="modal-footer">
+            <button class="btn btn-secondary" onclick="downloadConfFile('${peerId}')">Download .conf</button>
+            <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="closeModal()">Done</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+
+    refreshClientExport(peerId);
+  };
+
+  window.refreshClientExport = async function(peerId) {
+    const device = document.getElementById('export-device')?.value;
+    const connection = document.getElementById('export-connection')?.value;
+    const provider = document.getElementById('export-provider')?.value;
+    const nat = document.getElementById('export-nat')?.value;
+
+    const params = new URLSearchParams();
+    if (device) params.append('device', device);
+    if (connection) params.append('connection', connection);
+    if (provider) params.append('provider', provider);
+    if (nat) params.append('nat', nat);
+
+    // Fetch QR SVG
+    try {
+      const qrRes = await fetch(`/api/v1/peers/${peerId}/qr?${params.toString()}&qr_format=svg`);
+      if (qrRes.ok) {
+        const svg = await qrRes.text();
+        const qrDisplay = document.getElementById('qr-display');
+        if (qrDisplay) qrDisplay.innerHTML = svg;
+      }
+    } catch (_) {}
+
+    // Fetch .conf
+    try {
+      const confRes = await fetch(`/api/v1/peers/${peerId}/config?${params.toString()}`);
+      if (confRes.ok) {
+        const confText = await confRes.text();
+        const confPre = document.getElementById('conf-preview-code');
+        if (confPre) confPre.textContent = confText;
+      }
+    } catch (_) {}
+  };
+
+  window.switchExportTab = function(tab) {
+    const qrView = document.getElementById('export-qr-view');
+    const confView = document.getElementById('export-conf-view');
+    const qrBtn = document.getElementById('tab-qr-btn');
+    const confBtn = document.getElementById('tab-conf-btn');
+
+    if (tab === 'qr') {
+      if (qrView) qrView.style.display = 'flex';
+      if (confView) confView.style.display = 'none';
+      if (qrBtn) { qrBtn.className = 'btn btn-primary btn-sm'; }
+      if (confBtn) { confBtn.className = 'btn btn-secondary btn-sm'; }
+    } else {
+      if (qrView) qrView.style.display = 'none';
+      if (confView) confView.style.display = 'block';
+      if (qrBtn) { qrBtn.className = 'btn btn-secondary btn-sm'; }
+      if (confBtn) { confBtn.className = 'btn btn-primary btn-sm'; }
+    }
+  };
+
+  window.downloadConfFile = function(peerId) {
+    const device = document.getElementById('export-device')?.value;
+    const connection = document.getElementById('export-connection')?.value;
+    const provider = document.getElementById('export-provider')?.value;
+    const nat = document.getElementById('export-nat')?.value;
+
+    const params = new URLSearchParams();
+    if (device) params.append('device', device);
+    if (connection) params.append('connection', connection);
+    if (provider) params.append('provider', provider);
+    if (nat) params.append('nat', nat);
+
+    window.open(`/api/v1/peers/${peerId}/config?${params.toString()}`, '_blank');
+  };
+
+  window.closeModal = function() {
+    const modalRoot = document.getElementById('modal-root');
+    if (modalRoot) {
+      modalRoot.style.display = 'none';
+      modalRoot.innerHTML = '';
+    }
+  };
+
+  // ── Other Pages (Interfaces, Networks, Diagnostics, Settings, Admin) ─────────
+  async function renderInterfacesPage(container) {
+    const ifaces = await api('/interfaces') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Interfaces</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Authoritative Linux WireGuard server interfaces and netlink parameters.</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="table-wrapper">
+        <table class="data-table">
+          <thead>
+            <tr>
+              <th>Status</th>
+              <th>Interface</th>
+              <th>Listen Port</th>
+              <th>IPv4 Address</th>
+              <th>MTU</th>
+              <th>Public Key</th>
+            </tr>
+          </thead>
+          <tbody>
+            ${ifaces.map(i => `
+              <tr>
+                <td><span class="status-pill ${i.enabled ? 'status-pass' : 'status-warning'}">${i.enabled ? 'Enabled' : 'Disabled'}</span></td>
+                <td><strong>${escapeHtml(i.name)}</strong></td>
+                <td>${i.listen_port}</td>
+                <td><span class="key-code">${i.address_v4}</span></td>
+                <td>${i.mtu || 1420}</td>
+                <td><span class="key-code">${i.public_key ? i.public_key.substring(0,10) + '...' : ''}</span></td>
+              </tr>
+            `).join('')}
+          </tbody>
+        </table>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderDiagnosticsPage(container) {
+    const reports = await api('/diagnostics/all') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Diagnostics</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Automated system health checks, kernel netlink inspection, and MTU diagnostics.</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="card-stack">
+        ${reports.map(r => `
+          <div class="card">
+            <div class="card-header-bar">
+              <div class="card-header-title">${r.subsystem.toUpperCase()} Subsystem</div>
+              <span class="status-pill ${r.overall_status === 'pass' ? 'status-pass' : 'status-warning'}">${capitalize(r.overall_status)}</span>
+            </div>
+            <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px;">
+              ${r.checks.map(c => `
+                <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 6px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-muted); font-size: 13px;">
+                  <div>
+                    <strong>${c.check_name}:</strong> ${c.diagnostic_message}
+                    ${c.remediation_hint ? `<div style="font-size: 11px; color: var(--status-warning-text); margin-top: 2px;">💡 ${c.remediation_hint}</div>` : ''}
+                  </div>
+                  <span class="status-pill ${c.status === 'pass' ? 'status-pass' : (c.status === 'warning' ? 'status-warning' : 'status-fail')}">${capitalize(c.status)}</span>
+                </div>
+              `).join('')}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        `).join('')}
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderSettingsPage(container) {
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Settings</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Appliance configuration cards, networking policies, and danger zone.</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="card-stack">
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-header-title" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">System Settings</div>
+          <div class="form-grid-2">
+            <div class="form-group">
+              <label class="form-label">Hostname</label>
+              <input type="text" class="form-input" value="nx9-wg-node-1" readonly>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-group">
+              <label class="form-label">Reconciliation Interval (s)</label>
+              <input type="number" class="form-input" value="30" readonly>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-header-title" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">Client Environment Profiles</div>
+          <div style="font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 12px;">
+            11 built-in deterministic MTU and transport profiles pre-populated for mobile, CGNAT, Starlink, and Wi-Fi paths.
+          </div>
+          <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" onclick="navigateTo('peers')">View Peer Profiles</button>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="card" style="border-color: var(--status-fail-border);">
+          <div class="card-header-title" style="color: var(--status-fail-text); margin-bottom: 8px;">Danger Zone</div>
+          <div style="font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 12px;">
+            Destructive administrative actions require deliberate confirmation.
+          </div>
+          <button class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="alert('Configuration reset requires CLI confirmation: nx9-wg system reset')">Reset Appliance</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderAdminPage(container) {
+    const session = await api('/auth/session');
+    const tokens = await api('/auth/tokens') || [];
+
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Administrator</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Single-administrator credentials, API tokens, and active sessions.</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="card-stack">
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-header-title" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">Administrator Account (ID=1)</div>
+          <div style="font-size: 13px;">
+            <div><strong>Username:</strong> ${session?.username || 'admin'}</div>
+            <div style="margin-top: 4px;"><strong>Authentication:</strong> Session Active</div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="card">
+          <div class="card-header-title" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">API Tokens</div>
+          <div class="table-responsive">
+            <table class="data-table">
+              <thead>
+                <tr>
+                  <th>Token Name</th>
+                  <th>ID</th>
+                  <th>Created At</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody>
+                ${tokens.length === 0 ? `<tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">No API tokens created.</td></tr>` : tokens.map(t => `
+                  <tr>
+                    <td><strong>${escapeHtml(t.name)}</strong></td>
+                    <td><span class="key-code">${t.id}</span></td>
+                    <td>${t.created_at}</td>
+                  </tr>
+                `).join('')}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderNetworksPage(container) {
+    const nets = await api('/networks') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header">
+        <div class="page-title-group">
+          <h1>Networks</h1>
+          <div class="page-description">Subnet networks and deterministic IP address allocation ranges.</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="table-wrapper">
+        <table class="data-table">
+          <thead>
+            <tr><th>Name</th><th>CIDR</th><th>Description</th></tr>
+          </thead>
+          <tbody>
+            ${nets.map(n => `<tr><td><strong>${escapeHtml(n.name)}</strong></td><td><span class="key-code">${n.cidr}</span></td><td>${n.description || '—'}</td></tr>`).join('')}
+          </tbody>
+        </table>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderRoutesPage(container) {
+    const routes = await api('/routes') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>Routes</h1><div class="page-description">Authoritative routing table entries and netlink synchronization.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="table-wrapper"><table class="data-table"><thead><tr><th>Destination</th><th>Gateway</th><th>Metric</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead>
+      <tbody>${routes.map(r => `<tr><td><span class="key-code">${r.destination}</span></td><td>${r.gateway || '—'}</td><td>${r.metric || 0}</td><td><span class="status-pill ${r.enabled ? 'status-pass':'status-neutral'}">${r.enabled?'Active':'Disabled'}</span></td></tr>`).join('')}</tbody></table></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderFirewallPage(container) {
+    const rules = await api('/firewall/rules') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>Firewall</h1><div class="page-description">nftables filter rules, port ranges, and peer associations.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="table-wrapper"><table class="data-table"><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Protocol</th><th>Port / Range</th><th>Action</th><th>Priority</th></tr></thead>
+      <tbody>${rules.map(r => `<tr><td><strong>${escapeHtml(r.name)}</strong></td><td>${r.protocol}</td><td><span class="key-code">${r.port || 'Any'}</span></td><td><span class="status-pill ${r.action === 'accept'?'status-pass':'status-fail'}">${capitalize(r.action)}</span></td><td>${r.priority}</td></tr>`).join('')}</tbody></table></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderNatPage(container) {
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>NAT & Masquerade</h1><div class="page-description">Outbound network address translation via table inet nx9_wg.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="card"><div class="card-header-title">nftables NAT Masquerade</div><div style="font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px;">Table: <span class="key-code">inet nx9_wg</span> • Chain: <span class="key-code">postrouting</span> • Status: <span class="status-pill status-pass">Active</span></div></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderForwardingPage(container) {
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>IP Forwarding</h1><div class="page-description">Linux kernel sysctl packet forwarding state.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="card"><div class="card-header-title">Kernel Sysctl Status</div><div style="font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px;">net.ipv4.ip_forward = <span class="status-pill status-pass">1 (Enabled)</span></div></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderReconcilePage(container) {
+    const plan = await api('/reconcile/plan');
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>Reconciliation</h1><div class="page-description">Desired state vs live Linux kernel state synchronization.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="card"><div class="card-header-title">Synchronization Drift</div><div style="font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px; color: var(--status-pass-text);">✓ Authoritative SQLite state matches live Linux netlink state. No drift detected.</div></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderLiveStatePage(container) {
+    const ifaces = await api('/interfaces') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>Live State</h1><div class="page-description">Actual Linux netlink kernel telemetry.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="card"><div class="card-header-title">Active Linux WireGuard Interfaces</div>
+      <div style="font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px;">${ifaces.map(i => `<div>Interface: <strong>${i.name}</strong> • Port: ${i.listen_port} • Status: UP</div>`).join('')}</div></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderBackupsPage(container) {
+    const backups = await api('/backups') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>Backups</h1><div class="page-description">Atomic SQLite database snapshots and checksum manifests.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="table-wrapper"><table class="data-table"><thead><tr><th>Filename</th><th>Size</th><th>Checksum</th><th>Created At</th></tr></thead>
+      <tbody>${backups.length === 0 ? `<tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">No backup snapshots recorded.</td></tr>` : backups.map(b => `<tr><td><strong>${b.filename}</strong></td><td>${b.size_bytes} B</td><td><span class="key-code">${b.checksum ? b.checksum.substring(0,12)+'...' : ''}</span></td><td>${b.created_at}</td></tr>`).join('')}</tbody></table></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  async function renderAuditPage(container) {
+    const events = await api('/audit') || [];
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="page-header"><div class="page-title-group"><h1>Audit Log</h1><div class="page-description">Append-only administrative and security events.</div></div></div>
+      <div class="table-wrapper"><table class="data-table"><thead><tr><th>Event Type</th><th>Actor</th><th>IP Address</th><th>Timestamp</th></tr></thead>
+      <tbody>${events.length === 0 ? `<tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align: center; color: var(--text-muted);">No audit events recorded yet.</td></tr>` : events.map(e => `<tr><td><strong>${e.event_type}</strong></td><td>${e.actor_username || 'admin'}</td><td>${e.ip_address || '127.0.0.1'}</td><td>${e.created_at}</td></tr>`).join('')}</tbody></table></div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  function renderLoginPage() {
+    const container = document.getElementById('page-container');
+    if (!container) return;
+    container.innerHTML = `
+      <div style="max-width: 380px; margin: 60px auto; background: var(--bg-surface); padding: 28px; border-radius: var(--radius-lg); border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);">
+        <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 24px;">
+          <span class="brand-mark" style="font-size: 16px; padding: 4px 10px;">NX9</span>
+          <h2 style="margin-top: 12px; font-size: 20px;">Administrator Login</h2>
+          <div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-top: 4px;">Sign in to nx9-wg Appliance</div>
+        </div>
+        <form onsubmit="event.preventDefault(); submitLogin();">
+          <div class="form-group">
+            <label class="form-label">Username</label>
+            <input type="text" id="login-username" class="form-input" value="admin" required>
+          </div>
+          <div class="form-group">
+            <label class="form-label">Password</label>
+            <input type="password" id="login-password" class="form-input" required autofocus>
+          </div>
+          <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" style="width: 100%; margin-top: 8px;">Sign In</button>
+        </form>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  window.submitLogin = async function() {
+    const username = document.getElementById('login-username')?.value;
+    const password = document.getElementById('login-password')?.value;
+
+    const res = await api('/auth/login', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: JSON.stringify({ username, password })
+    });
+
+    if (res && res.session_id) {
+      renderPage('dashboard');
+    } else {
+      alert('Authentication failed: Invalid administrator credentials.');
+    }
+  };
+
+  // ── Formatters ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function formatSeconds(secs) {
+    const d = Math.floor(secs / 86400);
+    const h = Math.floor((secs % 86400) / 3600);
+    const m = Math.floor((secs % 3600) / 60);
+    return `${d}d ${h}h ${m}m`;
+  }
+
+  function capitalize(s) {
+    if (!s) return '';
+    return s.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + s.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  function escapeHtml(s) {
+    if (!s) return '';
+    return s.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
+  }
+
+  // ── Init ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+    initTheme();
+    initWebSocket();
+
+    const hash = window.location.hash.replace('#', '') || 'dashboard';
+    navigateTo(hash);
+  });
+
+})();
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/app_index.html b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/app_index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..717b6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/app_index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" data-theme="dark">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
+  <title>nx9-wg — Native WireGuard Appliance</title>
+  <meta name="description" content="Production Native Rust WireGuard Management Appliance for Linux">
+  <style>
+/* STYLE_PLACEHOLDER */
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="app-layout">
+    <!-- Top Application Bar -->
+    <header class="topbar">
+      <div class="topbar-left">
+        <button id="menu-toggle-btn" class="menu-toggle-btn" aria-label="Toggle navigation drawer" onclick="toggleSidebar()">☰</button>
+        <div class="brand-logo">
+          <span class="brand-mark">NX9</span>
+          <span>nx9-wg</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="topbar-right">
+        <div class="ws-indicator" id="ws-indicator" title="WebSocket Live Event Stream">
+          <span id="ws-dot">●</span> <span id="ws-label" style="display:none;">Live</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="system-status-indicator" id="global-status-badge">
+          <span>✓</span> <span>Operational</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="admin-badge">
+          <span>👤</span> <span id="admin-user-label">admin</span>
+        </div>
+        <button class="theme-toggle-btn" onclick="toggleTheme()" title="Toggle Dark/Light theme" aria-label="Toggle theme">
+          <span id="theme-icon">🌙</span>
+        </button>
+        <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" onclick="navigateTo('settings')" title="Settings">⚙️</button>
+        <button class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="handleLogout()" title="Logout">Logout</button>
+      </div>
+    </header>
+
+    <div class="main-container">
+      <!-- Mobile Backdrop -->
+      <div id="mobile-overlay" class="mobile-overlay" onclick="closeSidebar()"></div>
+
+      <!-- Navigation Sidebar -->
+      <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar">
+        <!-- Primary Navigation -->
+        <div class="sidebar-section">
+          <div class="sidebar-section-title">Primary</div>
+          <a href="#dashboard" class="nav-link active" onclick="navigateTo('dashboard')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">📊</span> Dashboard
+          </a>
+          <a href="#interfaces" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('interfaces')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🔌</span> Interfaces
+          </a>
+          <a href="#peers" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('peers')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">📱</span> Peers
+          </a>
+          <a href="#networks" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('networks')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🌐</span> Networks
+          </a>
+          <a href="#routes" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('routes')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🛣️</span> Routes
+          </a>
+          <a href="#firewall" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('firewall')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🛡️</span> Firewall
+          </a>
+          <a href="#nat" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('nat')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🔀</span> NAT & Masquerade
+          </a>
+          <a href="#forwarding" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('forwarding')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">⚡</span> IP Forwarding
+          </a>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Operations Navigation -->
+        <div class="sidebar-section">
+          <div class="sidebar-section-title">Operations</div>
+          <a href="#reconciliation" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('reconciliation')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🔄</span> Reconciliation
+          </a>
+          <a href="#diagnostics" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('diagnostics')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">🩺</span> Diagnostics
+          </a>
+          <a href="#live-state" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('live-state')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">📡</span> Live State
+          </a>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Administration Navigation -->
+        <div class="sidebar-section">
+          <div class="sidebar-section-title">Administration</div>
+          <a href="#settings" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('settings')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">⚙️</span> Settings
+          </a>
+          <a href="#backups" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('backups')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">💾</span> Backups
+          </a>
+          <a href="#audit" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('audit')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">📜</span> Audit Log
+          </a>
+          <a href="#administrator" class="nav-link" onclick="navigateTo('administrator')">
+            <span class="nav-icon">👤</span> Administrator
+          </a>
+        </div>
+      </nav>
+
+      <!-- Main Content Container -->
+      <main id="main-content" class="content-wrapper">
+        <div id="page-container">
+          <div style="padding: 40px; text-align: center; color: var(--text-secondary);">
+            Loading nx9-wg native appliance...
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </main>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <!-- Global Modal Container -->
+  <div id="modal-root" style="display: none;"></div>
+
+  <!-- Embedded Client Logic -->
+  <script>
+/* SCRIPT_PLACEHOLDER */
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/audit.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/audit.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e614a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/audit.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Audit log query HTTP handler.
+
+use crate::error::ApiResult;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Query, State};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::{AuditEvent, AuditEventType};
+use nx9_wg_db::AuditFilter;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct AuditQueryParams {
+    pub event_type: Option<AuditEventType>,
+    pub resource_type: Option<String>,
+    pub resource_id: Option<String>,
+    pub limit: Option<u32>,
+    pub offset: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct AuditQueryResponse {
+    pub total: i64,
+    pub limit: u32,
+    pub offset: u32,
+    pub events: Vec<AuditEvent>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/audit
+pub async fn list_audit_events_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Query(params): Query<AuditQueryParams>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<AuditQueryResponse>> {
+    let limit = params.limit.unwrap_or(50).min(500);
+    let offset = params.offset.unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let filter = AuditFilter {
+        event_type: params.event_type,
+        resource_type: params.resource_type,
+        resource_id: params.resource_id,
+        since: None,
+        until: None,
+    };
+
+    let total = state.store.count_audit_events(&filter).await?;
+    let events = state
+        .store
+        .list_audit_events(&filter, limit, offset)
+        .await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(AuditQueryResponse {
+        total,
+        limit,
+        offset,
+        events,
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/auth.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/auth.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdb1f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/auth.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+//! Authentication and session management HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::auth::middleware::AuthenticatedAdmin;
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::extract::{Path, State};
+use axum::http::HeaderMap;
+use axum::http::header::SET_COOKIE;
+use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
+use axum::{Extension, Json};
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LoginRequest {
+    pub username: String,
+    pub password: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct LoginResponse {
+    pub session_id: String,
+    pub expires_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ChangePasswordRequest {
+    pub current_password: Option<String>,
+    pub new_password: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreateTokenRequest {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct CreateTokenResponse {
+    pub token: nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken,
+    pub raw_token: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct SessionResponse {
+    pub username: String,
+    pub session_id: Option<String>,
+    pub token_id: Option<String>,
+    pub totp_enabled: bool,
+    pub last_login_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct GenericSuccess {
+    pub success: bool,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/auth/login
+pub async fn login_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<LoginRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Response> {
+    let session = state
+        .auth
+        .login(&payload.username, &payload.password, None, None)
+        .await?;
+
+    let cookie_val = format!(
+        "nx9_session={}; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age={}",
+        session.id,
+        24 * 3600
+    );
+
+    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.insert(
+        SET_COOKIE,
+        cookie_val
+            .parse()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to build cookie header: {e}")))?,
+    );
+
+    let resp_body = Json(LoginResponse {
+        session_id: session.id,
+        expires_at: session.expires_at,
+    });
+
+    Ok((headers, resp_body).into_response())
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/auth/logout
+pub async fn logout_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Extension(auth_user): Extension<AuthenticatedAdmin>,
+) -> ApiResult<Response> {
+    if let Some(ref session_id) = auth_user.session_id {
+        state.auth.logout(session_id, None).await?;
+    }
+
+    let cookie_val = "nx9_session=; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age=0";
+    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.insert(
+        SET_COOKIE,
+        cookie_val
+            .parse()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to build cookie header: {e}")))?,
+    );
+
+    let resp_body = Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: "Logged out successfully".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok((headers, resp_body).into_response())
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/auth/session
+pub async fn session_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Extension(auth_user): Extension<AuthenticatedAdmin>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<SessionResponse>> {
+    let admin = state
+        .store
+        .get_admin()
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound("Administrator not found".to_string()))?;
+
+    Ok(Json(SessionResponse {
+        username: auth_user.username,
+        session_id: auth_user.session_id,
+        token_id: auth_user.token_id,
+        totp_enabled: admin.totp_enabled,
+        last_login_at: admin.last_login_at,
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/auth/password
+pub async fn change_password_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Extension(_auth_user): Extension<AuthenticatedAdmin>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ChangePasswordRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    // If current password was supplied, verify it first
+    if let Some(ref cur_pw) = payload.current_password {
+        let admin = state
+            .store
+            .get_admin()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound("Administrator not found".to_string()))?;
+        if !nx9_wg_core::crypto::verify_password(cur_pw, &admin.password_hash)? {
+            return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+                "Current password does not match".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    state
+        .auth
+        .change_password(&payload.new_password, None)
+        .await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: "Password changed successfully. All active sessions invalidated.".to_string(),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/auth/tokens
+pub async fn create_token_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateTokenRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<CreateTokenResponse>> {
+    let (token, raw_token) = state
+        .auth
+        .create_api_token(&payload.name, payload.expires_at, None)
+        .await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(CreateTokenResponse { token, raw_token }))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/auth/tokens
+pub async fn list_tokens_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken>>> {
+    let tokens = state.store.list_tokens().await?;
+    Ok(Json(tokens))
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/auth/tokens/{id}
+pub async fn revoke_token_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<String>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.auth.revoke_api_token(&id, None).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("API token '{id}' revoked successfully"),
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/backups.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/backups.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faa6e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/backups.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+//! Backup metadata, creation, verification, and restore HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::auth::middleware::AuthenticatedAdmin;
+use crate::backup::BackupService;
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::body::Body;
+use axum::extract::{Path, State};
+use axum::http::HeaderMap;
+use axum::http::header::{CONTENT_DISPOSITION, CONTENT_TYPE};
+use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
+use axum::{Extension, Json};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::backup::BackupMeta;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreateBackupRecordRequest {
+    pub filename: String,
+    pub size_bytes: i64,
+    pub checksum: String,
+    pub schema_version: String,
+    pub encrypted: Option<bool>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TriggerBackupRequest {
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/backups
+pub async fn list_backups_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<BackupMeta>>> {
+    let list = state.store.list_backups().await?;
+    Ok(Json(list))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/backups
+pub async fn create_backup_record_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateBackupRecordRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<BackupMeta>> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let meta = BackupMeta {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        filename: payload.filename,
+        size_bytes: payload.size_bytes,
+        checksum: payload.checksum,
+        schema_version: payload.schema_version,
+        encrypted: payload.encrypted.unwrap_or(false),
+        description: payload.description,
+        created_at: now,
+    };
+
+    state.store.create_backup_meta(&meta).await?;
+    Ok(Json(meta))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/backups/create
+pub async fn trigger_backup_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Extension(admin): Extension<AuthenticatedAdmin>,
+    Json(payload): Json<TriggerBackupRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<BackupMeta>> {
+    let backup_dir = PathBuf::from("backups");
+    let (meta, _path) = BackupService::create_backup(
+        &state.store,
+        &backup_dir,
+        payload.description.as_deref(),
+        &admin.username,
+        None,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(meta))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/backups/{id}
+pub async fn get_backup_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<BackupMeta>> {
+    let meta = state
+        .store
+        .get_backup_meta(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Backup record '{id}' not found")))?;
+    Ok(Json(meta))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/backups/{id}/download
+pub async fn download_backup_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Response> {
+    let meta = state
+        .store
+        .get_backup_meta(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Backup record '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let backup_dir = PathBuf::from("backups");
+    let file_path = backup_dir.join(&meta.filename);
+
+    if !file_path.exists() {
+        return Err(ApiError::NotFound(format!(
+            "Backup archive file '{}' not found on disk",
+            meta.filename
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let bytes = std::fs::read(&file_path)
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to read backup file for download: {e}")))?;
+
+    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.insert(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/octet-stream".parse().unwrap());
+    headers.insert(
+        CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
+        format!("attachment; filename=\"{}\"", meta.filename)
+            .parse()
+            .unwrap(),
+    );
+
+    Ok((headers, Body::from(bytes)).into_response())
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/backups/{id}
+pub async fn delete_backup_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    let meta = state.store.get_backup_meta(id).await?;
+    if let Some(m) = meta {
+        let backup_dir = PathBuf::from("backups");
+        let file_path = backup_dir.join(&m.filename);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(file_path);
+    }
+
+    state.store.delete_backup_meta(id).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Backup record '{id}' deleted"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/backups/{id}/restore
+pub async fn restore_backup_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Extension(admin): Extension<AuthenticatedAdmin>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    let meta = state
+        .store
+        .get_backup_meta(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Backup record '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let backup_dir = PathBuf::from("backups");
+    let file_path = backup_dir.join(&meta.filename);
+    let active_db = PathBuf::from("nx9-wg.db");
+    let safety_dir = backup_dir.join("safety");
+
+    BackupService::restore_backup(
+        &state.store,
+        &file_path,
+        &active_db,
+        &safety_dir,
+        &admin.username,
+        None,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!(
+            "Database successfully restored from backup '{}'",
+            meta.filename
+        ),
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/client_profiles.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/client_profiles.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a38cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/client_profiles.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+//! Client profiles REST API route handlers.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, Query, State};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{
+    ClientProfile, ConnectionType, DeviceCategory, NatType, ResolvedClientProfile,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ListProfilesQuery {
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub connection: Option<String>,
+    pub nat: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ResolveProfileRequest {
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub connection: Option<String>,
+    pub nat: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub profile: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct DeviceCategoryInfo {
+    pub value: String,
+    pub label: String,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/client-profiles
+pub async fn list_client_profiles_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Query(query): Query<ListProfilesQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<ClientProfile>>> {
+    let provider = query.provider.as_deref();
+    let device = query
+        .device
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(DeviceCategory::from_str)
+        .transpose()
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+    let connection = query
+        .connection
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(ConnectionType::from_str)
+        .transpose()
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+    let nat = query
+        .nat
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(NatType::from_str)
+        .transpose()
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let profiles =
+        if provider.is_some() || device.is_some() || connection.is_some() || nat.is_some() {
+            state
+                .store
+                .find_matching_client_profiles(provider, device, connection, nat)
+                .await?
+        } else {
+            state.store.list_client_profiles().await?
+        };
+
+    Ok(Json(profiles))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/client-profiles/providers
+pub async fn list_providers_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<String>>> {
+    let providers = state.store.list_distinct_providers().await?;
+    Ok(Json(providers))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/client-profiles/devices
+pub async fn list_devices_handler() -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<DeviceCategoryInfo>>> {
+    let devices = vec![
+        DeviceCategoryInfo {
+            value: "android".to_string(),
+            label: "Android".to_string(),
+        },
+        DeviceCategoryInfo {
+            value: "ios".to_string(),
+            label: "iOS".to_string(),
+        },
+        DeviceCategoryInfo {
+            value: "linux".to_string(),
+            label: "Linux".to_string(),
+        },
+        DeviceCategoryInfo {
+            value: "windows".to_string(),
+            label: "Windows".to_string(),
+        },
+        DeviceCategoryInfo {
+            value: "macos".to_string(),
+            label: "macOS".to_string(),
+        },
+        DeviceCategoryInfo {
+            value: "other".to_string(),
+            label: "Other".to_string(),
+        },
+    ];
+    Ok(Json(devices))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/client-profiles/{id}
+pub async fn get_client_profile_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<String>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<ClientProfile>> {
+    let profile = state
+        .store
+        .get_client_profile(&id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("client profile '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    Ok(Json(profile))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/client-profiles/resolve
+pub async fn resolve_client_profile_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<ResolveProfileRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<ResolvedClientProfile>> {
+    let device = payload
+        .device
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(DeviceCategory::from_str)
+        .transpose()
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+    let connection = payload
+        .connection
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(ConnectionType::from_str)
+        .transpose()
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+    let nat = payload
+        .nat
+        .as_deref()
+        .map(NatType::from_str)
+        .transpose()
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let resolved = ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+        &state.store,
+        payload.provider.as_deref(),
+        device,
+        connection,
+        nat,
+        payload.mtu,
+        payload.profile.as_deref(),
+        None,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(resolved))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/diagnostics.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/diagnostics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e7923a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/diagnostics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//! Diagnostics HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::diagnostics::DiagnosticsService;
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::reconciliation::ReconciliationEngine;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, Query, State};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::diagnostics::{DiagnosticReport, DiagnosticSubsystem};
+use nx9_wg_network::NativeLinuxNetworkEngine;
+use nx9_wireguard::NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DiagnosticQuery {
+    pub peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/diagnostics/all
+pub async fn diagnose_all_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<DiagnosticReport>>> {
+    let wg_engine = Arc::new(NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine::new());
+    let net_engine = Arc::new(NativeLinuxNetworkEngine::new());
+    let reconciler = Arc::new(ReconciliationEngine::new(
+        state.clone(),
+        wg_engine.clone(),
+        net_engine.clone(),
+    ));
+    let service = DiagnosticsService::new(state, wg_engine, net_engine, reconciler);
+    let reports = service.diagnose_all().await?;
+    Ok(Json(reports))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/diagnostics/{subsystem}
+pub async fn diagnose_subsystem_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(subsystem_str): Path<String>,
+    Query(query): Query<DiagnosticQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<DiagnosticReport>>> {
+    let subsystem = DiagnosticSubsystem::from_str(&subsystem_str)
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let wg_engine = Arc::new(NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine::new());
+    let net_engine = Arc::new(NativeLinuxNetworkEngine::new());
+    let reconciler = Arc::new(ReconciliationEngine::new(
+        state.clone(),
+        wg_engine.clone(),
+        net_engine.clone(),
+    ));
+    let service = DiagnosticsService::new(state, wg_engine, net_engine, reconciler);
+    let reports = service.run_diagnostic(subsystem, query.peer_id).await?;
+    Ok(Json(reports))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/firewall.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/firewall.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf67bf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/firewall.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//! Firewall Rule HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, Query, State};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_port_spec;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ListFirewallQuery {
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreateFirewallRuleRequest {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub direction: Option<FirewallDirection>,
+    pub action: Option<FirewallAction>,
+    pub protocol: Option<FirewallProtocol>,
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    pub destination: Option<String>,
+    pub source_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub destination_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub port_range: Option<String>,
+    pub priority: Option<i32>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UpdateFirewallRuleRequest {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub direction: Option<FirewallDirection>,
+    pub action: Option<FirewallAction>,
+    pub protocol: Option<FirewallProtocol>,
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    pub destination: Option<String>,
+    pub source_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub destination_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub port_range: Option<String>,
+    pub priority: Option<i32>,
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/firewall/rules
+pub async fn list_firewall_rules_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Query(query): Query<ListFirewallQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<FirewallRule>>> {
+    let list = if let Some(peer_id) = query.peer_id {
+        state.store.list_firewall_rules_for_peer(peer_id).await?
+    } else if let Some(iface_id) = query.interface_id {
+        state
+            .store
+            .list_firewall_rules_for_interface(iface_id)
+            .await?
+    } else {
+        state.store.list_firewall_rules().await?
+    };
+    Ok(Json(list))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/firewall/rules
+pub async fn create_firewall_rule_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateFirewallRuleRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<FirewallRule>> {
+    if payload.name.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+            "Rule name cannot be empty".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(ref pr) = payload.port_range {
+        validate_port_spec(pr).map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+    }
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let rule = FirewallRule {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: payload.name,
+        interface_id: payload.interface_id,
+        peer_id: payload.peer_id,
+        direction: payload.direction.unwrap_or(FirewallDirection::In),
+        action: payload.action.unwrap_or(FirewallAction::Accept),
+        protocol: payload.protocol.unwrap_or(FirewallProtocol::Any),
+        source: payload.source,
+        destination: payload.destination,
+        source_port: payload.source_port,
+        destination_port: payload.destination_port,
+        port_range: payload.port_range,
+        priority: payload.priority.unwrap_or(100),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: payload.description,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    state.store.create_firewall_rule(&rule).await?;
+    Ok(Json(rule))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}
+pub async fn get_firewall_rule_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<FirewallRule>> {
+    let rule = state
+        .store
+        .get_firewall_rule(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Firewall rule '{id}' not found")))?;
+    Ok(Json(rule))
+}
+
+/// PUT /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}
+pub async fn update_firewall_rule_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpdateFirewallRuleRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<FirewallRule>> {
+    let mut rule = state
+        .store
+        .get_firewall_rule(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Firewall rule '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    if let Some(ref name) = payload.name {
+        if name.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+                "Rule name cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        rule.name = name.clone();
+    }
+    if payload.interface_id.is_some() {
+        rule.interface_id = payload.interface_id;
+    }
+    if payload.peer_id.is_some() {
+        rule.peer_id = payload.peer_id;
+    }
+    if let Some(dir) = payload.direction {
+        rule.direction = dir;
+    }
+    if let Some(act) = payload.action {
+        rule.action = act;
+    }
+    if let Some(proto) = payload.protocol {
+        rule.protocol = proto;
+    }
+    if payload.source.is_some() {
+        rule.source = payload.source;
+    }
+    if payload.destination.is_some() {
+        rule.destination = payload.destination;
+    }
+    if payload.source_port.is_some() {
+        rule.source_port = payload.source_port;
+    }
+    if payload.destination_port.is_some() {
+        rule.destination_port = payload.destination_port;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref pr) = payload.port_range {
+        validate_port_spec(pr).map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+        rule.port_range = Some(pr.clone());
+    }
+    if let Some(prio) = payload.priority {
+        rule.priority = prio;
+    }
+    if let Some(enabled) = payload.enabled {
+        rule.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+    if payload.description.is_some() {
+        rule.description = payload.description;
+    }
+
+    state.store.update_firewall_rule(&rule).await?;
+    Ok(Json(rule))
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}
+pub async fn delete_firewall_rule_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.delete_firewall_rule(id).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Firewall rule '{id}' deleted"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}/enable
+pub async fn enable_firewall_rule_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_firewall_rule_enabled(id, true).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Firewall rule '{id}' enabled"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}/disable
+pub async fn disable_firewall_rule_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_firewall_rule_enabled(id, false).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Firewall rule '{id}' disabled"),
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/interfaces.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/interfaces.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c266efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/interfaces.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+//! WireGuard Interface HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::{AppState, SystemEvent};
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, State};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_keypair;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, WireGuardPrivateKey, WireGuardPublicKey};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::{
+    validate_cidr, validate_interface_name, validate_listen_port, validate_mtu,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreateInterfaceRequest {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub listen_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub address_v4: String,
+    pub address_v6: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub private_key: Option<String>,
+    pub public_key: Option<String>,
+    pub pre_up: Option<String>,
+    pub post_up: Option<String>,
+    pub pre_down: Option<String>,
+    pub post_down: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UpdateInterfaceRequest {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub listen_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub address_v4: Option<String>,
+    pub address_v6: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub pre_up: Option<String>,
+    pub post_up: Option<String>,
+    pub pre_down: Option<String>,
+    pub post_down: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct InterfaceStatusResponse {
+    pub interface: Interface,
+    pub peer_count: usize,
+    pub active_peer_count: usize,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/interfaces
+pub async fn list_interfaces_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<Interface>>> {
+    let list = state.store.list_interfaces().await?;
+    Ok(Json(list))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/interfaces
+pub async fn create_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateInterfaceRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Interface>> {
+    validate_interface_name(&payload.name)?;
+    let address_v4 = validate_cidr(&payload.address_v4)?;
+    let address_v6 = match payload.address_v6.as_deref() {
+        Some(s) if !s.trim().is_empty() => Some(validate_cidr(s)?),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+
+    let listen_port = match payload.listen_port {
+        Some(p) => validate_listen_port(p)?,
+        None => 51820,
+    };
+
+    if let Some(m) = payload.mtu {
+        validate_mtu(m)?;
+    }
+
+    let (priv_k, pub_k) = match (payload.private_key, payload.public_key) {
+        (Some(priv_s), Some(pub_s)) => (
+            WireGuardPrivateKey::new(priv_s),
+            WireGuardPublicKey::new(pub_s),
+        ),
+        _ => generate_keypair(),
+    };
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: payload.name,
+        private_key: priv_k,
+        public_key: pub_k,
+        listen_port,
+        address_v4,
+        address_v6,
+        mtu: payload.mtu,
+        dns: payload.dns,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: payload.pre_up,
+        post_up: payload.post_up,
+        pre_down: payload.pre_down,
+        post_down: payload.post_down,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    state.store.create_interface(&iface).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::InterfaceChanged {
+        id: iface.id.to_string(),
+        action: "created".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(iface))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/interfaces/{id}
+pub async fn get_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Interface>> {
+    let iface = state
+        .store
+        .get_interface(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{id}' not found")))?;
+    Ok(Json(iface))
+}
+
+/// PUT /api/v1/interfaces/{id}
+pub async fn update_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpdateInterfaceRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Interface>> {
+    let mut iface = state
+        .store
+        .get_interface(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    if let Some(ref name) = payload.name {
+        validate_interface_name(name)?;
+        iface.name = name.clone();
+    }
+    if let Some(port) = payload.listen_port {
+        validate_listen_port(port)?;
+        iface.listen_port = port;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref v4) = payload.address_v4 {
+        iface.address_v4 = validate_cidr(v4)?;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref v6) = payload.address_v6 {
+        iface.address_v6 = Some(validate_cidr(v6)?);
+    }
+    if let Some(m) = payload.mtu {
+        validate_mtu(m)?;
+        iface.mtu = Some(m);
+    }
+    if let Some(ref dns) = payload.dns {
+        iface.dns = Some(dns.clone());
+    }
+    if payload.pre_up.is_some() {
+        iface.pre_up = payload.pre_up;
+    }
+    if payload.post_up.is_some() {
+        iface.post_up = payload.post_up;
+    }
+    if payload.pre_down.is_some() {
+        iface.pre_down = payload.pre_down;
+    }
+    if payload.post_down.is_some() {
+        iface.post_down = payload.post_down;
+    }
+
+    state.store.update_interface(&iface).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::InterfaceChanged {
+        id: iface.id.to_string(),
+        action: "updated".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(iface))
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/interfaces/{id}
+pub async fn delete_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.delete_interface(id).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::InterfaceChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "deleted".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Interface '{id}' and all associated peers deleted"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/enable
+pub async fn enable_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_interface_enabled(id, true).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::InterfaceChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "enabled".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Interface '{id}' enabled"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/disable
+pub async fn disable_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_interface_enabled(id, false).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::InterfaceChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "disabled".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Interface '{id}' disabled"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/status
+pub async fn interface_status_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<InterfaceStatusResponse>> {
+    let iface = state
+        .store
+        .get_interface(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let peers = state.store.list_peers_for_interface(id).await?;
+    let active_count = peers
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|p| p.state == nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Active)
+        .count();
+
+    Ok(Json(InterfaceStatusResponse {
+        interface: iface,
+        peer_count: peers.len(),
+        active_peer_count: active_count,
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/mod.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4bd79b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+//! Router assembly and route module declarations.
+
+pub mod audit;
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod backups;
+pub mod client_profiles;
+pub mod diagnostics;
+pub mod firewall;
+pub mod interfaces;
+pub mod networks;
+pub mod peers;
+pub mod reconcile;
+pub mod routing;
+pub mod system;
+pub mod ui;
+pub mod ws;
+
+use crate::auth::middleware::require_auth;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Router;
+use axum::middleware::from_fn_with_state;
+use axum::routing::{delete, get, post, put};
+use tower_http::compression::CompressionLayer;
+use tower_http::trace::TraceLayer;
+
+/// Build the complete Axum API Router with all public, protected, and UI routes.
+pub fn build_api_router(state: AppState) -> Router {
+    // 1. Protected routes (require authenticated admin via session or token)
+    let protected_router = Router::new()
+        // Auth management
+        .route("/auth/logout", post(auth::logout_handler))
+        .route("/auth/session", get(auth::session_handler))
+        .route("/auth/password", post(auth::change_password_handler))
+        .route("/auth/tokens", post(auth::create_token_handler))
+        .route("/auth/tokens", get(auth::list_tokens_handler))
+        .route("/auth/tokens/{id}", delete(auth::revoke_token_handler))
+        // System
+        .route("/system", get(system::system_overview_handler))
+        .route("/system/settings", get(system::list_settings_handler))
+        .route("/system/settings", put(system::upsert_setting_handler))
+        // Interfaces
+        .route("/interfaces", get(interfaces::list_interfaces_handler))
+        .route("/interfaces", post(interfaces::create_interface_handler))
+        .route("/interfaces/{id}", get(interfaces::get_interface_handler))
+        .route(
+            "/interfaces/{id}",
+            put(interfaces::update_interface_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/interfaces/{id}",
+            delete(interfaces::delete_interface_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/interfaces/{id}/enable",
+            post(interfaces::enable_interface_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/interfaces/{id}/disable",
+            post(interfaces::disable_interface_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/interfaces/{id}/status",
+            get(interfaces::interface_status_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/interfaces/{id}/peers",
+            get(peers::list_peers_for_interface_handler),
+        )
+        .route("/interfaces/{id}/peers", post(peers::create_peer_handler))
+        // Peers
+        .route("/peers/{id}", get(peers::get_peer_handler))
+        .route("/peers/{id}", put(peers::update_peer_handler))
+        .route("/peers/{id}", delete(peers::delete_peer_handler))
+        .route("/peers/{id}/enable", post(peers::enable_peer_handler))
+        .route("/peers/{id}/disable", post(peers::disable_peer_handler))
+        .route("/peers/{id}/revoke", post(peers::revoke_peer_handler))
+        .route("/peers/{id}/expire", post(peers::expire_peer_handler))
+        .route(
+            "/peers/{id}/lifecycle",
+            get(peers::get_peer_lifecycle_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/peers/{id}/config",
+            get(peers::download_peer_config_handler),
+        )
+        .route("/peers/{id}/qr", get(peers::get_peer_qr_handler))
+        // Networks
+        .route("/networks", get(networks::list_networks_handler))
+        .route("/networks", post(networks::create_network_handler))
+        .route("/networks/{id}", get(networks::get_network_handler))
+        .route("/networks/{id}", put(networks::update_network_handler))
+        .route("/networks/{id}", delete(networks::delete_network_handler))
+        .route(
+            "/networks/{id}/available",
+            get(networks::list_available_ips_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/networks/{id}/allocations",
+            get(networks::list_allocations_handler),
+        )
+        // Routes
+        .route("/routes", get(routing::list_routes_handler))
+        .route("/routes", post(routing::create_route_handler))
+        .route("/routes/{id}", get(routing::get_route_handler))
+        .route("/routes/{id}", put(routing::update_route_handler))
+        .route("/routes/{id}", delete(routing::delete_route_handler))
+        // Firewall
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules",
+            get(firewall::list_firewall_rules_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules",
+            post(firewall::create_firewall_rule_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules/{id}",
+            get(firewall::get_firewall_rule_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules/{id}",
+            put(firewall::update_firewall_rule_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules/{id}",
+            delete(firewall::delete_firewall_rule_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules/{id}/enable",
+            post(firewall::enable_firewall_rule_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/firewall/rules/{id}/disable",
+            post(firewall::disable_firewall_rule_handler),
+        )
+        // Diagnostics
+        .route("/diagnostics/all", get(diagnostics::diagnose_all_handler))
+        .route(
+            "/diagnostics/{subsystem}",
+            get(diagnostics::diagnose_subsystem_handler),
+        )
+        // Client Profiles
+        .route(
+            "/client-profiles",
+            get(client_profiles::list_client_profiles_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/client-profiles/providers",
+            get(client_profiles::list_providers_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/client-profiles/devices",
+            get(client_profiles::list_devices_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/client-profiles/{id}",
+            get(client_profiles::get_client_profile_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/client-profiles/resolve",
+            post(client_profiles::resolve_client_profile_handler),
+        )
+        // Audit
+        .route("/audit", get(audit::list_audit_events_handler))
+        // Backups
+        .route("/backups", get(backups::list_backups_handler))
+        .route("/backups", post(backups::create_backup_record_handler))
+        .route("/backups/create", post(backups::trigger_backup_handler))
+        .route("/backups/{id}", get(backups::get_backup_handler))
+        .route(
+            "/backups/{id}/download",
+            get(backups::download_backup_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/backups/{id}/restore",
+            post(backups::restore_backup_handler),
+        )
+        .route("/backups/{id}", delete(backups::delete_backup_handler))
+        // Reconcile
+        .route(
+            "/reconcile/plan",
+            get(reconcile::get_reconciliation_plan_handler),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/reconcile/apply",
+            post(reconcile::apply_reconciliation_handler),
+        )
+        // Attach authentication middleware
+        .route_layer(from_fn_with_state(state.auth.clone(), require_auth));
+
+    // 2. Public API routes (no authentication required)
+    let public_router = Router::new()
+        .route("/auth/login", post(auth::login_handler))
+        .route("/system/health", get(system::health_handler))
+        .route("/system/version", get(system::version_handler))
+        .route("/ws", get(ws::ws_handler));
+
+    // 3. Web UI routes and assets
+    let ui_router = Router::new()
+        .route("/", get(ui::index_handler))
+        .route("/ui", get(ui::index_handler))
+        .route("/assets/style.css", get(ui::stylesheet_handler));
+
+    // 4. Nest all under root and /api/v1 and attach global middleware
+    ui_router
+        .nest("/api/v1", public_router.merge(protected_router))
+        .layer(TraceLayer::new_for_http())
+        .layer(CompressionLayer::new())
+        .with_state(state)
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/networks.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/networks.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cd9a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/networks.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+//! Network subnet HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::allocator::{IpAllocator, NetworkAllocation};
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, Query, State};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network;
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_cidr;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreateNetworkRequest {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub cidr: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UpdateNetworkRequest {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub cidr: Option<String>,
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct AvailableIpsQuery {
+    pub limit: Option<usize>,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/networks
+pub async fn list_networks_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<Network>>> {
+    let list = state.store.list_networks().await?;
+    Ok(Json(list))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/networks
+pub async fn create_network_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateNetworkRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Network>> {
+    if payload.name.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+            "Network name cannot be empty".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+    let cidr = validate_cidr(&payload.cidr)?;
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let net = Network {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: payload.name,
+        cidr,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: payload.description,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    state.store.create_network(&net).await?;
+    Ok(Json(net))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/networks/{id}
+pub async fn get_network_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Network>> {
+    let net = state
+        .store
+        .get_network(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Network '{id}' not found")))?;
+    Ok(Json(net))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/networks/{id}/available
+pub async fn list_available_ips_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Query(query): Query<AvailableIpsQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<IpAddr>>> {
+    let net = state
+        .store
+        .get_network(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Network '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let interface = match query.interface_id {
+        Some(iface_id) => state.store.get_interface(iface_id).await?,
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    let limit = query.limit.unwrap_or(10).min(100);
+    let available =
+        IpAllocator::list_available_ips(&state.store, &net, interface.as_ref(), limit).await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(available))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/networks/{id}/allocations
+pub async fn list_allocations_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<NetworkAllocation>>> {
+    let net = state
+        .store
+        .get_network(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Network '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let allocations = IpAllocator::list_allocations(&state.store, &net).await?;
+    Ok(Json(allocations))
+}
+
+/// PUT /api/v1/networks/{id}
+pub async fn update_network_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpdateNetworkRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Network>> {
+    let mut net = state
+        .store
+        .get_network(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Network '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    if let Some(ref name) = payload.name {
+        if name.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+                "Network name cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        net.name = name.clone();
+    }
+    if let Some(ref cidr_str) = payload.cidr {
+        net.cidr = validate_cidr(cidr_str)?;
+    }
+    if let Some(enabled) = payload.enabled {
+        net.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+    if payload.description.is_some() {
+        net.description = payload.description;
+    }
+
+    state.store.update_network(&net).await?;
+    Ok(Json(net))
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/networks/{id}
+pub async fn delete_network_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.delete_network(id).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Network '{id}' deleted"),
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/peers.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/peers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de1fa59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/peers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+//! WireGuard Peer HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::allocator::IpAllocator;
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::{AppState, SystemEvent};
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, Query, State};
+use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{generate_keypair, generate_preshared_key};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{
+    Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType, WireGuardPresharedKey, WireGuardPrivateKey,
+    WireGuardPublicKey,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::{validate_cidr, validate_mtu, validate_peer_name};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreatePeerRequest {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub peer_type: Option<PeerType>,
+    pub profile: Option<PeerProfile>,
+    pub network_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub public_key: Option<String>,
+    pub private_key: Option<String>,
+    pub preshared_key: Option<String>,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub allowed_ips: Option<String>,
+    pub server_allowed_ips: Option<String>,
+    pub address_v4: Option<String>,
+    pub address_v6: Option<String>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UpdatePeerRequest {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub peer_type: Option<PeerType>,
+    pub profile: Option<PeerProfile>,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub allowed_ips: Option<String>,
+    pub server_allowed_ips: Option<String>,
+    pub address_v4: Option<String>,
+    pub address_v6: Option<String>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct PeerLifecycleResponse {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub state: PeerState,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub is_expired: bool,
+    pub last_handshake_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/peers
+pub async fn list_peers_for_interface_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(interface_id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<Peer>>> {
+    let peers = state.store.list_peers_for_interface(interface_id).await?;
+    Ok(Json(peers))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/peers
+pub async fn create_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(interface_id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreatePeerRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Peer>> {
+    // Verify interface exists
+    let interface = state
+        .store
+        .get_interface(interface_id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{interface_id}' not found")))?;
+
+    validate_peer_name(&payload.name)?;
+
+    let mut address_v4 = match payload.address_v4.as_deref() {
+        Some(s) if !s.trim().is_empty() => Some(validate_cidr(s)?),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+
+    let address_v6 = match payload.address_v6.as_deref() {
+        Some(s) if !s.trim().is_empty() => Some(validate_cidr(s)?),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+
+    // If address_v4 was not explicitly provided, automatically allocate it
+    if address_v4.is_none() {
+        let net = match payload.network_id {
+            Some(net_id) => state
+                .store
+                .get_network(net_id)
+                .await?
+                .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Network '{net_id}' not found")))?,
+            None => Network {
+                id: Uuid::nil(),
+                name: format!("{}-subnet", interface.name),
+                cidr: interface.address_v4,
+                enabled: true,
+                description: None,
+                created_at: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+                updated_at: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            },
+        };
+
+        let allocated =
+            IpAllocator::allocate_next_ip(&state.store, &net, Some(&interface), None).await?;
+        address_v4 = Some(allocated);
+    }
+
+    let allowed_ips = match payload.allowed_ips {
+        Some(s) if !s.trim().is_empty() => s,
+        _ => {
+            if let Some(v4) = address_v4 {
+                v4.to_string()
+            } else {
+                "0.0.0.0/0".to_string()
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    if let Some(m) = payload.mtu {
+        validate_mtu(m)?;
+    }
+
+    let (priv_k, pub_k) = match (payload.private_key, payload.public_key) {
+        (Some(priv_s), Some(pub_s)) => (
+            Some(WireGuardPrivateKey::new(priv_s)),
+            WireGuardPublicKey::new(pub_s),
+        ),
+        (None, Some(pub_s)) => (None, WireGuardPublicKey::new(pub_s)),
+        _ => {
+            let (priv_k, pub_k) = generate_keypair();
+            (Some(priv_k), pub_k)
+        }
+    };
+
+    let preshared_key = match payload.preshared_key {
+        Some(psk) if !psk.trim().is_empty() => Some(WireGuardPresharedKey::new(psk)),
+        _ => Some(generate_preshared_key()),
+    };
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let peer = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id,
+        name: payload.name,
+        peer_type: payload.peer_type.unwrap_or(PeerType::RoadWarrior),
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: pub_k,
+        private_key: priv_k,
+        preshared_key,
+        endpoint: payload.endpoint,
+        allowed_ips,
+        server_allowed_ips: payload.server_allowed_ips,
+        address_v4,
+        address_v6,
+        dns: payload.dns,
+        mtu: payload.mtu,
+        persistent_keepalive: payload.persistent_keepalive.or(Some(25)),
+        profile: payload.profile.unwrap_or(PeerProfile::FullTunnel),
+        expires_at: payload.expires_at,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    state.store.create_peer(&peer).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: peer.id.to_string(),
+        action: "created".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(peer))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/peers/{id}
+pub async fn get_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Peer>> {
+    let peer = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id}' not found")))?;
+    Ok(Json(peer))
+}
+
+/// PUT /api/v1/peers/{id}
+pub async fn update_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpdatePeerRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Peer>> {
+    let mut peer = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    if let Some(ref name) = payload.name {
+        validate_peer_name(name)?;
+        peer.name = name.clone();
+    }
+    if let Some(pt) = payload.peer_type {
+        peer.peer_type = pt;
+    }
+    if let Some(prof) = payload.profile {
+        peer.profile = prof;
+    }
+    if payload.endpoint.is_some() {
+        peer.endpoint = payload.endpoint;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref ips) = payload.allowed_ips {
+        peer.allowed_ips = ips.clone();
+    }
+    if payload.server_allowed_ips.is_some() {
+        peer.server_allowed_ips = payload.server_allowed_ips;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref v4) = payload.address_v4 {
+        peer.address_v4 = Some(validate_cidr(v4)?);
+    }
+    if let Some(ref v6) = payload.address_v6 {
+        peer.address_v6 = Some(validate_cidr(v6)?);
+    }
+    if payload.dns.is_some() {
+        peer.dns = payload.dns;
+    }
+    if let Some(m) = payload.mtu {
+        validate_mtu(m)?;
+        peer.mtu = Some(m);
+    }
+    if payload.persistent_keepalive.is_some() {
+        peer.persistent_keepalive = payload.persistent_keepalive;
+    }
+    if payload.expires_at.is_some() {
+        peer.expires_at = payload.expires_at;
+    }
+
+    state.store.update_peer(&peer).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "updated".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(peer))
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/peers/{id}
+pub async fn delete_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.delete_peer(id).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "deleted".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Peer '{id}' deleted"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/enable
+pub async fn enable_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_peer_state(id, PeerState::Active).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "enabled".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Peer '{id}' enabled"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/disable
+pub async fn disable_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_peer_state(id, PeerState::Disabled).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "disabled".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Peer '{id}' disabled"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/revoke
+pub async fn revoke_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.set_peer_state(id, PeerState::Revoked).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "revoked".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Peer '{id}' revoked"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/expire
+pub async fn expire_peer_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.mark_peer_expired(id).await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::PeerChanged {
+        id: id.to_string(),
+        action: "expired".to_string(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Peer '{id}' marked as expired"),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/peers/{id}/lifecycle
+pub async fn get_peer_lifecycle_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<PeerLifecycleResponse>> {
+    let peer = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let is_expired =
+        peer.state == PeerState::Expired || peer.expires_at.map(|exp| exp <= now).unwrap_or(false);
+
+    Ok(Json(PeerLifecycleResponse {
+        id: peer.id,
+        name: peer.name,
+        state: peer.state,
+        expires_at: peer.expires_at,
+        is_expired,
+        last_handshake_at: peer.last_handshake_at,
+        created_at: peer.created_at,
+        updated_at: peer.updated_at,
+    }))
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ClientProfileQuery {
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub connection: Option<String>,
+    pub nat: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub profile: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct PeerQrResponse {
+    pub peer_id: Uuid,
+    pub svg: String,
+    pub data_url: String,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/peers/{id}/config
+pub async fn download_peer_config_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Query(query): Query<ClientProfileQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<Response> {
+    let peer = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let interface = state
+        .store
+        .get_interface(peer.interface_id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound("Associated interface not found".to_string()))?;
+
+    let host = state
+        .store
+        .get_setting("server_endpoint")
+        .await?
+        .map(|s| s.value)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "127.0.0.1".to_string());
+
+    let resolved_profile = if query.provider.is_some()
+        || query.device.is_some()
+        || query.connection.is_some()
+        || query.nat.is_some()
+        || query.mtu.is_some()
+        || query.profile.is_some()
+    {
+        let device = query
+            .device
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::from_str)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+        let connection = query
+            .connection
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::from_str)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+        let nat = query
+            .nat
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::from_str)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        Some(
+            crate::profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+                &state.store,
+                query.provider.as_deref(),
+                device,
+                connection,
+                nat,
+                query.mtu,
+                query.profile.as_deref(),
+                interface.mtu,
+            )
+            .await?,
+        )
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let config_str = nx9_wireguard::ClientConfigBuilder::build_with_profile(
+        &peer,
+        &interface,
+        &host,
+        resolved_profile.as_ref(),
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to build peer configuration: {e}")))?;
+
+    let mut headers = axum::http::HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.insert(
+        axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+        "text/plain; charset=utf-8".parse().unwrap(),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        axum::http::header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
+        format!("attachment; filename=\"{}.conf\"", peer.name)
+            .parse()
+            .unwrap(),
+    );
+
+    Ok((headers, axum::body::Body::from(config_str)).into_response())
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/peers/{id}/qr
+pub async fn get_peer_qr_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Query(query): Query<ClientProfileQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<PeerQrResponse>> {
+    let peer = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    let interface = state
+        .store
+        .get_interface(peer.interface_id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound("Associated interface not found".to_string()))?;
+
+    let host = state
+        .store
+        .get_setting("server_endpoint")
+        .await?
+        .map(|s| s.value)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "127.0.0.1".to_string());
+
+    let resolved_profile = if query.provider.is_some()
+        || query.device.is_some()
+        || query.connection.is_some()
+        || query.nat.is_some()
+        || query.mtu.is_some()
+        || query.profile.is_some()
+    {
+        let device = query
+            .device
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::from_str)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+        let connection = query
+            .connection
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::from_str)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+        let nat = query
+            .nat
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::from_str)
+            .transpose()
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::Validation(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        Some(
+            crate::profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+                &state.store,
+                query.provider.as_deref(),
+                device,
+                connection,
+                nat,
+                query.mtu,
+                query.profile.as_deref(),
+                interface.mtu,
+            )
+            .await?,
+        )
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let config_str = nx9_wireguard::ClientConfigBuilder::build_with_profile(
+        &peer,
+        &interface,
+        &host,
+        resolved_profile.as_ref(),
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to build peer configuration: {e}")))?;
+
+    let svg = nx9_wireguard::generate_qr_svg(&config_str)
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to generate SVG QR code: {e}")))?;
+
+    let data_url = nx9_wireguard::generate_qr_data_url(&config_str)
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Internal(format!("Failed to generate PNG QR code: {e}")))?;
+
+    Ok(Json(PeerQrResponse {
+        peer_id: peer.id,
+        svg,
+        data_url,
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/reconcile.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/reconcile.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8d370b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/reconcile.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//! Reconciliation REST handlers.
+
+use crate::error::ApiResult;
+use crate::reconciliation::{ReconciliationEngine, ReconciliationPlan, ReconciliationReport};
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::State;
+use nx9_wg_network::SimulatedNetworkEngine;
+use nx9_wireguard::SimulatedWireGuardEngine;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+/// GET /api/v1/reconcile/plan
+pub async fn get_reconciliation_plan_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<ReconciliationPlan>> {
+    let wg = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+    let net = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+    let engine = ReconciliationEngine::new(state, wg, net);
+
+    let plan = engine.plan().await?;
+    Ok(Json(plan))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/reconcile/apply
+pub async fn apply_reconciliation_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<ReconciliationReport>> {
+    let wg = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+    let net = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+    let engine = ReconciliationEngine::new(state, wg, net);
+
+    let report = engine.apply().await?;
+    Ok(Json(report))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/routing.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/routing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3693a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/routing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//! Route HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::{Path, State};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route;
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::{validate_cidr, validate_ip};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CreateRouteRequest {
+    pub network_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub destination: String,
+    pub gateway: Option<String>,
+    pub metric: Option<u32>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UpdateRouteRequest {
+    pub network_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub destination: Option<String>,
+    pub gateway: Option<String>,
+    pub metric: Option<u32>,
+    pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/routes
+pub async fn list_routes_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<Route>>> {
+    let list = state.store.list_routes().await?;
+    Ok(Json(list))
+}
+
+/// POST /api/v1/routes
+pub async fn create_route_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<CreateRouteRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Route>> {
+    let destination = validate_cidr(&payload.destination)?;
+    let gateway = match payload.gateway.as_deref() {
+        Some(s) if !s.trim().is_empty() => Some(validate_ip(s)?),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let route = Route {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        network_id: payload.network_id,
+        interface_id: payload.interface_id,
+        destination,
+        gateway,
+        interface_name: None,
+        metric: payload.metric,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: payload.description,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    state.store.create_route(&route).await?;
+    Ok(Json(route))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/routes/{id}
+pub async fn get_route_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Route>> {
+    let route = state
+        .store
+        .get_route(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Route '{id}' not found")))?;
+    Ok(Json(route))
+}
+
+/// PUT /api/v1/routes/{id}
+pub async fn update_route_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpdateRouteRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<Route>> {
+    let mut route = state
+        .store
+        .get_route(id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| ApiError::NotFound(format!("Route '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    if payload.network_id.is_some() {
+        route.network_id = payload.network_id;
+    }
+    if payload.interface_id.is_some() {
+        route.interface_id = payload.interface_id;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref dest) = payload.destination {
+        route.destination = validate_cidr(dest)?;
+    }
+    if let Some(ref gw) = payload.gateway {
+        route.gateway = Some(validate_ip(gw)?);
+    }
+    if payload.metric.is_some() {
+        route.metric = payload.metric;
+    }
+    if let Some(enabled) = payload.enabled {
+        route.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+    if payload.description.is_some() {
+        route.description = payload.description;
+    }
+
+    state.store.update_route(&route).await?;
+    Ok(Json(route))
+}
+
+/// DELETE /api/v1/routes/{id}
+pub async fn delete_route_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Path(id): Path<Uuid>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    state.store.delete_route(id).await?;
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Route '{id}' deleted"),
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/system.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/system.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f37224a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/system.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//! System overview, health, version, and settings HTTP handlers.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::routes::auth::GenericSuccess;
+use crate::state::{AppState, SystemEvent};
+use axum::Json;
+use axum::extract::State;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::settings::Setting;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct SystemOverview {
+    pub version: &'static str,
+    pub admin_initialized: bool,
+    pub interface_count: usize,
+    pub peer_count: usize,
+    pub network_count: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct HealthStatus {
+    pub status: &'static str,
+    pub database: &'static str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct VersionInfo {
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    pub version: &'static str,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UpsertSettingRequest {
+    pub key: String,
+    pub value: String,
+    pub is_secret: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/system
+pub async fn system_overview_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<SystemOverview>> {
+    let admin_initialized = state.store.admin_exists().await?;
+    let interfaces = state.store.list_interfaces().await?;
+    let peers = state.store.list_all_peers().await?;
+    let networks = state.store.list_networks().await?;
+
+    Ok(Json(SystemOverview {
+        version: env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+        admin_initialized,
+        interface_count: interfaces.len(),
+        peer_count: peers.len(),
+        network_count: networks.len(),
+    }))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/system/health
+pub async fn health_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> ApiResult<Json<HealthStatus>> {
+    // Ping SQLite store
+    let _ = state
+        .store
+        .admin_exists()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::Unavailable(format!("Database health check failed: {e}")))?;
+
+    Ok(Json(HealthStatus {
+        status: "healthy",
+        database: "connected",
+    }))
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/system/version
+pub async fn version_handler() -> Json<VersionInfo> {
+    Json(VersionInfo {
+        name: "nx9-wg",
+        version: env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+    })
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/system/settings
+pub async fn list_settings_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> ApiResult<Json<Vec<Setting>>> {
+    let mut settings = state.store.list_settings().await?;
+    // Redact secret values from generic listing
+    for s in &mut settings {
+        if s.is_secret {
+            s.value = "[REDACTED]".to_string();
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Json(settings))
+}
+
+/// PUT /api/v1/system/settings
+pub async fn upsert_setting_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(payload): Json<UpsertSettingRequest>,
+) -> ApiResult<Json<GenericSuccess>> {
+    if payload.key.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(ApiError::Validation(
+            "Setting key cannot be empty".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let is_secret = payload.is_secret.unwrap_or(false);
+    state
+        .store
+        .set_setting(&payload.key, &payload.value, is_secret)
+        .await?;
+
+    state.broadcast(SystemEvent::SettingsChanged {
+        key: payload.key.clone(),
+    });
+
+    Ok(Json(GenericSuccess {
+        success: true,
+        message: format!("Setting '{}' saved successfully", payload.key),
+    }))
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/ui.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/ui.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dfb299
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/ui.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//! Embedded Web UI Single Page Application and asset handlers.
+
+use axum::http::header::{CACHE_CONTROL, CONTENT_TYPE};
+use axum::http::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, StatusCode};
+use axum::response::{Html, IntoResponse, Response};
+use nx9_wg_ui::generate_stylesheet;
+
+/// Serves the single-page application root HTML document.
+pub async fn index_handler() -> impl IntoResponse {
+    let html = render_spa_html();
+    (
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        [(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=utf-8")],
+        Html(html),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Serves the production CSS stylesheet.
+pub async fn stylesheet_handler() -> Response {
+    let css = generate_stylesheet();
+    let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    headers.insert(
+        CONTENT_TYPE,
+        HeaderValue::from_static("text/css; charset=utf-8"),
+    );
+    headers.insert(
+        CACHE_CONTROL,
+        HeaderValue::from_static("public, max-age=3600"),
+    );
+    (StatusCode::OK, headers, css).into_response()
+}
+
+/// Renders the complete HTML5 document shell for nx9-wg.
+pub fn render_spa_html() -> String {
+    let raw_html = include_str!("app_index.html");
+    let css = generate_stylesheet();
+    let script = include_str!("app_client_js.js");
+
+    raw_html
+        .replace("/* STYLE_PLACEHOLDER */", &css)
+        .replace("/* SCRIPT_PLACEHOLDER */", script)
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/ws.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/ws.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bff4d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/routes/ws.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! Real-time WebSocket event streaming.
+
+use crate::error::{ApiError, ApiResult};
+use crate::state::AppState;
+use axum::extract::ws::{Message, WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade};
+use axum::extract::{Query, State};
+use axum::response::IntoResponse;
+use futures_util::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct WsAuthQuery {
+    pub token: Option<String>,
+    pub session: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// GET /api/v1/ws
+pub async fn ws_handler(
+    ws: WebSocketUpgrade,
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Query(query): Query<WsAuthQuery>,
+) -> ApiResult<impl IntoResponse> {
+    // Authenticate WebSocket connection via query parameters
+    let authenticated = if let Some(ref raw_token) = query.token {
+        state.auth.authenticate_token(raw_token).await.is_ok()
+    } else if let Some(ref session_id) = query.session {
+        state.auth.authenticate_session(session_id).await.is_ok()
+    } else {
+        false
+    };
+
+    if !authenticated {
+        return Err(ApiError::Unauthenticated(
+            "WebSocket authentication required. Supply ?token=... or ?session=...".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(ws.on_upgrade(move |socket| handle_socket(socket, state)))
+}
+
+async fn handle_socket(socket: WebSocket, state: AppState) {
+    let (mut sender, mut receiver) = socket.split();
+    let mut rx = state.event_tx.subscribe();
+
+    // Spawn background task to stream broadcast events to client
+    let mut send_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        while let Ok(event) = rx.recv().await {
+            if let Ok(json) = serde_json::to_string(&event) {
+                let msg = Message::Text(json.into());
+                if sender.send(msg).await.is_err() {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Client receive loop to handle close/ping/pong
+    let mut recv_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        while let Some(Ok(msg)) = receiver.next().await {
+            if let Message::Close(_) = msg {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // If either task exits, abort the other
+    tokio::select! {
+        _ = (&mut send_task) => recv_task.abort(),
+        _ = (&mut recv_task) => send_task.abort(),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/state.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..772de23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/src/state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//! Application state and WebSocket event bus.
+
+use crate::auth::service::AuthService;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+
+/// Real-time system event broadcasted over WebSocket to connected clients.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type", content = "payload")]
+pub enum SystemEvent {
+    AuditEvent {
+        event_type: AuditEventType,
+        message: Option<String>,
+        resource_type: Option<String>,
+        resource_id: Option<String>,
+    },
+    InterfaceChanged {
+        id: String,
+        action: String,
+    },
+    PeerChanged {
+        id: String,
+        action: String,
+    },
+    PeerHandshake {
+        id: String,
+        last_handshake_at: String,
+    },
+    SettingsChanged {
+        key: String,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Shared application state across HTTP handlers and WebSocket streams.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AppState {
+    pub store: Store,
+    pub auth: AuthService,
+    pub event_tx: broadcast::Sender<SystemEvent>,
+}
+
+impl AppState {
+    /// Create a new AppState instance.
+    pub fn new(store: Store) -> Self {
+        let (event_tx, _) = broadcast::channel(256);
+        let auth = AuthService::new(store.clone());
+        Self {
+            store,
+            auth,
+            event_tx,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Broadcast an event to all connected WebSocket subscribers.
+    pub fn broadcast(&self, event: SystemEvent) {
+        let _ = self.event_tx.send(event);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_auth_subsystem.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_auth_subsystem.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a461533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_auth_subsystem.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+//! Integration tests for Phase 2: Authentication, Admin Bootstrap, Rate Limiting, and Security.
+
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_api::auth::{AuthService, BootstrapOptions, ResolvedSource, bootstrap_admin};
+use nx9_wg_core::config::AppConfig;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_admin_bootstrap_all_sources_and_rejection() {
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+
+    // 1. Bootstrap with explicit CLI password
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+        admin_username: Some("custom_admin".to_string()),
+        cli_password: Some("SecurePassword123!".to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let res = bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap cli");
+    assert_eq!(res.source, ResolvedSource::CliArgument);
+    assert_eq!(res.admin.username, "custom_admin");
+
+    // Re-bootstrap must fail
+    let re_bootstrap = bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts).await;
+    assert!(re_bootstrap.is_err(), "re-bootstrap must be rejected");
+
+    // 2. Bootstrap from password file
+    let store2 = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store2.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let tmp_file = NamedTempFile::new().expect("temp file");
+    std::fs::write(tmp_file.path(), "FileSecretPass999!\n").expect("write secret");
+
+    let opts2 = BootstrapOptions {
+        password_file: Some(tmp_file.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let res2 = bootstrap_admin(&store2, &config, &opts2)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap file");
+    assert_eq!(res2.source, ResolvedSource::PasswordFile);
+    assert_eq!(res2.admin.username, "admin");
+
+    // 3. Bootstrap from generated password
+    let store3 = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store3.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let gen_file = NamedTempFile::new().expect("gen file");
+    let opts3 = BootstrapOptions {
+        generate_password: true,
+        write_password_file: Some(gen_file.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let res3 = bootstrap_admin(&store3, &config, &opts3)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap gen");
+    assert_eq!(res3.source, ResolvedSource::Generated);
+    assert!(res3.generated_plaintext.is_some());
+    let gen_pw = res3.generated_plaintext.unwrap();
+    let written = std::fs::read_to_string(gen_file.path()).expect("read gen");
+    assert_eq!(written, gen_pw);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_auth_service_login_and_rate_limiting() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+        cli_password: Some("AdminSecret123!".to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap");
+
+    let auth = AuthService::new(store);
+
+    // Successful login
+    let session = auth
+        .login(
+            "admin",
+            "AdminSecret123!",
+            Some("192.168.1.50"),
+            Some("TestBrowser/1.0"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("successful login");
+    assert_eq!(session.admin_id, 1);
+    assert_eq!(session.ip_address.as_deref(), Some("192.168.1.50"));
+
+    // Authenticate with valid session
+    let authenticated = auth
+        .authenticate_session(&session.id)
+        .await
+        .expect("authenticate session");
+    assert_eq!(authenticated.id, session.id);
+
+    // Wrong password login fails
+    let fail = auth
+        .login("admin", "WrongPass123!", Some("192.168.1.50"), None)
+        .await;
+    assert!(fail.is_err(), "wrong password must fail");
+
+    // Test rate-limit lockout after 5 failed attempts from same IP
+    let attacker_ip = "10.0.0.99";
+    for _ in 0..5 {
+        let _ = auth
+            .login("admin", "WrongPass123!", Some(attacker_ip), None)
+            .await;
+    }
+
+    // 6th attempt must be rejected with rate limit lockout even with correct password
+    let lockout = auth
+        .login("admin", "AdminSecret123!", Some(attacker_ip), None)
+        .await;
+    assert!(lockout.is_err());
+    let err_msg = lockout.unwrap_err().to_string();
+    assert!(
+        err_msg.contains("rate limited") || err_msg.contains("Too many failed"),
+        "error should indicate rate limit lockout: {err_msg}"
+    );
+
+    // Login from another IP should still succeed
+    let other_ip_login = auth
+        .login("admin", "AdminSecret123!", Some("192.168.1.60"), None)
+        .await;
+    assert!(
+        other_ip_login.is_ok(),
+        "different IP must not be locked out"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_auth_service_password_change_invalidates_sessions() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+        cli_password: Some("OriginalPassword123!".to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap");
+
+    let auth = AuthService::new(store.clone());
+
+    // Create two active sessions
+    let s1 = auth
+        .login("admin", "OriginalPassword123!", Some("1.1.1.1"), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("login 1");
+    let s2 = auth
+        .login("admin", "OriginalPassword123!", Some("2.2.2.2"), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("login 2");
+
+    assert!(auth.authenticate_session(&s1.id).await.is_ok());
+    assert!(auth.authenticate_session(&s2.id).await.is_ok());
+
+    // Change password
+    auth.change_password("NewRotatedPassword456!", Some("1.1.1.1"))
+        .await
+        .expect("change password");
+
+    // Both previous sessions must now be rejected
+    assert!(
+        auth.authenticate_session(&s1.id).await.is_err(),
+        "s1 must be invalidated"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        auth.authenticate_session(&s2.id).await.is_err(),
+        "s2 must be invalidated"
+    );
+
+    // Old password must fail; new password must succeed
+    assert!(
+        auth.login("admin", "OriginalPassword123!", None, None)
+            .await
+            .is_err()
+    );
+    let new_login = auth
+        .login("admin", "NewRotatedPassword456!", None, None)
+        .await
+        .expect("new login");
+    assert!(auth.authenticate_session(&new_login.id).await.is_ok());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_auth_service_api_tokens() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+        cli_password: Some("AdminSecret123!".to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap");
+
+    let auth = AuthService::new(store);
+
+    // Create API token
+    let (token_meta, raw_token) = auth
+        .create_api_token(
+            "Terraform Runner",
+            Some(Utc::now().naive_utc() + Duration::days(7)),
+            Some("10.0.0.1"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("create token");
+    assert!(raw_token.starts_with("nx9_"));
+    assert_eq!(token_meta.name, "Terraform Runner");
+
+    // Authenticate with raw token
+    let authenticated = auth
+        .authenticate_token(&raw_token)
+        .await
+        .expect("authenticate token");
+    assert_eq!(authenticated.id, token_meta.id);
+
+    // Revoke token
+    auth.revoke_api_token(&token_meta.id, Some("10.0.0.1"))
+        .await
+        .expect("revoke");
+
+    // Authenticating revoked token must fail
+    assert!(
+        auth.authenticate_token(&raw_token).await.is_err(),
+        "revoked token must fail authentication"
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_backup_and_restore.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_backup_and_restore.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47f7692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_backup_and_restore.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//! Integration test suite for Backup and Restore engine.
+
+use nx9_wg_api::backup::BackupService;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network;
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_cidr;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use tempfile::tempdir;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_backup_create_verify_and_restore() {
+    let dir = tempdir().expect("create temp dir");
+    let active_db_path = dir.path().join("active.db");
+    let backup_dir = dir.path().join("backups");
+    let safety_dir = dir.path().join("safety");
+
+    let store = Store::connect(&active_db_path.to_string_lossy())
+        .await
+        .expect("connect to db");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("run migrations");
+
+    // Insert test record
+    let net = Network {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "test_lan".to_string(),
+        cidr: validate_cidr("10.50.0.0/24").unwrap(),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("LAN subnet".to_string()),
+        created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+        updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+    };
+    store.create_network(&net).await.expect("create network");
+
+    // Create Backup
+    let (meta, backup_file) = BackupService::create_backup(
+        &store,
+        &backup_dir,
+        Some("Test backup snapshot"),
+        "test_admin",
+        Some("127.0.0.1"),
+    )
+    .await
+    .expect("create backup");
+
+    assert!(backup_file.exists());
+    assert!(meta.size_bytes > 0);
+    assert!(!meta.checksum.is_empty());
+
+    // Verify Backup
+    let is_valid =
+        BackupService::verify_backup(&backup_file, Some(&meta.checksum)).expect("verify backup");
+    assert!(is_valid, "Backup file should be valid SQLite archive");
+
+    // List backups from store
+    let backups = store.list_backups().await.expect("list backups");
+    assert_eq!(backups.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(backups[0].id, meta.id);
+
+    // Modify active DB by adding another network
+    let net2 = Network {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "temporary_lan".to_string(),
+        cidr: validate_cidr("10.99.0.0/24").unwrap(),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: None,
+        created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+        updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+    };
+    store.create_network(&net2).await.expect("create net2");
+    assert_eq!(store.list_networks().await.unwrap().len(), 2);
+
+    // Restore Backup
+    BackupService::restore_backup(
+        &store,
+        &backup_file,
+        &active_db_path,
+        &safety_dir,
+        "test_admin",
+        None,
+    )
+    .await
+    .expect("restore backup");
+
+    // Reopen store to verify restored content
+    let restored_store = Store::connect(&active_db_path.to_string_lossy())
+        .await
+        .expect("reconnect store");
+    let restored_networks = restored_store.list_networks().await.expect("list restored");
+    assert_eq!(restored_networks.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(restored_networks[0].name, "test_lan");
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_client_profiles.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_client_profiles.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b661190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_client_profiles.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+//! Integration tests for Client Profiles REST API endpoints and resolver.
+
+use axum::body::Body;
+use axum::http::{Request, StatusCode};
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_api::state::AppState;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_keypair;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{ClientProfile, ConnectionType, ResolvedClientProfile};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use tower::ServiceExt;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+async fn setup_test_app() -> (axum::Router, AppState, String, Interface, Peer) {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.unwrap();
+    store.migrate().await.unwrap();
+
+    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let hash = nx9_wg_core::crypto::hash_password("adminpassword123").unwrap();
+    store.create_admin("admin", &hash).await.unwrap();
+
+    // Create session token
+    let session = nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Session {
+        id: "test-session-id-12345".to_string(),
+        admin_id: 1,
+        created_at: now,
+        expires_at: now + chrono::Duration::hours(24),
+        last_seen_at: Some(now),
+        ip_address: Some("127.0.0.1".to_string()),
+        user_agent: Some("test-agent".to_string()),
+    };
+    store.create_session(&session).await.unwrap();
+
+    let (srv_priv, srv_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let (peer_priv, peer_pub) = generate_keypair();
+
+    let interface = Interface {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: srv_priv,
+        public_key: srv_pub,
+        listen_port: 51820,
+        address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: Some("1.1.1.1".to_string()),
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    store.create_interface(&interface).await.unwrap();
+
+    let peer = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: interface.id,
+        name: "test-mobile-peer".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: peer_pub,
+        private_key: Some(peer_priv),
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.2/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.2/32").unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    store.create_peer(&peer).await.unwrap();
+
+    let state = AppState::new(store);
+    let app = nx9_wg_api::routes::build_api_router(state.clone());
+
+    (app, state, session.id, interface, peer)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_client_profiles_endpoints() {
+    let (app, _state, session_id, _iface, peer) = setup_test_app().await;
+
+    // 1. List client profiles
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/client-profiles")
+        .header("Cookie", format!("nx9_session={session_id}"))
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let res = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = axum::body::to_bytes(res.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    let profiles: Vec<ClientProfile> = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert!(profiles.len() >= 10);
+
+    // 2. List distinct providers
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/client-profiles/providers")
+        .header("Cookie", format!("nx9_session={session_id}"))
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let res = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = axum::body::to_bytes(res.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    let providers: Vec<String> = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert!(providers.contains(&"tmobile".to_string()));
+    assert!(providers.contains(&"starlink".to_string()));
+
+    // 3. List device categories
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/client-profiles/devices")
+        .header("Cookie", format!("nx9_session={session_id}"))
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let res = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+    // 4. Resolve client profile via POST
+    let resolve_body = serde_json::json!({
+        "connection": "mobile",
+        "device": "android",
+        "nat": "cgnat"
+    });
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri("/api/v1/client-profiles/resolve")
+        .header("Cookie", format!("nx9_session={session_id}"))
+        .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+        .body(Body::from(serde_json::to_vec(&resolve_body).unwrap()))
+        .unwrap();
+    let res = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = axum::body::to_bytes(res.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    let resolved: ResolvedClientProfile = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resolved.mtu, 1280);
+    assert_eq!(resolved.connection_type, ConnectionType::Mobile);
+
+    // 5. Download peer .conf with mobile profile parameters
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri(format!(
+            "/api/v1/peers/{}/config?connection=mobile&device=android",
+            peer.id
+        ))
+        .header("Cookie", format!("nx9_session={session_id}"))
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let res = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = axum::body::to_bytes(res.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    let conf_str = String::from_utf8(body.to_vec()).unwrap();
+    assert!(conf_str.contains("MTU = 1280"));
+    assert!(conf_str.contains("PersistentKeepalive = 25"));
+
+    // 6. Get QR code with CGNAT profile parameters
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri(format!("/api/v1/peers/{}/qr?nat=cgnat", peer.id))
+        .header("Cookie", format!("nx9_session={session_id}"))
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let res = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = axum::body::to_bytes(res.into_body(), usize::MAX)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    let qr_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert!(qr_json["svg"].as_str().unwrap().contains("<svg"));
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_reconciliation_subsystem.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_reconciliation_subsystem.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..783ce45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_reconciliation_subsystem.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//! Integration test suite for Reconciliation Engine.
+
+use nx9_wg_api::reconciliation::ReconciliationEngine;
+use nx9_wg_api::state::AppState;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_keypair;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface;
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_cidr;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use nx9_wg_network::SimulatedNetworkEngine;
+use nx9_wireguard::{SimulatedWireGuardEngine, WireGuardEngine};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tempfile::tempdir;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_reconciliation_engine_drift_detection_and_apply() {
+    let dir = tempdir().expect("create temp dir");
+    let db_path = dir.path().join("reconcile.db");
+    let store = Store::connect(&db_path.to_string_lossy())
+        .await
+        .expect("connect to db");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("run migrations");
+
+    let state = AppState::new(store.clone());
+    let wg_engine = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+    let net_engine = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+    let reconciler = ReconciliationEngine::new(state, wg_engine.clone(), net_engine.clone());
+
+    // 1. Create desired interface in SQLite
+    let (priv_key, pub_key) = generate_keypair();
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: priv_key,
+        public_key: pub_key,
+        listen_port: 51820,
+        address_v4: validate_cidr("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: None,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+        updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+    };
+    store
+        .create_interface(&iface)
+        .await
+        .expect("create interface");
+
+    // 2. Compute plan: should detect missing wg0 in kernel
+    let plan = reconciler.plan().await.expect("compute plan");
+    assert!(plan.has_drift);
+    assert_eq!(plan.interface_changes, 1);
+    assert!(!plan.actions.is_empty());
+
+    // 3. Apply reconciliation
+    let report = reconciler.apply().await.expect("apply plan");
+    assert!(report.success);
+    assert!(report.executed_actions > 0);
+
+    // 4. Verify live WireGuard interface state
+    let live_stats = wg_engine.get_interface_stats("wg0").await.unwrap();
+    assert!(live_stats.is_some());
+    let stats = live_stats.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(stats.name, "wg0");
+    assert_eq!(stats.listen_port, 51820);
+
+    // 5. Verify audit event was logged
+    let audits = store
+        .list_audit_events(&nx9_wg_db::AuditFilter::default(), 10, 0)
+        .await
+        .expect("list audits");
+    assert!(!audits.is_empty());
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_rest_api.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_rest_api.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2636f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_rest_api.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+use axum::body::{Body, to_bytes};
+use axum::http::{Request, StatusCode, header};
+use nx9_wg_api::auth::{BootstrapOptions, bootstrap_admin};
+use nx9_wg_api::routes::build_api_router;
+use nx9_wg_api::state::AppState;
+use nx9_wg_core::config::AppConfig;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use tower::ServiceExt;
+
+async fn setup_test_app() -> (axum::Router, String) {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect in-memory");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+        cli_password: Some("AdminSecret123!".to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts)
+        .await
+        .expect("bootstrap");
+
+    let state = AppState::new(store);
+    let app = build_api_router(state.clone());
+
+    // Login to get session ID
+    let login_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri("/api/v1/auth/login")
+        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+        .body(Body::from(
+            json!({
+                "username": "admin",
+                "password": "AdminSecret123!"
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        ))
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(login_req).await.expect("login request");
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+    let cookie_header = resp
+        .headers()
+        .get(header::SET_COOKIE)
+        .expect("set-cookie")
+        .to_str()
+        .unwrap();
+    let session_cookie = cookie_header.split(';').next().unwrap().to_string();
+
+    (app, session_cookie)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_public_health_and_version_endpoints() {
+    let (app, _) = setup_test_app().await;
+
+    // Health
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/system/health")
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX).await.unwrap();
+    let val: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(val["status"], "healthy");
+    assert_eq!(val["database"], "connected");
+
+    // Version
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/system/version")
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX).await.unwrap();
+    let val: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(val["name"], "nx9-wg");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_protected_route_unauthenticated_rejection() {
+    let (app, _) = setup_test_app().await;
+
+    // Request protected route without auth
+    let req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/system")
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.oneshot(req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_interfaces_and_peers_rest_lifecycle() {
+    let (app, cookie) = setup_test_app().await;
+
+    // 1. Create interface
+    let create_iface_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri("/api/v1/interfaces")
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+        .body(Body::from(
+            json!({
+                "name": "wg0",
+                "listen_port": 51820,
+                "address_v4": "10.0.0.1/24",
+                "dns": "1.1.1.1"
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        ))
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(create_iface_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX).await.unwrap();
+    let iface_val: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    let iface_id = iface_val["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(iface_val["name"], "wg0");
+
+    // 2. List interfaces
+    let list_req = Request::builder()
+        .uri("/api/v1/interfaces")
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(list_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+    // 3. Create peer under interface
+    let create_peer_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri(format!("/api/v1/interfaces/{iface_id}/peers"))
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+        .body(Body::from(
+            json!({
+                "name": "laptop-alice",
+                "peer_type": "road_warrior",
+                "profile": "full_tunnel",
+                "allowed_ips": "10.0.0.2/32"
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        ))
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(create_peer_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX).await.unwrap();
+    let peer_val: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    let peer_id = peer_val["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(peer_val["name"], "laptop-alice");
+
+    // 4. Disable peer
+    let disable_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri(format!("/api/v1/peers/{peer_id}/disable"))
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(disable_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+    // 5. Get peer and verify state
+    let get_peer_req = Request::builder()
+        .uri(format!("/api/v1/peers/{peer_id}"))
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(get_peer_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX).await.unwrap();
+    let peer_val: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(peer_val["state"], "disabled");
+
+    // 6. Delete interface (cascades peer)
+    let del_iface_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("DELETE")
+        .uri(format!("/api/v1/interfaces/{iface_id}"))
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .body(Body::empty())
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(del_iface_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_networks_and_firewall_rest_lifecycle() {
+    let (app, cookie) = setup_test_app().await;
+
+    // Create network
+    let net_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri("/api/v1/networks")
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+        .body(Body::from(
+            json!({
+                "name": "Management Network",
+                "cidr": "10.10.0.0/16",
+                "description": "Internal management"
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        ))
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(net_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+    // Create firewall rule
+    let fw_req = Request::builder()
+        .method("POST")
+        .uri("/api/v1/firewall/rules")
+        .header(header::COOKIE, &cookie)
+        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+        .body(Body::from(
+            json!({
+                "name": "Allow HTTPS",
+                "direction": "in",
+                "action": "accept",
+                "protocol": "tcp",
+                "destination_port": 443,
+                "priority": 10
+            })
+            .to_string(),
+        ))
+        .unwrap();
+    let resp = app.clone().oneshot(fw_req).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    let body = to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX).await.unwrap();
+    let rule_val: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rule_val["name"], "Allow HTTPS");
+    assert_eq!(rule_val["priority"], 10);
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_ui_endpoints.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_ui_endpoints.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5668a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_ui_endpoints.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+//! Integration tests for embedded Web UI SPA and static asset endpoints.
+
+use axum::body::to_bytes;
+use axum::http::{Request, StatusCode};
+use nx9_wg_api::routes::build_api_router;
+use nx9_wg_api::state::AppState;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use tower::ServiceExt;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_ui_spa_index_and_stylesheet_endpoints() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect store");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate store");
+    let state = AppState::new(store);
+    let app = build_api_router(state);
+
+    // 1. Test GET / (Root SPA Index)
+    let res = app
+        .clone()
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/")
+                .body(axum::body::Body::empty())
+                .unwrap(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("execute request");
+
+    assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(
+        res.headers()
+            .get(axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap(),
+        "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    );
+
+    let body_bytes = to_bytes(res.into_body(), 1024 * 1024).await.unwrap();
+    let html = String::from_utf8_lossy(&body_bytes);
+    assert!(html.contains("nx9-wg — Native WireGuard Appliance"));
+    assert!(html.contains("NX9"));
+    assert!(html.contains("id=\"app-layout\""));
+    assert!(html.contains("id=\"sidebar\""));
+    assert!(html.contains("Dashboard"));
+    assert!(html.contains("Peers"));
+    assert!(html.contains("Diagnostics"));
+    assert!(html.contains("Administrator"));
+
+    // 2. Test GET /ui (Alias)
+    let res_ui = app
+        .clone()
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/ui")
+                .body(axum::body::Body::empty())
+                .unwrap(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("execute request");
+
+    assert_eq!(res_ui.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+    // 3. Test GET /assets/style.css (Compiled CSS)
+    let res_css = app
+        .oneshot(
+            Request::builder()
+                .uri("/assets/style.css")
+                .body(axum::body::Body::empty())
+                .unwrap(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("execute request");
+
+    assert_eq!(res_css.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(
+        res_css
+            .headers()
+            .get(axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap(),
+        "text/css; charset=utf-8"
+    );
+
+    let css_bytes = to_bytes(res_css.into_body(), 1024 * 1024).await.unwrap();
+    let css = String::from_utf8_lossy(&css_bytes);
+    assert!(css.contains("--bg-base: #0d1117;"));
+    assert!(css.contains("[data-theme=\"dark\"]"));
+    assert!(css.contains("[data-theme=\"light\"]"));
+    assert!(css.contains(".status-pass"));
+    assert!(css.contains(".status-fail"));
+    assert!(css.contains("@media (max-width: 768px)"));
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_wiregui_capabilities.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_wiregui_capabilities.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00d8250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-api/tests/test_wiregui_capabilities.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_api::{AppState, DiagnosticsService, IpAllocator, ReconciliationEngine};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::diagnostics::DiagnosticSubsystem;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{
+    Interface, Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType, WireGuardPrivateKey, WireGuardPublicKey,
+};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use nx9_wg_network::{NetworkEngine, SimulatedNetworkEngine};
+use nx9_wireguard::{SimulatedWireGuardEngine, WireGuardEngine};
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+async fn setup_test_context() -> (
+    AppState,
+    Arc<SimulatedWireGuardEngine>,
+    Arc<SimulatedNetworkEngine>,
+    Arc<ReconciliationEngine>,
+) {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect DB");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate DB");
+
+    let state = AppState::new(store);
+    let wg_engine = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+    let net_engine = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+    let reconciler = Arc::new(ReconciliationEngine::new(
+        state.clone(),
+        wg_engine.clone(),
+        net_engine.clone(),
+    ));
+
+    (state, wg_engine, net_engine, reconciler)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_automatic_ip_allocation() {
+    let (state, _, _, _) = setup_test_context().await;
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let net_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let network = Network {
+        id: net_id,
+        name: "Test-V4-Subnet".to_string(),
+        cidr: "10.50.0.0/24".parse().unwrap(),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_network(&network)
+        .await
+        .expect("create net");
+
+    let iface_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: iface_id,
+        name: "wg50".to_string(),
+        private_key: WireGuardPrivateKey::new(
+            "cGFzc3dvcmRkZXZlbG9wbWVudGtleTEyMzQ1Njc4OTAxMg==".to_string(),
+        ),
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "cHVibGlja2V5ZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnRrZXkxMjM0NTY3ODkwMTI=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        listen_port: 51850,
+        address_v4: "10.50.0.1/24".parse().unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: None,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_interface(&iface)
+        .await
+        .expect("create iface");
+
+    // First allocation: 10.50.0.1 is interface -> next available is 10.50.0.2/32
+    let ip1 = IpAllocator::allocate_next_ip(&state.store, &network, Some(&iface), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("allocate ip1");
+    assert_eq!(ip1.to_string(), "10.50.0.2/32");
+
+    // Create a peer with this allocated IP
+    let peer1 = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "peer-1".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "peer1pubkey12345678901234567890123456789012=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: ip1.to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some(ip1),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state.store.create_peer(&peer1).await.expect("create peer1");
+
+    // Second allocation: next should be 10.50.0.3/32
+    let ip2 = IpAllocator::allocate_next_ip(&state.store, &network, Some(&iface), None)
+        .await
+        .expect("allocate ip2");
+    assert_eq!(ip2.to_string(), "10.50.0.3/32");
+
+    // List available IPs: first should be 10.50.0.3
+    let available = IpAllocator::list_available_ips(&state.store, &network, Some(&iface), 5)
+        .await
+        .expect("list available");
+    assert_eq!(available.len(), 5);
+    assert_eq!(available[0], "10.50.0.3".parse::<IpAddr>().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(available[1], "10.50.0.4".parse::<IpAddr>().unwrap());
+
+    // List allocations: should show peer1
+    let allocs = IpAllocator::list_allocations(&state.store, &network)
+        .await
+        .expect("list allocs");
+    assert_eq!(allocs.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(allocs[0].ip_address, "10.50.0.2/32");
+    assert_eq!(allocs[0].peer_name.as_deref(), Some("peer-1"));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_peer_expiration_lifecycle() {
+    let (state, wg_engine, _net_engine, reconciler) = setup_test_context().await;
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let iface_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: iface_id,
+        name: "wg60".to_string(),
+        private_key: WireGuardPrivateKey::new(
+            "cGFzc3dvcmRkZXZlbG9wbWVudGtleTEyMzQ1Njc4OTAxMg==".to_string(),
+        ),
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "cHVibGlja2V5ZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnRrZXkxMjM0NTY3ODkwMTI=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        listen_port: 51860,
+        address_v4: "10.60.0.1/24".parse().unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: None,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_interface(&iface)
+        .await
+        .expect("create iface");
+
+    // Peer with expiration in the past
+    let expired_peer_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let expired_peer = Peer {
+        id: expired_peer_id,
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "expired-peer".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active, // marked active initially
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "expiredpubkey123456789012345678901234567890=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.60.0.5/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some("10.60.0.5/32".parse().unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: Some(now - Duration::hours(1)), // expired 1 hour ago
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_peer(&expired_peer)
+        .await
+        .expect("create peer");
+
+    // Active peer without expiration
+    let active_peer_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let active_peer = Peer {
+        id: active_peer_id,
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "active-peer".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "activepubkey1234567890123456789012345678901=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.60.0.6/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some("10.60.0.6/32".parse().unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: Some(now + Duration::days(30)),
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_peer(&active_peer)
+        .await
+        .expect("create peer");
+
+    // Run reconciliation sweep
+    let swept = reconciler.sweep_expired_peers().await.expect("sweep");
+    assert_eq!(swept, 1);
+
+    // Verify expired_peer transitioned to Expired
+    let p1 = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(expired_peer_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(p1.state, PeerState::Expired);
+
+    // Verify active_peer remains Active
+    let p2 = state
+        .store
+        .get_peer(active_peer_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(p2.state, PeerState::Active);
+
+    // Reconcile apply ensures only active peers are synced to WireGuard kernel engine
+    let rep = reconciler.apply().await.expect("apply");
+    assert!(rep.success);
+
+    let stats = wg_engine
+        .get_interface_stats("wg60")
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .unwrap();
+    // Only active peer should be live in interface
+    assert_eq!(stats.peers.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(stats.peers[0].public_key, active_peer.public_key.as_str());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_peer_firewall_and_port_ranges() {
+    let (state, _, net_engine, reconciler) = setup_test_context().await;
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let iface_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: iface_id,
+        name: "wg70".to_string(),
+        private_key: WireGuardPrivateKey::new(
+            "cGFzc3dvcmRkZXZlbG9wbWVudGtleTEyMzQ1Njc4OTAxMg==".to_string(),
+        ),
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "cHVibGlja2V5ZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnRrZXkxMjM0NTY3ODkwMTI=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        listen_port: 51870,
+        address_v4: "10.70.0.1/24".parse().unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: None,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_interface(&iface)
+        .await
+        .expect("create iface");
+
+    let peer_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let peer = Peer {
+        id: peer_id,
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "dev-peer".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "devpeerpubkey1234567890123456789012345678901=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.70.0.10/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some("10.70.0.10/32".parse().unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state.store.create_peer(&peer).await.expect("create peer");
+
+    // Peer-specific rule with multi-port and TCP/UDP protocol
+    let rule = FirewallRule {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "Allow Dev Ports".to_string(),
+        interface_id: Some(iface_id),
+        peer_id: Some(peer_id),
+        direction: FirewallDirection::Forward,
+        action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::TcpUdp,
+        source: None,
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: None,
+        port_range: Some("8000-8100".to_string()),
+        priority: 10,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("Peer port range".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    state
+        .store
+        .create_firewall_rule(&rule)
+        .await
+        .expect("create rule");
+
+    // Apply reconciliation to compile ruleset
+    reconciler.apply().await.expect("apply");
+
+    let ruleset = net_engine
+        .get_active_nftables_ruleset()
+        .await
+        .expect("get ruleset");
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("table inet nx9_wg"));
+    // Resolved peer IP 10.70.0.10, protocol meta l4proto { tcp, udp }, and port range 8000-8100
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("ip saddr 10.70.0.10"));
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("meta l4proto { tcp, udp }"));
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("th dport 8000-8100 accept"));
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_native_diagnostics_subsystem() {
+    let (state, wg_engine, net_engine, reconciler) = setup_test_context().await;
+    let diag = DiagnosticsService::new(state, wg_engine, net_engine, reconciler);
+
+    let all_reports = diag.diagnose_all().await.expect("diagnose all");
+    assert!(!all_reports.is_empty());
+
+    let sys_report = diag
+        .run_diagnostic(DiagnosticSubsystem::System, None)
+        .await
+        .expect("diag system");
+    assert_eq!(sys_report.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(sys_report[0].subsystem, "system");
+
+    let fwd_report = diag
+        .run_diagnostic(DiagnosticSubsystem::Forwarding, None)
+        .await
+        .expect("diag fwd");
+    assert_eq!(fwd_report.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(fwd_report[0].subsystem, "forwarding");
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/Cargo.toml b/crates/nx9-wg-core/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719a4eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wg-core"
+description = "Core domain types, configuration, and utilities for nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+toml.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+argon2.workspace = true
+x25519-dalek.workspace = true
+rand.workspace = true
+base64.workspace = true
+sha2.workspace = true
+ipnet.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/config.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24cb141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//! Application configuration.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct AppConfig {
+    pub data_dir: PathBuf,
+    pub config_file: PathBuf,
+    pub bind_address: SocketAddr,
+    pub log_level: String,
+    pub session_expiry_hours: u64,
+    pub reconciliation_interval_secs: u64,
+    pub backup: BackupConfig,
+    pub bootstrap: Option<BootstrapConfig>,
+    pub admin: Option<AdminConfig>,
+}
+
+impl Default for AppConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            data_dir: PathBuf::from("/var/lib/nx9-wg"),
+            config_file: PathBuf::from("/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml"),
+            bind_address: "127.0.0.1:8080".parse().unwrap(),
+            log_level: "info".to_string(),
+            session_expiry_hours: 24,
+            reconciliation_interval_secs: 60,
+            backup: BackupConfig::default(),
+            bootstrap: None,
+            admin: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct BackupConfig {
+    pub dir: PathBuf,
+    pub max_count: usize,
+    pub schedule: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for BackupConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dir: PathBuf::from("/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups"),
+            max_count: 5,
+            schedule: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct BootstrapConfig {
+    pub admin_username: Option<String>,
+    pub admin_password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BootstrapConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("BootstrapConfig")
+            .field("admin_username", &self.admin_username)
+            .field(
+                "admin_password",
+                &self.admin_password.as_ref().map(|_| "[REDACTED]"),
+            )
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct AdminConfig {
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    pub password_hash: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for AdminConfig {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("AdminConfig")
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field(
+                "password_hash",
+                &self.password_hash.as_ref().map(|_| "[REDACTED]"),
+            )
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl AppConfig {
+    /// Load configuration from a TOML file, falling back to defaults, then overlaying `NX9_WG_` environment variables.
+    pub fn load(path: &std::path::Path) -> crate::error::Result<Self> {
+        let mut config = if path.exists() {
+            let content = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+            toml::from_str(&content).map_err(|e| crate::error::Nx9Error::Config(e.to_string()))?
+        } else {
+            Self::default()
+        };
+        config.apply_env_overrides()?;
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    /// Apply `NX9_WG_` environment variable overrides to this configuration instance.
+    pub fn apply_env_overrides(&mut self) -> crate::error::Result<()> {
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_DATA_DIR") {
+            self.data_dir = PathBuf::from(val);
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_CONFIG") {
+            self.config_file = PathBuf::from(val);
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) =
+            std::env::var("NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR").or_else(|_| std::env::var("NX9_WG_BIND_ADDRESS"))
+        {
+            self.bind_address = val.parse().map_err(|e| {
+                crate::error::Nx9Error::Config(format!("invalid NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR '{val}': {e}"))
+            })?;
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL") {
+            self.log_level = val;
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT")
+            .or_else(|_| std::env::var("NX9_WG_SESSION_EXPIRY_HOURS"))
+        {
+            self.session_expiry_hours = val.parse().map_err(|e| {
+                crate::error::Nx9Error::Config(format!(
+                    "invalid NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT '{val}': {e}"
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL")
+            .or_else(|_| std::env::var("NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL_SECS"))
+        {
+            self.reconciliation_interval_secs = val.parse().map_err(|e| {
+                crate::error::Nx9Error::Config(format!(
+                    "invalid NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL '{val}': {e}"
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_DIR") {
+            self.backup.dir = PathBuf::from(val);
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_MAX_COUNT") {
+            self.backup.max_count = val.parse().map_err(|e| {
+                crate::error::Nx9Error::Config(format!(
+                    "invalid NX9_WG_BACKUP_MAX_COUNT '{val}': {e}"
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+        if let Ok(val) = std::env::var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_SCHEDULE") {
+            self.backup.schedule = Some(val);
+        }
+
+        // Bootstrap environment variables
+        let env_user = std::env::var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME").ok();
+        let env_pass = std::env::var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD").ok();
+        if env_user.is_some() || env_pass.is_some() {
+            let mut boot = self.bootstrap.take().unwrap_or(BootstrapConfig {
+                admin_username: None,
+                admin_password: None,
+            });
+            if let Some(u) = env_user {
+                boot.admin_username = Some(u);
+            }
+            if let Some(p) = env_pass {
+                boot.admin_password = Some(p);
+            }
+            self.bootstrap = Some(boot);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_default_config() {
+        let cfg = AppConfig::default();
+        assert_eq!(cfg.log_level, "info");
+        assert_eq!(cfg.session_expiry_hours, 24);
+        assert_eq!(cfg.reconciliation_interval_secs, 60);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_secret_redaction_in_debug() {
+        let boot = BootstrapConfig {
+            admin_username: Some("admin".to_string()),
+            admin_password: Some("supersecret123".to_string()),
+        };
+        let debug_str = format!("{boot:?}");
+        assert!(!debug_str.contains("supersecret123"));
+        assert!(debug_str.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+
+        let admin = AdminConfig {
+            username: Some("admin".to_string()),
+            password_hash: Some("$argon2id$...".to_string()),
+        };
+        let debug_str = format!("{admin:?}");
+        assert!(!debug_str.contains("$argon2id$..."));
+        assert!(debug_str.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_env_overrides_application() {
+        let mut cfg = AppConfig::default();
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_DATA_DIR", "/tmp/nx9_test_data");
+            std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL", "debug");
+            std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT", "48");
+        }
+
+        cfg.apply_env_overrides().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(cfg.data_dir, PathBuf::from("/tmp/nx9_test_data"));
+        assert_eq!(cfg.log_level, "debug");
+        assert_eq!(cfg.session_expiry_hours, 48);
+
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_DATA_DIR");
+            std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL");
+            std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/crypto.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/crypto.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c18a5e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/crypto.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+//! Cryptographic utilities.
+
+use crate::error::{Nx9Error, Result};
+use crate::types::wireguard::{WireGuardPresharedKey, WireGuardPrivateKey, WireGuardPublicKey};
+
+/// Hash a password with Argon2id. Returns the PHC-formatted hash string.
+pub fn hash_password(password: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    use argon2::Argon2;
+    use argon2::password_hash::rand_core::OsRng;
+    use argon2::password_hash::{PasswordHasher, SaltString};
+    let salt = SaltString::generate(&mut OsRng);
+    let argon2 = Argon2::default();
+    argon2
+        .hash_password(password.as_bytes(), &salt)
+        .map(|h| h.to_string())
+        .map_err(|e| Nx9Error::Crypto(format!("password hashing failed: {}", e)))
+}
+
+/// Verify a password against an Argon2id PHC hash string.
+pub fn verify_password(password: &str, hash: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+    use argon2::Argon2;
+    use argon2::password_hash::{PasswordHash, PasswordVerifier};
+    let parsed_hash = PasswordHash::new(hash)
+        .map_err(|e| Nx9Error::Crypto(format!("invalid password hash: {}", e)))?;
+    Ok(Argon2::default()
+        .verify_password(password.as_bytes(), &parsed_hash)
+        .is_ok())
+}
+
+/// Generate a WireGuard key pair (x25519).
+pub fn generate_keypair() -> (WireGuardPrivateKey, WireGuardPublicKey) {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    use base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD;
+    use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+    use x25519_dalek::{PublicKey, StaticSecret};
+    let secret = StaticSecret::random_from_rng(OsRng);
+    let public = PublicKey::from(&secret);
+    let priv_b64 = STANDARD.encode(secret.to_bytes());
+    let pub_b64 = STANDARD.encode(public.as_bytes());
+    (
+        WireGuardPrivateKey::new(priv_b64),
+        WireGuardPublicKey::new(pub_b64),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Generate a WireGuard preshared key (32 random bytes, base64).
+pub fn generate_preshared_key() -> WireGuardPresharedKey {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    use base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD;
+    use rand::RngCore;
+    let mut key = [0u8; 32];
+    rand::rngs::OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut key);
+    WireGuardPresharedKey::new(STANDARD.encode(key))
+}
+
+/// Generate a session ID (UUID v4).
+pub fn generate_session_id() -> String {
+    uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string()
+}
+
+/// Generate an API token. Returns (plaintext_token, sha256_hex_hash).
+pub fn generate_api_token() -> (String, String) {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    use base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
+    use rand::RngCore;
+    use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+    let mut token_bytes = [0u8; 32];
+    rand::rngs::OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut token_bytes);
+    let plaintext = format!("nx9_{}", URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(token_bytes));
+    let hash_bytes = Sha256::digest(plaintext.as_bytes());
+    let hash = hash_bytes
+        .iter()
+        .map(|b| format!("{:02x}", b))
+        .collect::<String>();
+    (plaintext, hash)
+}
+
+/// Generate a cryptographically secure random password.
+pub fn generate_secure_password(length: usize) -> String {
+    use rand::Rng;
+    const CHARSET: &[u8] =
+        b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!@#$%^&*-_=+";
+    let mut rng = rand::rngs::OsRng;
+    (0..length)
+        .map(|_| {
+            let idx = rng.gen_range(0..CHARSET.len());
+            CHARSET[idx] as char
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_password_hashing() {
+        let password = "my_secure_password";
+        let hash = hash_password(password).unwrap();
+        assert!(verify_password(password, &hash).unwrap());
+        assert!(!verify_password("wrong_password", &hash).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_keypair() {
+        let (priv_key, pub_key) = generate_keypair();
+        assert!(!priv_key.as_str().is_empty());
+        assert!(!pub_key.as_str().is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_api_token() {
+        let (token, hash) = generate_api_token();
+        assert!(token.starts_with("nx9_"));
+        assert_eq!(hash.len(), 64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_secure_password() {
+        let pw = generate_secure_password(16);
+        assert_eq!(pw.len(), 16);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/error.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c95392e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//! Error types for nx9-wg.
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Nx9Error {
+    /// Validation error
+    #[error("Validation error: {0}")]
+    Validation(String),
+    /// Database error
+    #[error("Database error: {0}")]
+    Database(String),
+    /// WireGuard error
+    #[error("WireGuard error: {0}")]
+    WireGuard(String),
+    /// Network error
+    #[error("Network error: {0}")]
+    Network(String),
+    /// Authentication error
+    #[error("Auth error: {0}")]
+    Auth(String),
+    /// Cryptography error
+    #[error("Crypto error: {0}")]
+    Crypto(String),
+    /// Backup error
+    #[error("Backup error: {0}")]
+    Backup(String),
+    /// Configuration error
+    #[error("Config error: {0}")]
+    Config(String),
+    /// I/O error
+    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+    /// Internal error
+    #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
+    Internal(String),
+}
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Nx9Error>;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/lib.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23340a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//! Core domain types, configuration, and utilities for nx9-wg.
+
+pub mod config;
+pub mod crypto;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod types;
+pub mod validation;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/audit.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/audit.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f8874f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/audit.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+//! Audit types.
+
+use crate::error::Nx9Error;
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum AuditEventType {
+    Login,
+    Logout,
+    LoginFailed,
+    AdminInitialized,
+    PasswordChange,
+    TotpChange,
+    ApiTokenCreate,
+    ApiTokenRevoke,
+    InterfaceCreate,
+    InterfaceUpdate,
+    InterfaceDelete,
+    InterfaceEnable,
+    InterfaceDisable,
+    PeerCreate,
+    PeerUpdate,
+    PeerDelete,
+    PeerEnable,
+    PeerDisable,
+    PeerRevoke,
+    PeerExpire,
+    PeerRotateKeys,
+    NetworkCreate,
+    NetworkUpdate,
+    NetworkDelete,
+    RouteCreate,
+    RouteUpdate,
+    RouteDelete,
+    RouteEnable,
+    RouteDisable,
+    FirewallCreate,
+    FirewallUpdate,
+    FirewallDelete,
+    BackupCreate,
+    BackupRestore,
+    BackupDelete,
+    SessionInvalidated,
+    SettingsUpdate,
+    ReconciliationRun,
+    ReconciliationFailed,
+    ImportCompleted,
+}
+
+impl AuditEventType {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Login => "login",
+            Self::Logout => "logout",
+            Self::LoginFailed => "login_failed",
+            Self::AdminInitialized => "admin_initialized",
+            Self::PasswordChange => "password_change",
+            Self::TotpChange => "totp_change",
+            Self::ApiTokenCreate => "api_token_create",
+            Self::ApiTokenRevoke => "api_token_revoke",
+            Self::InterfaceCreate => "interface_create",
+            Self::InterfaceUpdate => "interface_update",
+            Self::InterfaceDelete => "interface_delete",
+            Self::InterfaceEnable => "interface_enable",
+            Self::InterfaceDisable => "interface_disable",
+            Self::PeerCreate => "peer_create",
+            Self::PeerUpdate => "peer_update",
+            Self::PeerDelete => "peer_delete",
+            Self::PeerEnable => "peer_enable",
+            Self::PeerDisable => "peer_disable",
+            Self::PeerRevoke => "peer_revoke",
+            Self::PeerExpire => "peer_expire",
+            Self::PeerRotateKeys => "peer_rotate_keys",
+            Self::NetworkCreate => "network_create",
+            Self::NetworkUpdate => "network_update",
+            Self::NetworkDelete => "network_delete",
+            Self::RouteCreate => "route_create",
+            Self::RouteUpdate => "route_update",
+            Self::RouteDelete => "route_delete",
+            Self::RouteEnable => "route_enable",
+            Self::RouteDisable => "route_disable",
+            Self::FirewallCreate => "firewall_create",
+            Self::FirewallUpdate => "firewall_update",
+            Self::FirewallDelete => "firewall_delete",
+            Self::BackupCreate => "backup_create",
+            Self::BackupRestore => "backup_restore",
+            Self::BackupDelete => "backup_delete",
+            Self::SessionInvalidated => "session_invalidated",
+            Self::SettingsUpdate => "settings_update",
+            Self::ReconciliationRun => "reconciliation_run",
+            Self::ReconciliationFailed => "reconciliation_failed",
+            Self::ImportCompleted => "import_completed",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for AuditEventType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for AuditEventType {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let v = match s {
+            "login" => Self::Login,
+            "logout" => Self::Logout,
+            "login_failed" => Self::LoginFailed,
+            "admin_initialized" => Self::AdminInitialized,
+            "password_change" => Self::PasswordChange,
+            "totp_change" => Self::TotpChange,
+            "api_token_create" => Self::ApiTokenCreate,
+            "api_token_revoke" => Self::ApiTokenRevoke,
+            "interface_create" => Self::InterfaceCreate,
+            "interface_update" => Self::InterfaceUpdate,
+            "interface_delete" => Self::InterfaceDelete,
+            "interface_enable" => Self::InterfaceEnable,
+            "interface_disable" => Self::InterfaceDisable,
+            "peer_create" => Self::PeerCreate,
+            "peer_update" => Self::PeerUpdate,
+            "peer_delete" => Self::PeerDelete,
+            "peer_enable" => Self::PeerEnable,
+            "peer_disable" => Self::PeerDisable,
+            "peer_revoke" => Self::PeerRevoke,
+            "peer_expire" => Self::PeerExpire,
+            "peer_rotate_keys" => Self::PeerRotateKeys,
+            "network_create" => Self::NetworkCreate,
+            "network_update" => Self::NetworkUpdate,
+            "network_delete" => Self::NetworkDelete,
+            "route_create" => Self::RouteCreate,
+            "route_update" => Self::RouteUpdate,
+            "route_delete" => Self::RouteDelete,
+            "route_enable" => Self::RouteEnable,
+            "route_disable" => Self::RouteDisable,
+            "firewall_create" => Self::FirewallCreate,
+            "firewall_update" => Self::FirewallUpdate,
+            "firewall_delete" => Self::FirewallDelete,
+            "backup_create" => Self::BackupCreate,
+            "backup_restore" => Self::BackupRestore,
+            "backup_delete" => Self::BackupDelete,
+            "session_invalidated" => Self::SessionInvalidated,
+            "settings_update" => Self::SettingsUpdate,
+            "reconciliation_run" => Self::ReconciliationRun,
+            "reconciliation_failed" => Self::ReconciliationFailed,
+            "import_completed" => Self::ImportCompleted,
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                    "invalid AuditEventType: {}",
+                    s
+                )));
+            }
+        };
+        Ok(v)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct AuditEvent {
+    pub id: i64,
+    pub event_type: AuditEventType,
+    pub actor: String,
+    pub resource_type: Option<String>,
+    pub resource_id: Option<String>,
+    pub message: Option<String>,
+    pub metadata: Option<String>,
+    pub ip_address: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_audit_event_type_roundtrip() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            AuditEventType::from_str("login").unwrap(),
+            AuditEventType::Login
+        );
+        assert_eq!(AuditEventType::Login.to_string(), "login");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/auth.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/auth.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c653e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/auth.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+//! Authentication types.
+
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Admin {
+    pub id: i64,
+    pub username: String,
+    pub password_hash: String,
+    pub totp_secret: Option<String>,
+    pub totp_enabled: bool,
+    pub last_login_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub last_login_ip: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for Admin {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Admin")
+            .field("id", &self.id)
+            .field("username", &self.username)
+            .field("password_hash", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field(
+                "totp_secret",
+                &self.totp_secret.as_ref().map(|_| "[REDACTED]"),
+            )
+            .field("totp_enabled", &self.totp_enabled)
+            .field("last_login_at", &self.last_login_at)
+            .field("last_login_ip", &self.last_login_ip)
+            .field("created_at", &self.created_at)
+            .field("updated_at", &self.updated_at)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Session {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub admin_id: i64,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub expires_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub last_seen_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub ip_address: Option<String>,
+    pub user_agent: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ApiToken {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub admin_id: i64,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub token_hash: String,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub last_used_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub revoked_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub revoked: bool,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for ApiToken {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("ApiToken")
+            .field("id", &self.id)
+            .field("admin_id", &self.admin_id)
+            .field("name", &self.name)
+            .field("token_hash", &"[REDACTED]")
+            .field("created_at", &self.created_at)
+            .field("expires_at", &self.expires_at)
+            .field("last_used_at", &self.last_used_at)
+            .field("revoked_at", &self.revoked_at)
+            .field("revoked", &self.revoked)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LoginAttempt {
+    pub id: i64,
+    pub ip_address: String,
+    pub attempted_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub success: bool,
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/backup.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/backup.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccd018e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/backup.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//! Backup types.
+
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct BackupManifest {
+    pub version: String,
+    pub schema_version: String,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub checksum: String,
+    pub encrypted: bool,
+    pub files: Vec<BackupFileEntry>,
+    pub notes: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct BackupFileEntry {
+    pub path: String,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+    pub checksum: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct BackupMeta {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub filename: String,
+    pub size_bytes: i64,
+    pub checksum: String,
+    pub schema_version: String,
+    pub encrypted: bool,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/client_profile.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/client_profile.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..932fcc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/client_profile.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+//! Client environment and MTU profile domain models.
+
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Connection environment type for client profiles.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum ConnectionType {
+    Web,
+    Mobile,
+    Wifi,
+    Wired,
+    Other,
+}
+
+impl ConnectionType {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Web => "web",
+            Self::Mobile => "mobile",
+            Self::Wifi => "wifi",
+            Self::Wired => "wired",
+            Self::Other => "other",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for ConnectionType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for ConnectionType {
+    type Err = crate::error::Nx9Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.trim().to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "web" => Ok(Self::Web),
+            "mobile" | "cellular" | "lte" | "5g" => Ok(Self::Mobile),
+            "wifi" | "wi-fi" | "wireless" => Ok(Self::Wifi),
+            "wired" | "ethernet" | "lan" => Ok(Self::Wired),
+            "other" | "unknown" => Ok(Self::Other),
+            _ => Err(crate::error::Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid connection type '{s}', expected: web, mobile, wifi, wired, other"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Network Address Translation (NAT) conditions for client profiles.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum NatType {
+    Direct,
+    Cgnat,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+impl NatType {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Direct => "direct",
+            Self::Cgnat => "cgnat",
+            Self::Unknown => "unknown",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for NatType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for NatType {
+    type Err = crate::error::Nx9Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.trim().to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "direct" | "public" | "open" => Ok(Self::Direct),
+            "cgnat" | "nat444" | "carrier_grade_nat" => Ok(Self::Cgnat),
+            "unknown" | "n/a" | "none" => Ok(Self::Unknown),
+            _ => Err(crate::error::Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid nat type '{s}', expected: direct, cgnat, unknown"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Client device platform categories.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum DeviceCategory {
+    Android,
+    Ios,
+    Linux,
+    Windows,
+    Macos,
+    Other,
+}
+
+impl DeviceCategory {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Android => "android",
+            Self::Ios => "ios",
+            Self::Linux => "linux",
+            Self::Windows => "windows",
+            Self::Macos => "macos",
+            Self::Other => "other",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for DeviceCategory {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for DeviceCategory {
+    type Err = crate::error::Nx9Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.trim().to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "android" => Ok(Self::Android),
+            "ios" | "iphone" | "ipad" => Ok(Self::Ios),
+            "linux" | "unix" => Ok(Self::Linux),
+            "windows" | "win" => Ok(Self::Windows),
+            "macos" | "mac" | "darwin" | "osx" => Ok(Self::Macos),
+            "other" | "embedded" | "router" => Ok(Self::Other),
+            _ => Err(crate::error::Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid device category '{s}', expected: android, ios, linux, windows, macos, other"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Authoritative client profile definition.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ClientProfile {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+    pub connection_type: ConnectionType,
+    pub nat_type: NatType,
+    pub mtu: u16,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+    pub is_builtin: bool,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+/// Dynamically resolved client profile for configuration export.
+///
+/// NOTE: Endpoint and AllowedIPs belong to the authoritative WireGuard peer
+/// configuration and MUST NOT be silently overridden by a generic client environment profile.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ResolvedClientProfile {
+    pub mtu: u16,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub is_manually_overridden: bool,
+    pub applied_profile_id: String,
+    pub applied_profile_name: String,
+    pub connection_type: ConnectionType,
+    pub nat_type: NatType,
+    pub device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub warning: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_connection_type_roundtrip() {
+        let types = [
+            (ConnectionType::Web, "web"),
+            (ConnectionType::Mobile, "mobile"),
+            (ConnectionType::Wifi, "wifi"),
+            (ConnectionType::Wired, "wired"),
+            (ConnectionType::Other, "other"),
+        ];
+
+        for (variant, name) in types {
+            assert_eq!(variant.as_str(), name);
+            assert_eq!(variant.to_string(), name);
+            assert_eq!(ConnectionType::from_str(name).unwrap(), variant);
+        }
+
+        assert!(ConnectionType::from_str("invalid").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nat_type_roundtrip() {
+        let types = [
+            (NatType::Direct, "direct"),
+            (NatType::Cgnat, "cgnat"),
+            (NatType::Unknown, "unknown"),
+        ];
+
+        for (variant, name) in types {
+            assert_eq!(variant.as_str(), name);
+            assert_eq!(variant.to_string(), name);
+            assert_eq!(NatType::from_str(name).unwrap(), variant);
+        }
+
+        assert!(NatType::from_str("invalid").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_device_category_roundtrip() {
+        let categories = [
+            (DeviceCategory::Android, "android"),
+            (DeviceCategory::Ios, "ios"),
+            (DeviceCategory::Linux, "linux"),
+            (DeviceCategory::Windows, "windows"),
+            (DeviceCategory::Macos, "macos"),
+            (DeviceCategory::Other, "other"),
+        ];
+
+        for (variant, name) in categories {
+            assert_eq!(variant.as_str(), name);
+            assert_eq!(variant.to_string(), name);
+            assert_eq!(DeviceCategory::from_str(name).unwrap(), variant);
+        }
+
+        assert!(DeviceCategory::from_str("invalid").is_err());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/diagnostics.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/diagnostics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65e3c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/diagnostics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+//! Diagnostic types and models.
+
+use crate::error::Nx9Error;
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Evaluation status for an individual diagnostic check or report.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum DiagnosticStatus {
+    Pass,
+    Warning,
+    Fail,
+    NotApplicable,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticStatus {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Pass => "pass",
+            Self::Warning => "warning",
+            Self::Fail => "fail",
+            Self::NotApplicable => "not_applicable",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for DiagnosticStatus {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for DiagnosticStatus {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "pass" | "ok" => Ok(Self::Pass),
+            "warning" | "warn" => Ok(Self::Warning),
+            "fail" | "failed" | "error" => Ok(Self::Fail),
+            "not_applicable" | "n/a" | "na" => Ok(Self::NotApplicable),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid DiagnosticStatus: {s}"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Target subsystem for diagnostics.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum DiagnosticSubsystem {
+    System,
+    Network,
+    Wan,
+    Wireguard,
+    Peer,
+    Routing,
+    Forwarding,
+    Firewall,
+    Nat,
+    Mtu,
+    Reconciliation,
+    All,
+}
+
+impl DiagnosticSubsystem {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::System => "system",
+            Self::Network => "network",
+            Self::Wan => "wan",
+            Self::Wireguard => "wireguard",
+            Self::Peer => "peer",
+            Self::Routing => "routing",
+            Self::Forwarding => "forwarding",
+            Self::Firewall => "firewall",
+            Self::Nat => "nat",
+            Self::Mtu => "mtu",
+            Self::Reconciliation => "reconciliation",
+            Self::All => "all",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for DiagnosticSubsystem {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for DiagnosticSubsystem {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "system" => Ok(Self::System),
+            "network" => Ok(Self::Network),
+            "wan" => Ok(Self::Wan),
+            "wireguard" | "wg" => Ok(Self::Wireguard),
+            "peer" => Ok(Self::Peer),
+            "routing" | "routes" | "route" => Ok(Self::Routing),
+            "forwarding" | "fwd" => Ok(Self::Forwarding),
+            "firewall" | "fw" | "nft" | "nftables" => Ok(Self::Firewall),
+            "nat" => Ok(Self::Nat),
+            "mtu" => Ok(Self::Mtu),
+            "reconciliation" | "reconcile" => Ok(Self::Reconciliation),
+            "all" => Ok(Self::All),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid DiagnosticSubsystem: {s}"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An individual diagnostic check observation and result.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DiagnosticCheck {
+    pub check_name: String,
+    pub status: DiagnosticStatus,
+    pub observed_value: String,
+    pub expected_value: Option<String>,
+    pub diagnostic_message: String,
+    pub remediation_hint: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Aggregated report for a diagnostic subsystem evaluation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DiagnosticReport {
+    pub subsystem: String,
+    pub timestamp: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub overall_status: DiagnosticStatus,
+    pub checks: Vec<DiagnosticCheck>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_diagnostic_status_roundtrip() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            DiagnosticStatus::from_str("pass").unwrap(),
+            DiagnosticStatus::Pass
+        );
+        assert_eq!(DiagnosticStatus::Pass.to_string(), "pass");
+        assert_eq!(
+            DiagnosticStatus::from_str("warning").unwrap(),
+            DiagnosticStatus::Warning
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            DiagnosticStatus::from_str("fail").unwrap(),
+            DiagnosticStatus::Fail
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/firewall.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/firewall.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eed6643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/firewall.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+//! Firewall types.
+
+use crate::error::Nx9Error;
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum FirewallAction {
+    Accept,
+    Drop,
+    Reject,
+}
+
+impl FirewallAction {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Accept => "accept",
+            Self::Drop => "drop",
+            Self::Reject => "reject",
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Display for FirewallAction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for FirewallAction {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "accept" => Ok(Self::Accept),
+            "drop" => Ok(Self::Drop),
+            "reject" => Ok(Self::Reject),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid FirewallAction: {}",
+                s
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum FirewallProtocol {
+    Tcp,
+    Udp,
+    TcpUdp,
+    Icmp,
+    Any,
+}
+
+impl FirewallProtocol {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Tcp => "tcp",
+            Self::Udp => "udp",
+            Self::TcpUdp => "tcp_udp",
+            Self::Icmp => "icmp",
+            Self::Any => "any",
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Display for FirewallProtocol {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for FirewallProtocol {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "tcp" => Ok(Self::Tcp),
+            "udp" => Ok(Self::Udp),
+            "tcp_udp" | "tcp/udp" => Ok(Self::TcpUdp),
+            "icmp" => Ok(Self::Icmp),
+            "any" => Ok(Self::Any),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid FirewallProtocol: {}",
+                s
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum FirewallDirection {
+    In,
+    Out,
+    Forward,
+}
+
+impl FirewallDirection {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::In => "in",
+            Self::Out => "out",
+            Self::Forward => "forward",
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Display for FirewallDirection {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for FirewallDirection {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "in" => Ok(Self::In),
+            "out" => Ok(Self::Out),
+            "forward" => Ok(Self::Forward),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid FirewallDirection: {}",
+                s
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FirewallRule {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub direction: FirewallDirection,
+    pub action: FirewallAction,
+    pub protocol: FirewallProtocol,
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    pub destination: Option<String>,
+    pub source_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub destination_port: Option<u16>,
+    pub port_range: Option<String>,
+    pub priority: i32,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/mod.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c818123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//! Domain types.
+
+pub mod audit;
+pub mod auth;
+pub mod backup;
+pub mod client_profile;
+pub mod diagnostics;
+pub mod firewall;
+pub mod network;
+pub mod settings;
+pub mod wireguard;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/network.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/network.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9822347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/network.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//! Network types.
+
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Network {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub cidr: IpNet,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Route {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub network_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub destination: IpNet,
+    pub gateway: Option<IpAddr>,
+    pub interface_name: Option<String>,
+    pub metric: Option<u32>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/settings.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/settings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57282a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/settings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//! Settings domain types.
+
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// System setting key-value pair.
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Setting {
+    pub key: String,
+    pub value: String,
+    pub is_secret: bool,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for Setting {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Setting")
+            .field("key", &self.key)
+            .field(
+                "value",
+                if self.is_secret {
+                    &"[REDACTED]" as &dyn std::fmt::Debug
+                } else {
+                    &self.value as &dyn std::fmt::Debug
+                },
+            )
+            .field("is_secret", &self.is_secret)
+            .field("updated_at", &self.updated_at)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/wireguard.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/wireguard.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb595b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/types/wireguard.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+//! WireGuard types.
+
+use crate::error::Nx9Error;
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct WireGuardPrivateKey(String);
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for WireGuardPrivateKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "[REDACTED]")
+    }
+}
+
+impl WireGuardPrivateKey {
+    pub fn new(s: String) -> Self {
+        Self(s)
+    }
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, std::hash::Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct WireGuardPublicKey(String);
+
+impl WireGuardPublicKey {
+    pub fn new(s: String) -> Self {
+        Self(s)
+    }
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for WireGuardPublicKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct WireGuardPresharedKey(String);
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for WireGuardPresharedKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "[REDACTED]")
+    }
+}
+
+impl WireGuardPresharedKey {
+    pub fn new(s: String) -> Self {
+        Self(s)
+    }
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum PeerType {
+    RoadWarrior,
+    SiteGateway,
+    Server,
+    Relay,
+}
+
+impl PeerType {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::RoadWarrior => "road_warrior",
+            Self::SiteGateway => "site_gateway",
+            Self::Server => "server",
+            Self::Relay => "relay",
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Display for PeerType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for PeerType {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "road_warrior" => Ok(Self::RoadWarrior),
+            "site_gateway" => Ok(Self::SiteGateway),
+            "server" => Ok(Self::Server),
+            "relay" => Ok(Self::Relay),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid PeerType: {}", s))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum PeerState {
+    Active,
+    Disabled,
+    Revoked,
+    Expired,
+}
+
+impl PeerState {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Active => "active",
+            Self::Disabled => "disabled",
+            Self::Revoked => "revoked",
+            Self::Expired => "expired",
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Display for PeerState {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for PeerState {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "active" => Ok(Self::Active),
+            "disabled" => Ok(Self::Disabled),
+            "revoked" => Ok(Self::Revoked),
+            "expired" => Ok(Self::Expired),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid PeerState: {}", s))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum PeerProfile {
+    FullTunnel,
+    SplitTunnel,
+    Custom,
+}
+
+impl PeerProfile {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::FullTunnel => "full_tunnel",
+            Self::SplitTunnel => "split_tunnel",
+            Self::Custom => "custom",
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl Display for PeerProfile {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for PeerProfile {
+    type Err = Nx9Error;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "full_tunnel" => Ok(Self::FullTunnel),
+            "split_tunnel" => Ok(Self::SplitTunnel),
+            "custom" => Ok(Self::Custom),
+            _ => Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid PeerProfile: {}", s))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Interface {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub private_key: WireGuardPrivateKey,
+    pub public_key: WireGuardPublicKey,
+    pub listen_port: u16,
+    pub address_v4: IpNet,
+    pub address_v6: Option<IpNet>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub pre_up: Option<String>,
+    pub post_up: Option<String>,
+    pub pre_down: Option<String>,
+    pub post_down: Option<String>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Peer {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub interface_id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub peer_type: PeerType,
+    pub state: PeerState,
+    pub public_key: WireGuardPublicKey,
+    pub private_key: Option<WireGuardPrivateKey>,
+    pub preshared_key: Option<WireGuardPresharedKey>,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub allowed_ips: String,
+    pub server_allowed_ips: Option<String>,
+    pub address_v4: Option<IpNet>,
+    pub address_v6: Option<IpNet>,
+    pub dns: Option<String>,
+    pub mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+    pub profile: PeerProfile,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub last_handshake_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_peer_type_roundtrip() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            PeerType::from_str("road_warrior").unwrap(),
+            PeerType::RoadWarrior
+        );
+        assert_eq!(PeerType::RoadWarrior.to_string(), "road_warrior");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_private_key_debug() {
+        let pk = WireGuardPrivateKey::new("secret".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", pk), "[REDACTED]");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/validation.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/validation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b50fd99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/src/validation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+//! Validation utilities.
+
+use crate::error::{Nx9Error, Result};
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Parsed and validated firewall port specification.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum PortSpec {
+    Single(u16),
+    Range(u16, u16),
+    List(Vec<u16>),
+}
+
+impl Display for PortSpec {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Single(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
+            Self::Range(start, end) => write!(f, "{start}-{end}"),
+            Self::List(ports) => {
+                let s: Vec<String> = ports.iter().map(|p| p.to_string()).collect();
+                write!(f, "{}", s.join(","))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Validate and parse a port specification (single "443", range "8000-8100", or list "53,80,443").
+pub fn validate_port_spec(spec: &str) -> Result<PortSpec> {
+    let trimmed = spec.trim();
+    if trimmed.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+            "port specification cannot be empty".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    if trimmed.contains('-') {
+        let parts: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split('-').collect();
+        if parts.len() != 2 {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid port range format '{spec}'"
+            )));
+        }
+        let start_str = parts[0].trim();
+        let end_str = parts[1].trim();
+        if start_str.is_empty() || end_str.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "invalid port range format '{spec}'"
+            )));
+        }
+        let start: u16 = start_str
+            .parse()
+            .map_err(|_| Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid start port in range '{spec}'")))?;
+        let end: u16 = end_str
+            .parse()
+            .map_err(|_| Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid end port in range '{spec}'")))?;
+
+        if start == 0 || end == 0 {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("ports must be non-zero".into()));
+        }
+        if start > end {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+                "port range start ({start}) cannot exceed end ({end})"
+            )));
+        }
+        if start == end {
+            return Ok(PortSpec::Single(start));
+        }
+        return Ok(PortSpec::Range(start, end));
+    }
+
+    if trimmed.contains(',') {
+        let mut ports = Vec::new();
+        for p_str in trimmed.split(',') {
+            let p_trim = p_str.trim();
+            if p_trim.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let p: u16 = p_trim
+                .parse()
+                .map_err(|_| Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid port number '{p_trim}'")))?;
+            if p == 0 {
+                return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("ports must be non-zero".into()));
+            }
+            if !ports.contains(&p) {
+                ports.push(p);
+            }
+        }
+        if ports.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+                "port list must contain at least one valid port".into(),
+            ));
+        }
+        ports.sort_unstable();
+        if ports.len() == 1 {
+            return Ok(PortSpec::Single(ports[0]));
+        }
+        return Ok(PortSpec::List(ports));
+    }
+
+    let p: u16 = trimmed
+        .parse()
+        .map_err(|_| Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid port number '{spec}'")))?;
+    if p == 0 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("port must be non-zero".into()));
+    }
+    Ok(PortSpec::Single(p))
+}
+
+/// Validate CIDR.
+pub fn validate_cidr(cidr: &str) -> Result<IpNet> {
+    IpNet::from_str(cidr)
+        .map_err(|e| Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid CIDR '{}': {}", cidr, e)))
+}
+
+/// Validate IP.
+pub fn validate_ip(ip: &str) -> Result<IpAddr> {
+    IpAddr::from_str(ip)
+        .map_err(|e| Nx9Error::Validation(format!("invalid IP address '{}': {}", ip, e)))
+}
+
+/// Validate that an IP address belongs to a specified subnet network and matches address family.
+pub fn validate_ip_in_network(ip: IpAddr, net: IpNet) -> Result<()> {
+    match (ip, net) {
+        (IpAddr::V4(_), IpNet::V6(_)) => {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+                "address family mismatch: IPv4 address against IPv6 network".into(),
+            ));
+        }
+        (IpAddr::V6(_), IpNet::V4(_)) => {
+            return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+                "address family mismatch: IPv6 address against IPv4 network".into(),
+            ));
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    if !net.contains(&ip) {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+            "IP address '{ip}' is outside network CIDR '{net}'"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Validate port.
+pub fn validate_port(port: u16) -> Result<u16> {
+    if port == 0 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("port must be non-zero".into()));
+    }
+    Ok(port)
+}
+
+/// Validate interface name.
+pub fn validate_interface_name(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if name.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+            "interface name cannot be empty".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if name.len() > 15 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("interface name max 15 chars".into()));
+    }
+    if !name
+        .chars()
+        .all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '-')
+    {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+            "interface name contains invalid characters".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if !name.chars().next().unwrap().is_ascii_alphabetic() {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+            "interface name must start with letter".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Validate peer name.
+pub fn validate_peer_name(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if name.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("peer name cannot be empty".into()));
+    }
+    if name.len() > 64 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("peer name max 64 chars".into()));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub const MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH: usize = 8;
+pub const MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH: usize = 256;
+
+/// Validate password strength.
+pub fn validate_password_strength(password: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if password.len() < MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("password too short".into()));
+    }
+    if password.len() > MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("password too long".into()));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Validate listen port.
+pub fn validate_listen_port(port: u16) -> Result<u16> {
+    if port < 1024 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation("cannot use privileged port".into()));
+    }
+    validate_port(port)
+}
+
+/// Validate MTU.
+pub fn validate_mtu(mtu: u16) -> Result<u16> {
+    if mtu < 1280 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+            "MTU too small, minimum is 1280".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if mtu > 9000 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(
+            "MTU too large, maximum is 9000".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(mtu)
+}
+
+/// Validate client MTU.
+///
+/// Rules:
+/// - Normal range: 1280 to 1500
+/// - Jumbo frames: up to 9000 (allowed without silent clamping)
+/// - Invalid: < 1280 or > 9000 (rejected with error)
+pub fn validate_client_mtu(mtu: u16) -> Result<u16> {
+    if mtu < 1280 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+            "client MTU {mtu} is below IPv6 minimum MTU (1280)"
+        )));
+    }
+    if mtu > 9000 {
+        return Err(Nx9Error::Validation(format!(
+            "client MTU {mtu} exceeds maximum allowable jumbo frame MTU (9000)"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(mtu)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_cidr() {
+        assert!(validate_cidr("192.168.1.0/24").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_cidr("invalid").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_ip() {
+        assert!(validate_ip("10.0.0.1").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_ip("256.0.0.1").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_port_spec() {
+        assert_eq!(validate_port_spec("443").unwrap(), PortSpec::Single(443));
+        assert_eq!(
+            validate_port_spec("8000-8100").unwrap(),
+            PortSpec::Range(8000, 8100)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            validate_port_spec("53,80,443").unwrap(),
+            PortSpec::List(vec![53, 80, 443])
+        );
+        assert!(validate_port_spec("8100-8000").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_port_spec("0").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_port_spec("70000").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_port_spec("").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_port_spec("abc").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_ip_in_network() {
+        let net_v4: IpNet = "10.0.0.0/24".parse().unwrap();
+        assert!(validate_ip_in_network("10.0.0.5".parse().unwrap(), net_v4).is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_ip_in_network("192.168.1.1".parse().unwrap(), net_v4).is_err());
+
+        let net_v6: IpNet = "fd00::/64".parse().unwrap();
+        assert!(validate_ip_in_network("fd00::1".parse().unwrap(), net_v6).is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_ip_in_network("10.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(), net_v6).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_port() {
+        assert!(validate_port(8080).is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_port(0).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_interface_name() {
+        assert!(validate_interface_name("wg0").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_interface_name("0wg").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_interface_name("verylonginterfacenamehere").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_interface_name("wg@0").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_password_strength() {
+        assert!(validate_password_strength("strongpassword").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_password_strength("short").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_client_mtu() {
+        // Below minimum
+        assert!(validate_client_mtu(1279).is_err());
+        assert!(validate_client_mtu(576).is_err());
+        assert!(validate_client_mtu(0).is_err());
+
+        // Normal values
+        assert_eq!(validate_client_mtu(1280).unwrap(), 1280);
+        assert_eq!(validate_client_mtu(1360).unwrap(), 1360);
+        assert_eq!(validate_client_mtu(1420).unwrap(), 1420);
+        assert_eq!(validate_client_mtu(1500).unwrap(), 1500);
+
+        // Jumbo frame values
+        assert_eq!(validate_client_mtu(1501).unwrap(), 1501);
+        assert_eq!(validate_client_mtu(9000).unwrap(), 9000);
+
+        // Above maximum
+        assert!(validate_client_mtu(9001).is_err());
+        assert!(validate_client_mtu(65535).is_err());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-core/tests/test_env_namespace.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-core/tests/test_env_namespace.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36618a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-core/tests/test_env_namespace.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+//! Automated validation suite for environment variable namespace and precedence.
+
+use nx9_wg_core::config::{AppConfig, BootstrapConfig};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+static ENV_MUTEX: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
+
+#[test]
+fn test_nx9_wg_env_variable_precedence_and_overrides() {
+    let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+    let mut config = AppConfig::default();
+
+    // Set canonical NX9_WG_ environment variables
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_CONFIG", "/custom/etc/config.toml");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_DATA_DIR", "/custom/var/data");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR", "127.0.0.1:9090");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL", "warn");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT", "72");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL", "15");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_DIR", "/custom/backups");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_MAX_COUNT", "20");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_SCHEDULE", "0 3 * * *");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME", "superadmin");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD", "SuperSecretPW987!");
+    }
+
+    config.apply_env_overrides().expect("apply env overrides");
+
+    assert_eq!(config.config_file, PathBuf::from("/custom/etc/config.toml"));
+    assert_eq!(config.data_dir, PathBuf::from("/custom/var/data"));
+    assert_eq!(config.bind_address, "127.0.0.1:9090".parse().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(config.log_level, "warn");
+    assert_eq!(config.session_expiry_hours, 72);
+    assert_eq!(config.reconciliation_interval_secs, 15);
+    assert_eq!(config.backup.dir, PathBuf::from("/custom/backups"));
+    assert_eq!(config.backup.max_count, 20);
+    assert_eq!(config.backup.schedule, Some("0 3 * * *".to_string()));
+
+    let boot = config.bootstrap.expect("bootstrap should be present");
+    assert_eq!(boot.admin_username, Some("superadmin".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(boot.admin_password, Some("SuperSecretPW987!".to_string()));
+
+    // Clean up
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_CONFIG");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_DATA_DIR");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_DIR");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_MAX_COUNT");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_BACKUP_SCHEDULE");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_invalid_env_variable_values() {
+    let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+    let mut config = AppConfig::default();
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR", "invalid-ip-and-port");
+    }
+    assert!(config.apply_env_overrides().is_err());
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR");
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT", "not-a-number");
+    }
+    assert!(config.apply_env_overrides().is_err());
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_secret_redaction() {
+    let boot = BootstrapConfig {
+        admin_username: Some("admin".to_string()),
+        admin_password: Some("secret12345".to_string()),
+    };
+    let formatted = format!("{boot:?}");
+    assert!(!formatted.contains("secret12345"));
+    assert!(formatted.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_database_path_resolution() {
+    // Default database path should be data_dir/nx9-wg.db
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    let expected_db = config.data_dir.join("nx9-wg.db");
+    assert_eq!(expected_db, PathBuf::from("/var/lib/nx9-wg/nx9-wg.db"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_explicit_database_dir_override() {
+    let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    // When --database is explicitly provided, it should be used directly
+    // The test verifies the default path is what we expect
+    assert_eq!(config.data_dir, PathBuf::from("/var/lib/nx9-wg"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_backup_directory_consistency() {
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    // Backup directory should always be consistent: /var/lib/nx9-wg/backups
+    assert_eq!(config.backup.dir, PathBuf::from("/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_nx9_wg_database_env_var() {
+    let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+    // NX9_WG_DATABASE should be honored via CLI args
+    // This test documents that the env var is in the canonical namespace
+    let cli_args = &["--database", "/custom/path/test.db"];
+    // We're verifying this is the correct pattern to use
+    assert_eq!(cli_args[0], "--database");
+    assert_eq!(cli_args[1], "/custom/path/test.db");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_canonical_env_namespace_only() {
+    let _lock = ENV_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+    // Verify only NX9_WG_* variables are used
+    let mut config = AppConfig::default();
+
+    // Try setting a non-canonical variable - should be ignored
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::set_var("RUST_LOG", "debug");
+        std::env::set_var("NX9_LOG_LEVEL", "error");
+    }
+
+    config.apply_env_overrides().expect("apply env overrides");
+
+    // These non-canonical variables should be ignored
+    assert_eq!(config.log_level, "info"); // Should remain default
+
+    // Clean up
+    unsafe {
+        std::env::remove_var("RUST_LOG");
+        std::env::remove_var("NX9_LOG_LEVEL");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_default_bind_address_is_localhost() {
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    // Verify bind address default
+    assert_eq!(config.bind_address, "127.0.0.1:8080".parse().unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_default_reconciliation_interval() {
+    let config = AppConfig::default();
+    // Default reconciliation interval should be 60 seconds
+    assert_eq!(config.reconciliation_interval_secs, 60);
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/Cargo.toml b/crates/nx9-wg-db/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d08f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wg-db"
+description = "SQLite persistence layer for nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+nx9-wg-core.workspace = true
+sqlx = { workspace = true, features = ["runtime-tokio", "sqlite", "macros", "migrate", "chrono", "uuid"] }
+tokio.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
+ipnet.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/README.md b/crates/nx9-wg-db/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d7eb77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# nx9-db — SQLite Persistence Layer
+
+`nx9-db` provides the authoritative SQLite persistence layer for the `nx9-wg` native Rust WireGuard management system.
+
+## Architectural Boundaries
+
+- **Authoritative State**: SQLite is the authoritative persistent store for `nx9-wg` desired state. It stores what the system intends the network, interfaces, peers, routes, firewall rules, administrator credentials, sessions, tokens, and settings to be.
+- **Separation of Concerns**: SQLite records desired configuration only. Live kernel state (WireGuard interface status, handshake counters, packet counters, live nftables rules, live kernel routes) is queried directly from Linux kernel subsystems in later phases.
+- **SQL Encapsulation**: All SQL queries, SQLite connection lifecycle, migrations, and row conversions are strictly encapsulated inside `nx9-db`. Neither `nx9-core`, `nx9-api`, `nx9-ui`, `nx9-wireguard`, nor `nx9-network` issue SQL directly.
+
+## SQLite Configuration
+
+Every connection opened by `Store` enforces:
+- `PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL` — Write-Ahead Logging for high-concurrency read/write operations.
+- `PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON` — Strict relational integrity across all tables.
+- `PRAGMA busy_timeout = 5000` — 5-second busy timeout to avoid contention errors.
+- `PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL` — Optimal reliability and performance in WAL mode.
+
+## Database Schema (12 Tables)
+
+1. `admin` — Single administrator identity (`CHECK (id = 1)`), Argon2id password hash, TOTP secrets, and login timestamp.
+2. `sessions` — Admin web sessions (`ON DELETE CASCADE`).
+3. `login_attempts` — IP-based login attempt tracking for brute-force rate limiting.
+4. `api_tokens` — Hashed API tokens for automation (`ON DELETE CASCADE`).
+5. `interfaces` — Desired WireGuard interfaces (`wg0`, `wg1`, etc.), private/public keys, listen port, IPv4/IPv6 CIDRs, MTU, DNS.
+6. `peers` — Desired WireGuard peer definitions, classifications (`road_warrior`, `site_gateway`, `server`, `relay`), states (`active`, `disabled`, `revoked`, `expired`), profiles (`full_tunnel`, `split_tunnel`, `custom`), public/private/preshared keys, AllowedIPs, endpoints, and persistent keepalives (`ON DELETE CASCADE`).
+7. `networks` — Named network CIDRs for routing and organization.
+8. `routes` — Desired kernel routing rules (`ON DELETE SET NULL`).
+9. `firewall_rules` — Desired firewall policy rules with priorities and directions (`in`, `out`, `forward`).
+10. `settings` — Key-value system settings with secret redaction support.
+11. `audit_events` — Append-only operational audit log with event filtering and pagination.
+12. `backups` — Backup metadata and manifest checksum records.
+
+## Migration Strategy
+
+- Migrations are defined in `crates/nx9-db/migrations/` and embedded at compile time via `sqlx::migrate!("./migrations")`.
+- Migrations are executed automatically via `store.migrate().await?`.
+- Migrations are tracked in the `_sqlx_migrations` table for idempotency.
+
+## Usage in Code
+
+```rust
+use nx9_db::Store;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Connect and auto-migrate
+    let store = Store::connect_path(Path::new("/var/lib/nx9-wg/nx9-wg.db")).await?;
+    store.migrate().await?;
+
+    // Create single admin if not initialized
+    if !store.admin_exists().await? {
+        store.create_admin("admin", "$argon2id$...").await?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+## Running Tests
+
+Tests use isolated in-memory or temporary file SQLite instances:
+
+```bash
+cargo test -p nx9-db
+```
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0001_initial.sql b/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0001_initial.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b87ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0001_initial.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- nx9-wg SQLite Initial Migration (0001_initial.sql)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 1. Admin (Exactly one row, id=1 enforced by CHECK)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE admin (
+    id              INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1),
+    username        TEXT    NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    password_hash   TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    totp_secret     TEXT,
+    totp_enabled    INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    last_login_at   TEXT,
+    last_login_ip   TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    updated_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_admin_username ON admin(username);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 2. Sessions
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE sessions (
+    id              TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    admin_id        INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 REFERENCES admin(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    ip_address      TEXT,
+    user_agent      TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    expires_at      TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    last_seen_at    TEXT
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_sessions_expires_at ON sessions(expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX idx_sessions_admin_id ON sessions(admin_id);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 3. Login Attempts (Brute force protection)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE login_attempts (
+    id              INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    ip_address      TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    attempted_at    TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    success         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_login_attempts_ip ON login_attempts(ip_address, attempted_at);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 4. API Tokens
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE api_tokens (
+    id              TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    admin_id        INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 REFERENCES admin(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    name            TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    token_hash      TEXT    NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    expires_at      TEXT,
+    last_used_at    TEXT,
+    revoked_at      TEXT
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_api_tokens_token_hash ON api_tokens(token_hash);
+CREATE INDEX idx_api_tokens_expires_at ON api_tokens(expires_at);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 5. WireGuard Interfaces
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE interfaces (
+    id              TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    name            TEXT    NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    private_key     TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    public_key      TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    listen_port     INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 51820,
+    ipv4_cidr       TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    ipv6_cidr       TEXT,
+    mtu             INTEGER,
+    dns             TEXT,
+    enabled         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    pre_up          TEXT,
+    post_up         TEXT,
+    pre_down        TEXT,
+    post_down       TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    updated_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_interfaces_name ON interfaces(name);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 6. Peers / Clients
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE peers (
+    id                      TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    interface_id            TEXT    NOT NULL REFERENCES interfaces(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    name                    TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    peer_type               TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'road_warrior'
+                                   CHECK (peer_type IN ('road_warrior', 'site_gateway', 'server', 'relay')),
+    state                   TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'active'
+                                   CHECK (state IN ('active', 'disabled', 'revoked', 'expired')),
+    profile                 TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'full_tunnel'
+                                   CHECK (profile IN ('full_tunnel', 'split_tunnel', 'custom')),
+    public_key              TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    private_key             TEXT,
+    preshared_key           TEXT,
+    endpoint                TEXT,
+    allowed_ips             TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    server_allowed_ips      TEXT,
+    address_ipv4            TEXT,
+    address_ipv6            TEXT,
+    dns                     TEXT,
+    mtu                     INTEGER,
+    persistent_keepalive    INTEGER,
+    expires_at              TEXT,
+    last_handshake_at       TEXT,
+    created_at              TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    updated_at              TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    UNIQUE(interface_id, name),
+    UNIQUE(interface_id, public_key)
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_peers_interface_id ON peers(interface_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_peers_name ON peers(interface_id, name);
+CREATE INDEX idx_peers_state ON peers(state);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 7. Networks
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE networks (
+    id              TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    name            TEXT    NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    cidr            TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    enabled         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    description     TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    updated_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_networks_name ON networks(name);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 8. Routes
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE routes (
+    id              TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    network_id      TEXT    REFERENCES networks(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    interface_id    TEXT    REFERENCES interfaces(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    destination     TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    gateway         TEXT,
+    metric          INTEGER,
+    enabled         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    description     TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    updated_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_routes_network_id ON routes(network_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_routes_interface_id ON routes(interface_id);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 9. Firewall Rules
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE firewall_rules (
+    id                  TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    name                TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    interface_id        TEXT    REFERENCES interfaces(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    direction           TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'in'
+                               CHECK (direction IN ('in', 'out', 'forward')),
+    action              TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'accept'
+                               CHECK (action IN ('accept', 'drop', 'reject')),
+    protocol            TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'any'
+                               CHECK (protocol IN ('tcp', 'udp', 'tcp_udp', 'icmp', 'any')),
+    source              TEXT,
+    destination         TEXT,
+    source_port         INTEGER,
+    destination_port    INTEGER,
+    priority            INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
+    enabled             INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    description         TEXT,
+    created_at          TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+    updated_at          TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_firewall_interface_priority ON firewall_rules(interface_id, priority);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 10. Settings (Key-Value)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE settings (
+    key             TEXT    PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+    value           TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    is_secret       INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    updated_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 11. Audit Events (Append-only)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE audit_events (
+    id              INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    event_type      TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    actor           TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 'admin',
+    resource_type   TEXT,
+    resource_id     TEXT,
+    message         TEXT,
+    metadata        TEXT,
+    ip_address      TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_audit_created_at ON audit_events(created_at);
+CREATE INDEX idx_audit_event_type ON audit_events(event_type);
+CREATE INDEX idx_audit_resource ON audit_events(resource_type, resource_id);
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- 12. Backups (Metadata)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE backups (
+    id              TEXT    PRIMARY KEY,
+    filename        TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    size            INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    checksum        TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    encrypted       INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    schema_version  TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    description     TEXT,
+    created_at      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_backups_created_at ON backups(created_at);
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0002_wiregui_capabilities.sql b/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0002_wiregui_capabilities.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12846a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0002_wiregui_capabilities.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- 0002_wiregui_capabilities.sql
+-- Add peer-specific firewall association and structured port semantics
+
+ALTER TABLE firewall_rules ADD COLUMN peer_id TEXT REFERENCES peers(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+ALTER TABLE firewall_rules ADD COLUMN port_range TEXT;
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_firewall_peer_id ON firewall_rules(peer_id);
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0003_client_profiles.sql b/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0003_client_profiles.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07322a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/migrations/0003_client_profiles.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+-- 0003_client_profiles.sql
+-- Client Environment and MTU Profile System
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS client_profiles (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    provider TEXT,
+    device TEXT CHECK (device IS NULL OR device IN ('android', 'ios', 'linux', 'windows', 'macos', 'other')),
+    connection_type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (connection_type IN ('web', 'mobile', 'wifi', 'wired', 'other')),
+    nat_type TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unknown' CHECK (nat_type IN ('direct', 'cgnat', 'unknown')),
+    mtu INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (mtu >= 1280 AND mtu <= 9000),
+    dns TEXT,
+    persistent_keepalive INTEGER CHECK (persistent_keepalive IS NULL OR (persistent_keepalive >= 0 AND persistent_keepalive <= 65535)),
+    is_builtin BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    description TEXT,
+    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_client_profiles_provider ON client_profiles(provider);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_client_profiles_device ON client_profiles(device);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_client_profiles_connection ON client_profiles(connection_type);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_client_profiles_nat ON client_profiles(nat_type);
+
+-- Insert authoritative built-in client profiles
+INSERT OR IGNORE INTO client_profiles (id, name, provider, device, connection_type, nat_type, mtu, dns, persistent_keepalive, is_builtin, description, created_at, updated_at)
+VALUES
+    ('default-mobile', 'Default Mobile', NULL, NULL, 'mobile', 'unknown', 1280, NULL, 25, 1, 'Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('default-cgnat', 'Default CGNAT', NULL, NULL, 'other', 'cgnat', 1360, NULL, 25, 1, 'Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('default-wifi', 'Default Wi-Fi', NULL, NULL, 'wifi', 'unknown', 1420, NULL, 25, 1, 'Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('default-web', 'Default Web', NULL, NULL, 'web', 'unknown', 1420, NULL, 25, 1, 'Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('default-wired', 'Default Wired', NULL, NULL, 'wired', 'direct', 1420, NULL, 25, 1, 'High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('android-mobile', 'Android Mobile', NULL, 'android', 'mobile', 'unknown', 1280, NULL, 25, 1, 'Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('ios-mobile', 'iOS Mobile', NULL, 'ios', 'mobile', 'unknown', 1280, NULL, 25, 1, 'Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('tmobile-mobile', 'T-Mobile Mobile', 'tmobile', NULL, 'mobile', 'cgnat', 1280, NULL, 25, 1, 'T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('verizon-mobile', 'Verizon Mobile', 'verizon', NULL, 'mobile', 'cgnat', 1280, NULL, 25, 1, 'Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('jio-mobile', 'Jio Mobile', 'jio', NULL, 'mobile', 'cgnat', 1280, NULL, 25, 1, 'Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),
+    ('starlink-cgnat', 'Starlink CGNAT', 'starlink', NULL, 'other', 'cgnat', 1360, NULL, 25, 1, 'Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/admin.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/admin.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68a7f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/admin.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+//! Administrator repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Admin;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+
+/// Retrieve the single administrator record, if initialized.
+pub async fn get_admin(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Option<Admin>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, username, password_hash, totp_secret, totp_enabled,
+               last_login_at, last_login_ip, created_at, updated_at
+        FROM admin
+        WHERE id = 1
+        "#,
+    )
+    .fetch_optional(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => {
+            let id: i64 = r.try_get("id")?;
+            let username: String = r.try_get("username")?;
+            let password_hash: String = r.try_get("password_hash")?;
+            let totp_secret: Option<String> = r.try_get("totp_secret")?;
+            let totp_enabled_int: i64 = r.try_get("totp_enabled")?;
+            let last_login_at_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_login_at")?;
+            let last_login_ip: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_login_ip")?;
+            let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+            let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+            let last_login_at = match last_login_at_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            Ok(Some(Admin {
+                id,
+                username,
+                password_hash,
+                totp_secret,
+                totp_enabled: totp_enabled_int != 0,
+                last_login_at,
+                last_login_ip,
+                created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+                updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+            }))
+        }
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve the administrator record by username.
+pub async fn get_admin_by_username(pool: &SqlitePool, username: &str) -> Result<Option<Admin>> {
+    let admin = get_admin(pool).await?;
+    match admin {
+        Some(a) if a.username == username => Ok(Some(a)),
+        _ => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Check whether the single administrator has already been initialized.
+pub async fn admin_exists(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<bool> {
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM admin WHERE id = 1")
+        .fetch_one(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let count: i64 = row.try_get("count")?;
+    Ok(count > 0)
+}
+
+/// Create the single administrator record.
+///
+/// Fails if an administrator already exists.
+pub async fn create_admin(pool: &SqlitePool, username: &str, password_hash: &str) -> Result<Admin> {
+    if admin_exists(pool).await? {
+        return Err(DbError::Conflict(
+            "Administrator has already been initialized".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO admin (id, username, password_hash, totp_secret, totp_enabled, created_at, updated_at)
+        VALUES (1, ?, ?, NULL, 0, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(username)
+    .bind(password_hash)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| match &e {
+        sqlx::Error::Database(dbe) if dbe.is_unique_violation() => {
+            DbError::Conflict("Administrator already exists or username conflict".to_string())
+        }
+        _ => DbError::Sqlx(e),
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(Admin {
+        id: 1,
+        username: username.to_string(),
+        password_hash: password_hash.to_string(),
+        totp_secret: None,
+        totp_enabled: false,
+        last_login_at: None,
+        last_login_ip: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Update the administrator's password hash.
+pub async fn update_admin_password(pool: &SqlitePool, new_password_hash: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE admin
+        SET password_hash = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = 1
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(new_password_hash)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(
+            "Administrator record does not exist".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Update administrator TOTP configuration.
+pub async fn update_admin_totp(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    totp_secret: Option<&str>,
+    totp_enabled: bool,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE admin
+        SET totp_secret = ?, totp_enabled = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = 1
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(totp_secret)
+    .bind(if totp_enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(
+            "Administrator record does not exist".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Record a successful administrator login timestamp and IP address.
+pub async fn record_admin_login(pool: &SqlitePool, ip_address: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE admin
+        SET last_login_at = ?, last_login_ip = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = 1
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(ip_address)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(
+            "Administrator record does not exist".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete administrator record (if explicitly supported).
+pub async fn delete_admin(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<()> {
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM admin WHERE id = 1")
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/audit.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/audit.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0d0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/audit.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+//! Operational Audit log repository operations (append-only).
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::{AuditEvent, AuditEventType};
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Filter options for querying audit records.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct AuditFilter {
+    pub event_type: Option<AuditEventType>,
+    pub resource_type: Option<String>,
+    pub resource_id: Option<String>,
+    pub since: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub until: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+}
+
+/// Append a new audit event to the log.
+pub async fn create_audit_event(pool: &SqlitePool, event: &AuditEvent) -> Result<i64> {
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&event.created_at);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO audit_events (
+            event_type, actor, resource_type, resource_id,
+            message, metadata, ip_address, created_at
+        )
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(event.event_type.as_str())
+    .bind(&event.actor)
+    .bind(&event.resource_type)
+    .bind(&event.resource_id)
+    .bind(&event.message)
+    .bind(&event.metadata)
+    .bind(&event.ip_address)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.last_insert_rowid())
+}
+
+/// Convenience function to record an audit entry.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub async fn record_audit(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    event_type: AuditEventType,
+    actor: &str,
+    resource_type: Option<&str>,
+    resource_id: Option<&str>,
+    message: Option<&str>,
+    metadata: Option<&str>,
+    ip_address: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<i64> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let event = AuditEvent {
+        id: 0,
+        event_type,
+        actor: actor.to_string(),
+        resource_type: resource_type.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        resource_id: resource_id.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        message: message.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        metadata: metadata.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        ip_address: ip_address.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+    };
+    create_audit_event(pool, &event).await
+}
+
+/// Query audit events with filtering and pagination.
+pub async fn list_audit_events(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    filter: &AuditFilter,
+    limit: u32,
+    offset: u32,
+) -> Result<Vec<AuditEvent>> {
+    let event_type_str = filter.event_type.map(|et| et.as_str().to_string());
+    let since_str = filter.since.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let until_str = filter.until.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, event_type, actor, resource_type, resource_id,
+               message, metadata, ip_address, created_at
+        FROM audit_events
+        WHERE (?1 IS NULL OR event_type = ?1)
+          AND (?2 IS NULL OR resource_type = ?2)
+          AND (?3 IS NULL OR resource_id = ?3)
+          AND (?4 IS NULL OR created_at >= ?4)
+          AND (?5 IS NULL OR created_at <= ?5)
+        ORDER BY id DESC
+        LIMIT ?6 OFFSET ?7
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(event_type_str)
+    .bind(&filter.resource_type)
+    .bind(&filter.resource_id)
+    .bind(since_str)
+    .bind(until_str)
+    .bind(limit as i64)
+    .bind(offset as i64)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut events = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        let id: i64 = r.try_get("id")?;
+        let event_type_str: String = r.try_get("event_type")?;
+        let actor: String = r.try_get("actor")?;
+        let resource_type: Option<String> = r.try_get("resource_type")?;
+        let resource_id: Option<String> = r.try_get("resource_id")?;
+        let message: Option<String> = r.try_get("message")?;
+        let metadata: Option<String> = r.try_get("metadata")?;
+        let ip_address: Option<String> = r.try_get("ip_address")?;
+        let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+
+        let event_type = AuditEventType::from_str(&event_type_str)?;
+
+        events.push(AuditEvent {
+            id,
+            event_type,
+            actor,
+            resource_type,
+            resource_id,
+            message,
+            metadata,
+            ip_address,
+            created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        });
+    }
+
+    Ok(events)
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a single audit event by ID.
+pub async fn get_audit_event(pool: &SqlitePool, id: i64) -> Result<Option<AuditEvent>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, event_type, actor, resource_type, resource_id,
+               message, metadata, ip_address, created_at
+        FROM audit_events
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(id)
+    .fetch_optional(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => {
+            let event_type_str: String = r.try_get("event_type")?;
+            let actor: String = r.try_get("actor")?;
+            let resource_type: Option<String> = r.try_get("resource_type")?;
+            let resource_id: Option<String> = r.try_get("resource_id")?;
+            let message: Option<String> = r.try_get("message")?;
+            let metadata: Option<String> = r.try_get("metadata")?;
+            let ip_address: Option<String> = r.try_get("ip_address")?;
+            let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+
+            let event_type = AuditEventType::from_str(&event_type_str)?;
+
+            Ok(Some(AuditEvent {
+                id,
+                event_type,
+                actor,
+                resource_type,
+                resource_id,
+                message,
+                metadata,
+                ip_address,
+                created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+            }))
+        }
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Count total audit events matching a filter.
+pub async fn count_audit_events(pool: &SqlitePool, filter: &AuditFilter) -> Result<i64> {
+    let event_type_str = filter.event_type.map(|et| et.as_str().to_string());
+    let since_str = filter.since.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let until_str = filter.until.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT COUNT(*) as count
+        FROM audit_events
+        WHERE (?1 IS NULL OR event_type = ?1)
+          AND (?2 IS NULL OR resource_type = ?2)
+          AND (?3 IS NULL OR resource_id = ?3)
+          AND (?4 IS NULL OR created_at >= ?4)
+          AND (?5 IS NULL OR created_at <= ?5)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(event_type_str)
+    .bind(&filter.resource_type)
+    .bind(&filter.resource_id)
+    .bind(since_str)
+    .bind(until_str)
+    .fetch_one(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let count: i64 = row.try_get("count")?;
+    Ok(count)
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/backups.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/backups.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d792666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/backups.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//! Backup metadata repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::backup::BackupMeta;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into a `BackupMeta` domain struct.
+fn row_to_backup_meta(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<BackupMeta> {
+    let id_str: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let filename: String = r.try_get("filename")?;
+    let size_i64: i64 = r.try_get("size")?;
+    let checksum: String = r.try_get("checksum")?;
+    let encrypted_i64: i64 = r.try_get("encrypted")?;
+    let schema_version: String = r.try_get("schema_version")?;
+    let description: Option<String> = r.try_get("description")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+
+    let id = Uuid::parse_str(&id_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid backup UUID '{id_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    Ok(BackupMeta {
+        id,
+        filename,
+        size_bytes: size_i64,
+        checksum,
+        schema_version,
+        encrypted: encrypted_i64 != 0,
+        description,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Record metadata for a new backup file.
+pub async fn create_backup_meta(pool: &SqlitePool, meta: &BackupMeta) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = meta.id.to_string();
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&meta.created_at);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO backups (id, filename, size, checksum, encrypted, schema_version, description, created_at)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .bind(&meta.filename)
+    .bind(meta.size_bytes)
+    .bind(&meta.checksum)
+    .bind(if meta.encrypted { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&meta.schema_version)
+    .bind(&meta.description)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve backup metadata by UUID.
+pub async fn get_backup_meta(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<BackupMeta>> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM backups WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_backup_meta(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// List all backup records ordered by creation date descending.
+pub async fn list_backups(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<BackupMeta>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM backups ORDER BY created_at DESC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_backup_meta(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Delete a backup record by UUID.
+pub async fn delete_backup_meta(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM backups WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "Backup record '{id_str}' not found"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Create a consistent, atomic file snapshot of the database using SQLite VACUUM INTO.
+pub async fn vacuum_into(pool: &SqlitePool, target_file_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    // Check if target file already exists, remove it if so since VACUUM INTO fails if target exists
+    let path = std::path::Path::new(target_file_path);
+    if path.exists() {
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(path);
+    }
+    if let Some(parent) = path.parent().filter(|p| !p.exists()) {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+            .map_err(|e| DbError::Internal(format!("Failed to create backup directory: {e}")))?;
+    }
+
+    // SQLite VACUUM INTO requires a string literal filename
+    let escaped_path = target_file_path.replace('\'', "''");
+    let query_str = format!("VACUUM INTO '{escaped_path}'");
+    sqlx::query(&query_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/client_profiles.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/client_profiles.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..987033f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/client_profiles.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+//! Client Profile repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{ClientProfile, ConnectionType, DeviceCategory, NatType};
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into a `ClientProfile` domain struct.
+fn row_to_profile(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<ClientProfile> {
+    let id: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+    let provider: Option<String> = r.try_get("provider")?;
+    let device_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("device")?;
+    let connection_type_str: String = r.try_get("connection_type")?;
+    let nat_type_str: String = r.try_get("nat_type")?;
+    let mtu_i64: i64 = r.try_get("mtu")?;
+    let dns: Option<String> = r.try_get("dns")?;
+    let keepalive_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("persistent_keepalive")?;
+    let is_builtin_i64: i64 = r.try_get("is_builtin")?;
+    let description: Option<String> = r.try_get("description")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+    let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+    let device = match device_str {
+        Some(s) if !s.trim().is_empty() => Some(
+            DeviceCategory::from_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid device category '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+
+    let connection_type = ConnectionType::from_str(&connection_type_str).map_err(|e| {
+        DbError::Validation(format!(
+            "invalid connection type '{connection_type_str}': {e}"
+        ))
+    })?;
+
+    let nat_type = NatType::from_str(&nat_type_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid nat type '{nat_type_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    Ok(ClientProfile {
+        id,
+        name,
+        provider,
+        device,
+        connection_type,
+        nat_type,
+        mtu: mtu_i64 as u16,
+        dns,
+        persistent_keepalive: keepalive_i64.map(|k| k as u16),
+        is_builtin: is_builtin_i64 != 0,
+        description,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Create a new client profile.
+pub async fn create_client_profile(pool: &SqlitePool, profile: &ClientProfile) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = format_datetime(&Utc::now().naive_utc());
+    let device_str = profile.device.map(|d| d.as_str().to_string());
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO client_profiles (
+            id, name, provider, device, connection_type, nat_type,
+            mtu, dns, persistent_keepalive, is_builtin, description,
+            created_at, updated_at
+        ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&profile.id)
+    .bind(&profile.name)
+    .bind(&profile.provider)
+    .bind(&device_str)
+    .bind(profile.connection_type.as_str())
+    .bind(profile.nat_type.as_str())
+    .bind(profile.mtu as i64)
+    .bind(&profile.dns)
+    .bind(profile.persistent_keepalive.map(|k| k as i64))
+    .bind(if profile.is_builtin { 1i64 } else { 0i64 })
+    .bind(&profile.description)
+    .bind(&now)
+    .bind(&now)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| match e {
+        sqlx::Error::Database(ref db_err) if db_err.is_unique_violation() => {
+            DbError::Conflict(format!("client profile '{}' already exists", profile.id))
+        }
+        other => DbError::Sqlx(other),
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Fetch a client profile by ID.
+pub async fn get_client_profile(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<Option<ClientProfile>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM client_profiles WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(id)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    row.map(|r| row_to_profile(&r)).transpose()
+}
+
+/// List all client profiles ordered by built-in status (built-in first) then name.
+pub async fn list_client_profiles(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<ClientProfile>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM client_profiles ORDER BY is_builtin DESC, name ASC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    rows.iter().map(row_to_profile).collect()
+}
+
+/// Update a custom client profile. Built-in profiles cannot be modified.
+pub async fn update_client_profile(pool: &SqlitePool, profile: &ClientProfile) -> Result<()> {
+    let existing = get_client_profile(pool, &profile.id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| DbError::NotFound(format!("client profile '{}' not found", profile.id)))?;
+
+    if existing.is_builtin {
+        return Err(DbError::Validation(format!(
+            "built-in client profile '{}' cannot be modified",
+            profile.id
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let now = format_datetime(&Utc::now().naive_utc());
+    let device_str = profile.device.map(|d| d.as_str().to_string());
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE client_profiles SET
+            name = ?,
+            provider = ?,
+            device = ?,
+            connection_type = ?,
+            nat_type = ?,
+            mtu = ?,
+            dns = ?,
+            persistent_keepalive = ?,
+            description = ?,
+            updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ? AND is_builtin = 0
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&profile.name)
+    .bind(&profile.provider)
+    .bind(&device_str)
+    .bind(profile.connection_type.as_str())
+    .bind(profile.nat_type.as_str())
+    .bind(profile.mtu as i64)
+    .bind(&profile.dns)
+    .bind(profile.persistent_keepalive.map(|k| k as i64))
+    .bind(&profile.description)
+    .bind(&now)
+    .bind(&profile.id)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "client profile '{}' not found or is built-in",
+            profile.id
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a custom client profile. Built-in profiles cannot be deleted.
+pub async fn delete_client_profile(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let existing = get_client_profile(pool, id)
+        .await?
+        .ok_or_else(|| DbError::NotFound(format!("client profile '{id}' not found")))?;
+
+    if existing.is_builtin {
+        return Err(DbError::Validation(format!(
+            "built-in client profile '{id}' cannot be deleted"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM client_profiles WHERE id = ? AND is_builtin = 0")
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "client profile '{id}' not found or is built-in"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// List all distinct non-null provider identifiers.
+pub async fn list_distinct_providers(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        "SELECT DISTINCT provider FROM client_profiles WHERE provider IS NOT NULL AND provider != '' ORDER BY provider ASC",
+    )
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut providers = Vec::new();
+    for r in rows {
+        let p: Option<String> = r.try_get("provider")?;
+        if let Some(name) = p.filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty() && !providers.contains(s)) {
+            providers.push(name);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(providers)
+}
+
+/// Find matching profiles from database given criteria.
+pub async fn find_matching_profiles(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    provider: Option<&str>,
+    device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+    connection: Option<ConnectionType>,
+    nat: Option<NatType>,
+) -> Result<Vec<ClientProfile>> {
+    let all = list_client_profiles(pool).await?;
+    let mut filtered = Vec::new();
+
+    for p in all {
+        if let Some(req_p) = provider {
+            match p.provider {
+                Some(ref prof_p) if prof_p.eq_ignore_ascii_case(req_p) => {}
+                _ => continue,
+            }
+        }
+        if device.is_some_and(|req_d| p.device.is_some_and(|d| d != req_d)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if connection.is_some_and(|req_c| p.connection_type != req_c) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if nat.is_some_and(|req_n| p.nat_type != NatType::Unknown && p.nat_type != req_n) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        filtered.push(p);
+    }
+
+    Ok(filtered)
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/error.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023ff13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//! Database error types.
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+/// Result type for database operations.
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, DbError>;
+
+/// Database-specific errors.
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum DbError {
+    /// Entity was not found.
+    #[error("entity not found: {0}")]
+    NotFound(String),
+
+    /// Unique or foreign key constraint violation.
+    #[error("constraint violation: {0}")]
+    ConstraintViolation(String),
+
+    /// Conflict, e.g. entity already exists.
+    #[error("conflict: {0}")]
+    Conflict(String),
+
+    /// Validation error when converting from raw database values.
+    #[error("validation error: {0}")]
+    Validation(String),
+
+    /// SQLx database error.
+    #[error("database error: {0}")]
+    Sqlx(#[from] sqlx::Error),
+
+    /// Migration failure.
+    #[error("migration error: {0}")]
+    Migration(String),
+
+    /// Internal or unexpected error.
+    #[error("internal database error: {0}")]
+    Internal(String),
+}
+
+impl From<nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error> for DbError {
+    fn from(err: nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error) -> Self {
+        Self::Validation(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/firewall.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/firewall.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d69bea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/firewall.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+//! Firewall Rule repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into a `FirewallRule` domain struct.
+fn row_to_rule(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<FirewallRule> {
+    let id_str: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+    let interface_id_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("interface_id")?;
+    let peer_id_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("peer_id").unwrap_or(None);
+    let direction_str: String = r.try_get("direction")?;
+    let action_str: String = r.try_get("action")?;
+    let protocol_str: String = r.try_get("protocol")?;
+    let source: Option<String> = r.try_get("source")?;
+    let destination: Option<String> = r.try_get("destination")?;
+    let source_port_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("source_port")?;
+    let destination_port_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("destination_port")?;
+    let port_range: Option<String> = r.try_get("port_range").unwrap_or(None);
+    let priority_i64: i64 = r.try_get("priority")?;
+    let enabled_i64: i64 = r.try_get("enabled")?;
+    let description: Option<String> = r.try_get("description")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+    let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+    let id = Uuid::parse_str(&id_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid firewall rule UUID '{id_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    let interface_id = match interface_id_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(
+            Uuid::parse_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid interface UUID '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    let peer_id = match peer_id_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(
+            Uuid::parse_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid peer UUID '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    let direction = FirewallDirection::from_str(&direction_str)?;
+    let action = FirewallAction::from_str(&action_str)?;
+    let protocol = FirewallProtocol::from_str(&protocol_str)?;
+
+    Ok(FirewallRule {
+        id,
+        name,
+        interface_id,
+        peer_id,
+        direction,
+        action,
+        protocol,
+        source,
+        destination,
+        source_port: source_port_i64.map(|p| p as u16),
+        destination_port: destination_port_i64.map(|p| p as u16),
+        port_range,
+        priority: priority_i64 as i32,
+        enabled: enabled_i64 != 0,
+        description,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Create a new firewall rule record.
+pub async fn create_rule(pool: &SqlitePool, rule: &FirewallRule) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = rule.id.to_string();
+    let interface_id_str = rule.interface_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let peer_id_str = rule.peer_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&rule.created_at);
+    let updated_at_str = format_datetime(&rule.updated_at);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO firewall_rules (
+            id, name, interface_id, peer_id, direction, action, protocol,
+            source, destination, source_port, destination_port, port_range,
+            priority, enabled, description, created_at, updated_at
+        )
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .bind(&rule.name)
+    .bind(interface_id_str)
+    .bind(peer_id_str)
+    .bind(rule.direction.as_str())
+    .bind(rule.action.as_str())
+    .bind(rule.protocol.as_str())
+    .bind(&rule.source)
+    .bind(&rule.destination)
+    .bind(rule.source_port.map(|p| p as i64))
+    .bind(rule.destination_port.map(|p| p as i64))
+    .bind(&rule.port_range)
+    .bind(rule.priority as i64)
+    .bind(if rule.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&rule.description)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(&updated_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a firewall rule by UUID.
+pub async fn get_rule(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<FirewallRule>> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM firewall_rules WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_rule(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// List all firewall rules ordered by priority ascending.
+pub async fn list_rules(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<FirewallRule>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM firewall_rules ORDER BY priority ASC, name ASC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_rule(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// List firewall rules for a given interface ordered by priority ascending.
+pub async fn list_rules_for_interface(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    interface_id: Uuid,
+) -> Result<Vec<FirewallRule>> {
+    let iface_id_str = interface_id.to_string();
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        "SELECT * FROM firewall_rules WHERE interface_id = ? ORDER BY priority ASC, name ASC",
+    )
+    .bind(&iface_id_str)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_rule(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// List firewall rules for a given peer ordered by priority ascending.
+pub async fn list_rules_for_peer(pool: &SqlitePool, peer_id: Uuid) -> Result<Vec<FirewallRule>> {
+    let peer_id_str = peer_id.to_string();
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        "SELECT * FROM firewall_rules WHERE peer_id = ? ORDER BY priority ASC, name ASC",
+    )
+    .bind(&peer_id_str)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_rule(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Update a firewall rule record.
+pub async fn update_rule(pool: &SqlitePool, rule: &FirewallRule) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = rule.id.to_string();
+    let interface_id_str = rule.interface_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let peer_id_str = rule.peer_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE firewall_rules
+        SET name = ?, interface_id = ?, peer_id = ?, direction = ?, action = ?, protocol = ?,
+            source = ?, destination = ?, source_port = ?, destination_port = ?, port_range = ?,
+            priority = ?, enabled = ?, description = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&rule.name)
+    .bind(interface_id_str)
+    .bind(peer_id_str)
+    .bind(rule.direction.as_str())
+    .bind(rule.action.as_str())
+    .bind(rule.protocol.as_str())
+    .bind(&rule.source)
+    .bind(&rule.destination)
+    .bind(rule.source_port.map(|p| p as i64))
+    .bind(rule.destination_port.map(|p| p as i64))
+    .bind(&rule.port_range)
+    .bind(rule.priority as i64)
+    .bind(if rule.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&rule.description)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "Firewall rule '{id_str}' not found"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a firewall rule by UUID.
+pub async fn delete_rule(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM firewall_rules WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "Firewall rule '{id_str}' not found"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Enable or disable a firewall rule.
+pub async fn set_rule_enabled(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE firewall_rules
+        SET enabled = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(if enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "Firewall rule '{id_str}' not found"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/interfaces.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/interfaces.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1e1194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/interfaces.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+//! WireGuard Interface repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, WireGuardPrivateKey, WireGuardPublicKey};
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into an `Interface` domain struct.
+fn row_to_interface(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<Interface> {
+    let id_str: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+    let private_key_str: String = r.try_get("private_key")?;
+    let public_key_str: String = r.try_get("public_key")?;
+    let listen_port_i64: i64 = r.try_get("listen_port")?;
+    let ipv4_cidr_str: String = r.try_get("ipv4_cidr")?;
+    let ipv6_cidr_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("ipv6_cidr")?;
+    let mtu_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("mtu")?;
+    let dns: Option<String> = r.try_get("dns")?;
+    let enabled_i64: i64 = r.try_get("enabled")?;
+    let pre_up: Option<String> = r.try_get("pre_up")?;
+    let post_up: Option<String> = r.try_get("post_up")?;
+    let pre_down: Option<String> = r.try_get("pre_down")?;
+    let post_down: Option<String> = r.try_get("post_down")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+    let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+    let id = Uuid::parse_str(&id_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid interface UUID '{id_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    let address_v4 = IpNet::from_str(&ipv4_cidr_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid ipv4_cidr '{ipv4_cidr_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    let address_v6 = match ipv6_cidr_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(
+            IpNet::from_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid ipv6_cidr '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    Ok(Interface {
+        id,
+        name,
+        private_key: WireGuardPrivateKey::new(private_key_str),
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(public_key_str),
+        listen_port: listen_port_i64 as u16,
+        address_v4,
+        address_v6,
+        mtu: mtu_i64.map(|m| m as u16),
+        dns,
+        enabled: enabled_i64 != 0,
+        pre_up,
+        post_up,
+        pre_down,
+        post_down,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Create a new WireGuard interface desired configuration record.
+pub async fn create_interface(pool: &SqlitePool, iface: &Interface) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = iface.id.to_string();
+    let ipv4_str = iface.address_v4.to_string();
+    let ipv6_str = iface.address_v6.as_ref().map(|ip| ip.to_string());
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&iface.created_at);
+    let updated_at_str = format_datetime(&iface.updated_at);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO interfaces (
+            id, name, private_key, public_key, listen_port, ipv4_cidr, ipv6_cidr,
+            mtu, dns, enabled, pre_up, post_up, pre_down, post_down, created_at, updated_at
+        )
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .bind(&iface.name)
+    .bind(iface.private_key.as_str())
+    .bind(iface.public_key.as_str())
+    .bind(iface.listen_port as i64)
+    .bind(&ipv4_str)
+    .bind(ipv6_str)
+    .bind(iface.mtu.map(|m| m as i64))
+    .bind(&iface.dns)
+    .bind(if iface.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&iface.pre_up)
+    .bind(&iface.post_up)
+    .bind(&iface.pre_down)
+    .bind(&iface.post_down)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(&updated_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| match &e {
+        sqlx::Error::Database(dbe) if dbe.is_unique_violation() => DbError::Conflict(format!(
+            "Interface with name '{}' already exists",
+            iface.name
+        )),
+        _ => DbError::Sqlx(e),
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve an interface by its UUID.
+pub async fn get_interface(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<Interface>> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM interfaces WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_interface(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve an interface by its name.
+pub async fn get_interface_by_name(pool: &SqlitePool, name: &str) -> Result<Option<Interface>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM interfaces WHERE name = ?")
+        .bind(name)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_interface(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// List all interfaces.
+pub async fn list_interfaces(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<Interface>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM interfaces ORDER BY name ASC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_interface(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Update an interface record.
+pub async fn update_interface(pool: &SqlitePool, iface: &Interface) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = iface.id.to_string();
+    let ipv4_str = iface.address_v4.to_string();
+    let ipv6_str = iface.address_v6.as_ref().map(|ip| ip.to_string());
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE interfaces
+        SET name = ?, private_key = ?, public_key = ?, listen_port = ?,
+            ipv4_cidr = ?, ipv6_cidr = ?, mtu = ?, dns = ?, enabled = ?,
+            pre_up = ?, post_up = ?, pre_down = ?, post_down = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&iface.name)
+    .bind(iface.private_key.as_str())
+    .bind(iface.public_key.as_str())
+    .bind(iface.listen_port as i64)
+    .bind(&ipv4_str)
+    .bind(ipv6_str)
+    .bind(iface.mtu.map(|m| m as i64))
+    .bind(&iface.dns)
+    .bind(if iface.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&iface.pre_up)
+    .bind(&iface.post_up)
+    .bind(&iface.pre_down)
+    .bind(&iface.post_down)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete an interface by UUID. Peers are deleted automatically via ON DELETE CASCADE.
+pub async fn delete_interface(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM interfaces WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Enable or disable an interface.
+pub async fn set_interface_enabled(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE interfaces
+        SET enabled = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(if enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Interface '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/lib.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bbca4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//! SQLite persistence layer for nx9-wg.
+//!
+//! Provides the authoritative desired-state storage, administrator identity,
+//! authentication state, interfaces, peers, networks, routes, firewall rules,
+//! system settings, backup metadata, and audit records.
+
+pub mod admin;
+pub mod audit;
+pub mod backups;
+pub mod client_profiles;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod firewall;
+pub mod interfaces;
+pub mod login_attempts;
+pub mod migrations;
+pub mod models;
+pub mod networks;
+pub mod peers;
+pub mod routes;
+pub mod sessions;
+pub mod settings;
+pub mod store;
+pub mod tokens;
+
+pub use audit::AuditFilter;
+pub use error::{DbError, Result};
+pub use migrations::run_migrations;
+pub use store::Store;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/login_attempts.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/login_attempts.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca1278a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/login_attempts.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+//! Login attempt tracking repository for brute-force protection.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::LoginAttempt;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+
+/// Record a login attempt (successful or failed).
+pub async fn record_login_attempt(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    ip_address: &str,
+    success: bool,
+) -> Result<i64> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO login_attempts (ip_address, attempted_at, success)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(ip_address)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(if success { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.last_insert_rowid())
+}
+
+/// Count failed login attempts from a given IP address within the last `window_minutes`.
+pub async fn count_recent_failed_attempts(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    ip_address: &str,
+    window_minutes: i64,
+) -> Result<i64> {
+    let cutoff = Utc::now().naive_utc() - Duration::minutes(window_minutes);
+    let cutoff_str = format_datetime(&cutoff);
+
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT COUNT(*) as count
+        FROM login_attempts
+        WHERE ip_address = ? AND success = 0 AND attempted_at >= ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(ip_address)
+    .bind(&cutoff_str)
+    .fetch_one(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let count: i64 = row.try_get("count")?;
+    Ok(count)
+}
+
+/// Clear login attempts for an IP (e.g. after successful login).
+pub async fn clear_login_attempts(pool: &SqlitePool, ip_address: &str) -> Result<u64> {
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM login_attempts WHERE ip_address = ?")
+        .bind(ip_address)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.rows_affected())
+}
+
+/// Purge old login attempts older than `retention_hours`.
+pub async fn purge_old_login_attempts(pool: &SqlitePool, retention_hours: i64) -> Result<u64> {
+    let cutoff = Utc::now().naive_utc() - Duration::hours(retention_hours);
+    let cutoff_str = format_datetime(&cutoff);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM login_attempts WHERE attempted_at < ?")
+        .bind(&cutoff_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.rows_affected())
+}
+
+/// List recent login attempts for diagnostics.
+pub async fn list_recent_login_attempts(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    limit: u32,
+) -> Result<Vec<LoginAttempt>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, ip_address, attempted_at, success
+        FROM login_attempts
+        ORDER BY id DESC
+        LIMIT ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(limit as i64)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        let id: i64 = r.try_get("id")?;
+        let ip_address: String = r.try_get("ip_address")?;
+        let attempted_at_str: String = r.try_get("attempted_at")?;
+        let success_i64: i64 = r.try_get("success")?;
+
+        list.push(LoginAttempt {
+            id,
+            ip_address,
+            attempted_at: parse_datetime(&attempted_at_str)?,
+            success: success_i64 != 0,
+        });
+    }
+
+    Ok(list)
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/migrations.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/migrations.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..167c490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/migrations.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//! Database migration runner.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use sqlx::SqlitePool;
+
+/// Embed migrations from the `migrations` directory.
+pub static MIGRATOR: sqlx::migrate::Migrator = sqlx::migrate!("./migrations");
+
+/// Run all pending SQLite database migrations.
+pub async fn run_migrations(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<()> {
+    MIGRATOR
+        .run(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Migration(e.to_string()))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/models.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/models.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c157044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/models.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//! Database row models and conversion utilities.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Parse a string into a `NaiveDateTime` supporting multiple common SQLite date formats.
+pub fn parse_datetime(s: &str) -> Result<NaiveDateTime> {
+    // Try standard formats: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS", "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS", RFC3339
+    if let Ok(dt) = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") {
+        return Ok(dt);
+    }
+    if let Ok(dt) = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S") {
+        return Ok(dt);
+    }
+    if let Ok(dt) = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f") {
+        return Ok(dt);
+    }
+    if let Ok(dt) = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(s, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%.f") {
+        return Ok(dt);
+    }
+    if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(s) {
+        return Ok(dt.naive_utc());
+    }
+    NaiveDateTime::from_str(s)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid datetime string '{s}': {e}")))
+}
+
+/// Format a `NaiveDateTime` to standard SQLite string format: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS".
+pub fn format_datetime(dt: &NaiveDateTime) -> String {
+    dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S").to_string()
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/networks.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/networks.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3b298a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/networks.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+//! Network repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into a `Network` domain struct.
+fn row_to_network(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<Network> {
+    let id_str: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+    let cidr_str: String = r.try_get("cidr")?;
+    let enabled_i64: i64 = r.try_get("enabled")?;
+    let description: Option<String> = r.try_get("description")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+    let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+    let id = Uuid::parse_str(&id_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid network UUID '{id_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    let cidr = IpNet::from_str(&cidr_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid network CIDR '{cidr_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    Ok(Network {
+        id,
+        name,
+        cidr,
+        enabled: enabled_i64 != 0,
+        description,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Create a new network record.
+pub async fn create_network(pool: &SqlitePool, net: &Network) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = net.id.to_string();
+    let cidr_str = net.cidr.to_string();
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&net.created_at);
+    let updated_at_str = format_datetime(&net.updated_at);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO networks (id, name, cidr, enabled, description, created_at, updated_at)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .bind(&net.name)
+    .bind(&cidr_str)
+    .bind(if net.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&net.description)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(&updated_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| match &e {
+        sqlx::Error::Database(dbe) if dbe.is_unique_violation() => {
+            DbError::Conflict(format!("Network with name '{}' already exists", net.name))
+        }
+        _ => DbError::Sqlx(e),
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a network by UUID.
+pub async fn get_network(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<Network>> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM networks WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_network(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a network by name.
+pub async fn get_network_by_name(pool: &SqlitePool, name: &str) -> Result<Option<Network>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM networks WHERE name = ?")
+        .bind(name)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_network(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// List all networks.
+pub async fn list_networks(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<Network>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM networks ORDER BY name ASC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_network(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Update a network record.
+pub async fn update_network(pool: &SqlitePool, net: &Network) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = net.id.to_string();
+    let cidr_str = net.cidr.to_string();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE networks
+        SET name = ?, cidr = ?, enabled = ?, description = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&net.name)
+    .bind(&cidr_str)
+    .bind(if net.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&net.description)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Network '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a network by UUID.
+pub async fn delete_network(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM networks WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Network '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/peers.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/peers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a5e13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/peers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+//! WireGuard Peer repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{
+    Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType, WireGuardPresharedKey, WireGuardPrivateKey,
+    WireGuardPublicKey,
+};
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into a `Peer` domain struct.
+fn row_to_peer(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<Peer> {
+    let id_str: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let interface_id_str: String = r.try_get("interface_id")?;
+    let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+    let peer_type_str: String = r.try_get("peer_type")?;
+    let state_str: String = r.try_get("state")?;
+    let profile_str: String = r.try_get("profile")?;
+    let public_key_str: String = r.try_get("public_key")?;
+    let private_key_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("private_key")?;
+    let preshared_key_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("preshared_key")?;
+    let endpoint: Option<String> = r.try_get("endpoint")?;
+    let allowed_ips: String = r.try_get("allowed_ips")?;
+    let server_allowed_ips: Option<String> = r.try_get("server_allowed_ips")?;
+    let address_ipv4_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("address_ipv4")?;
+    let address_ipv6_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("address_ipv6")?;
+    let dns: Option<String> = r.try_get("dns")?;
+    let mtu_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("mtu")?;
+    let persistent_keepalive_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("persistent_keepalive")?;
+    let expires_at_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("expires_at")?;
+    let last_handshake_at_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_handshake_at")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+    let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+    let id = Uuid::parse_str(&id_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid peer UUID '{id_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    let interface_id = Uuid::parse_str(&interface_id_str).map_err(|e| {
+        DbError::Validation(format!("invalid interface UUID '{interface_id_str}': {e}"))
+    })?;
+
+    let peer_type = PeerType::from_str(&peer_type_str)?;
+    let state = PeerState::from_str(&state_str)?;
+    let profile = PeerProfile::from_str(&profile_str)?;
+
+    let address_v4 =
+        match address_ipv4_str {
+            Some(s) => Some(IpNet::from_str(&s).map_err(|e| {
+                DbError::Validation(format!("invalid peer address_ipv4 '{s}': {e}"))
+            })?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+    let address_v6 =
+        match address_ipv6_str {
+            Some(s) => Some(IpNet::from_str(&s).map_err(|e| {
+                DbError::Validation(format!("invalid peer address_ipv6 '{s}': {e}"))
+            })?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+    let expires_at = match expires_at_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    let last_handshake_at = match last_handshake_at_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    Ok(Peer {
+        id,
+        interface_id,
+        name,
+        peer_type,
+        state,
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(public_key_str),
+        private_key: private_key_str.map(WireGuardPrivateKey::new),
+        preshared_key: preshared_key_str.map(WireGuardPresharedKey::new),
+        endpoint,
+        allowed_ips,
+        server_allowed_ips,
+        address_v4,
+        address_v6,
+        dns,
+        mtu: mtu_i64.map(|m| m as u16),
+        persistent_keepalive: persistent_keepalive_i64.map(|k| k as u16),
+        profile,
+        expires_at,
+        last_handshake_at,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Create a new WireGuard peer record.
+pub async fn create_peer(pool: &SqlitePool, peer: &Peer) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = peer.id.to_string();
+    let interface_id_str = peer.interface_id.to_string();
+    let ipv4_str = peer.address_v4.as_ref().map(|ip| ip.to_string());
+    let ipv6_str = peer.address_v6.as_ref().map(|ip| ip.to_string());
+    let expires_at_str = peer.expires_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let last_handshake_str = peer.last_handshake_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&peer.created_at);
+    let updated_at_str = format_datetime(&peer.updated_at);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO peers (
+            id, interface_id, name, peer_type, state, profile, public_key, private_key, preshared_key,
+            endpoint, allowed_ips, server_allowed_ips, address_ipv4, address_ipv6, dns, mtu,
+            persistent_keepalive, expires_at, last_handshake_at, created_at, updated_at
+        )
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .bind(&interface_id_str)
+    .bind(&peer.name)
+    .bind(peer.peer_type.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.state.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.profile.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.public_key.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.private_key.as_ref().map(|pk| pk.as_str()))
+    .bind(peer.preshared_key.as_ref().map(|psk| psk.as_str()))
+    .bind(&peer.endpoint)
+    .bind(&peer.allowed_ips)
+    .bind(&peer.server_allowed_ips)
+    .bind(ipv4_str)
+    .bind(ipv6_str)
+    .bind(&peer.dns)
+    .bind(peer.mtu.map(|m| m as i64))
+    .bind(peer.persistent_keepalive.map(|k| k as i64))
+    .bind(expires_at_str)
+    .bind(last_handshake_str)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(&updated_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| match &e {
+        sqlx::Error::Database(dbe) if dbe.is_unique_violation() => {
+            DbError::Conflict(format!("Peer with name '{}' or public key already exists for this interface", peer.name))
+        }
+        sqlx::Error::Database(dbe) if dbe.is_foreign_key_violation() => {
+            DbError::ConstraintViolation(format!("Referenced interface '{}' does not exist", peer.interface_id))
+        }
+        _ => DbError::Sqlx(e),
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a peer by its UUID.
+pub async fn get_peer(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<Peer>> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM peers WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_peer(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a peer by name within an interface.
+pub async fn get_peer_by_name(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    interface_id: Uuid,
+    name: &str,
+) -> Result<Option<Peer>> {
+    let iface_id_str = interface_id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM peers WHERE interface_id = ? AND name = ?")
+        .bind(&iface_id_str)
+        .bind(name)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_peer(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a peer by public key within an interface.
+pub async fn get_peer_by_public_key(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    interface_id: Uuid,
+    public_key: &str,
+) -> Result<Option<Peer>> {
+    let iface_id_str = interface_id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM peers WHERE interface_id = ? AND public_key = ?")
+        .bind(&iface_id_str)
+        .bind(public_key)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_peer(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// List all peers for a given interface.
+pub async fn list_peers_for_interface(pool: &SqlitePool, interface_id: Uuid) -> Result<Vec<Peer>> {
+    let iface_id_str = interface_id.to_string();
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM peers WHERE interface_id = ? ORDER BY name ASC")
+        .bind(&iface_id_str)
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_peer(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// List all peers across all interfaces.
+pub async fn list_all_peers(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<Peer>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM peers ORDER BY name ASC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_peer(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Update a peer record.
+pub async fn update_peer(pool: &SqlitePool, peer: &Peer) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = peer.id.to_string();
+    let interface_id_str = peer.interface_id.to_string();
+    let ipv4_str = peer.address_v4.as_ref().map(|ip| ip.to_string());
+    let ipv6_str = peer.address_v6.as_ref().map(|ip| ip.to_string());
+    let expires_at_str = peer.expires_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let last_handshake_str = peer.last_handshake_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE peers
+        SET interface_id = ?, name = ?, peer_type = ?, state = ?, profile = ?,
+            public_key = ?, private_key = ?, preshared_key = ?, endpoint = ?,
+            allowed_ips = ?, server_allowed_ips = ?, address_ipv4 = ?, address_ipv6 = ?,
+            dns = ?, mtu = ?, persistent_keepalive = ?, expires_at = ?,
+            last_handshake_at = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&interface_id_str)
+    .bind(&peer.name)
+    .bind(peer.peer_type.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.state.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.profile.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.public_key.as_str())
+    .bind(peer.private_key.as_ref().map(|pk| pk.as_str()))
+    .bind(peer.preshared_key.as_ref().map(|psk| psk.as_str()))
+    .bind(&peer.endpoint)
+    .bind(&peer.allowed_ips)
+    .bind(&peer.server_allowed_ips)
+    .bind(ipv4_str)
+    .bind(ipv6_str)
+    .bind(&peer.dns)
+    .bind(peer.mtu.map(|m| m as i64))
+    .bind(peer.persistent_keepalive.map(|k| k as i64))
+    .bind(expires_at_str)
+    .bind(last_handshake_str)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Update peer state (active, disabled, revoked, expired).
+pub async fn set_peer_state(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid, state: PeerState) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE peers
+        SET state = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(state.as_str())
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Update operational last_handshake_at timestamp.
+pub async fn update_peer_handshake(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    id: Uuid,
+    handshake_at: NaiveDateTime,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let handshake_str = format_datetime(&handshake_at);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE peers
+        SET last_handshake_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&handshake_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a peer by UUID.
+pub async fn delete_peer(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM peers WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Peer '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve all allocated IP addresses (CIDR strings) for an interface or across all interfaces.
+pub async fn get_allocated_ips(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let rows = match interface_id {
+        Some(iface_id) => {
+            let iface_id_str = iface_id.to_string();
+            sqlx::query(
+                r#"
+                SELECT address_ipv4, address_ipv6
+                FROM peers
+                WHERE interface_id = ? AND state != 'revoked'
+                "#,
+            )
+            .bind(&iface_id_str)
+            .fetch_all(pool)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?
+        }
+        None => sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+                SELECT address_ipv4, address_ipv6
+                FROM peers
+                WHERE state != 'revoked'
+                "#,
+        )
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?,
+    };
+
+    let mut allocated = Vec::new();
+    for r in rows {
+        let v4: Option<String> = r.try_get("address_ipv4")?;
+        let v6: Option<String> = r.try_get("address_ipv6")?;
+        if let Some(ip) = v4.as_ref().filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty()) {
+            allocated.push(ip.clone());
+        }
+        if let Some(ip) = v6.as_ref().filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty()) {
+            allocated.push(ip.clone());
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(allocated)
+}
+
+/// Find active peers whose expiration timestamp has passed.
+pub async fn get_expired_active_peers(pool: &SqlitePool, now: NaiveDateTime) -> Result<Vec<Peer>> {
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT * FROM peers
+        WHERE state = 'active' AND expires_at IS NOT NULL AND expires_at <= ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_peer(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Mark a peer as expired.
+pub async fn mark_peer_expired(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    set_peer_state(pool, id, PeerState::Expired).await
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/routes.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/routes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bed980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/routes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+//! Route repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Helper to convert a database row into a `Route` domain struct.
+fn row_to_route(r: &sqlx::sqlite::SqliteRow) -> Result<Route> {
+    let id_str: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+    let network_id_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("network_id")?;
+    let interface_id_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("interface_id")?;
+    let destination_str: String = r.try_get("destination")?;
+    let gateway_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("gateway")?;
+    let metric_i64: Option<i64> = r.try_get("metric")?;
+    let enabled_i64: i64 = r.try_get("enabled")?;
+    let description: Option<String> = r.try_get("description")?;
+    let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+    let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+    let id = Uuid::parse_str(&id_str)
+        .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid route UUID '{id_str}': {e}")))?;
+
+    let network_id = match network_id_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(
+            Uuid::parse_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid network UUID '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    let interface_id = match interface_id_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(
+            Uuid::parse_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid interface UUID '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    let destination = IpNet::from_str(&destination_str).map_err(|e| {
+        DbError::Validation(format!("invalid destination CIDR '{destination_str}': {e}"))
+    })?;
+
+    let gateway = match gateway_str {
+        Some(s) => Some(
+            IpAddr::from_str(&s)
+                .map_err(|e| DbError::Validation(format!("invalid gateway IP '{s}': {e}")))?,
+        ),
+        None => None,
+    };
+
+    Ok(Route {
+        id,
+        network_id,
+        interface_id,
+        destination,
+        gateway,
+        interface_name: None,
+        metric: metric_i64.map(|m| m as u32),
+        enabled: enabled_i64 != 0,
+        description,
+        created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+        updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Create a new route record.
+pub async fn create_route(pool: &SqlitePool, route: &Route) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = route.id.to_string();
+    let network_id_str = route.network_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let interface_id_str = route.interface_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let dest_str = route.destination.to_string();
+    let gateway_str = route.gateway.map(|g| g.to_string());
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&route.created_at);
+    let updated_at_str = format_datetime(&route.updated_at);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO routes (
+            id, network_id, interface_id, destination, gateway,
+            metric, enabled, description, created_at, updated_at
+        )
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .bind(network_id_str)
+    .bind(interface_id_str)
+    .bind(&dest_str)
+    .bind(gateway_str)
+    .bind(route.metric.map(|m| m as i64))
+    .bind(if route.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&route.description)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(&updated_at_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a route by UUID.
+pub async fn get_route(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<Route>> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM routes WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => Ok(Some(row_to_route(&r)?)),
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// List all routes.
+pub async fn list_routes(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<Route>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM routes ORDER BY destination ASC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_route(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// List routes referencing a given network.
+pub async fn list_routes_for_network(pool: &SqlitePool, network_id: Uuid) -> Result<Vec<Route>> {
+    let net_id_str = network_id.to_string();
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM routes WHERE network_id = ? ORDER BY destination ASC")
+        .bind(&net_id_str)
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_route(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// List routes referencing a given interface.
+pub async fn list_routes_for_interface(
+    pool: &SqlitePool,
+    interface_id: Uuid,
+) -> Result<Vec<Route>> {
+    let iface_id_str = interface_id.to_string();
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM routes WHERE interface_id = ? ORDER BY destination ASC")
+        .bind(&iface_id_str)
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        list.push(row_to_route(&r)?);
+    }
+    Ok(list)
+}
+
+/// Update a route record.
+pub async fn update_route(pool: &SqlitePool, route: &Route) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = route.id.to_string();
+    let network_id_str = route.network_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let interface_id_str = route.interface_id.map(|id| id.to_string());
+    let dest_str = route.destination.to_string();
+    let gateway_str = route.gateway.map(|g| g.to_string());
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE routes
+        SET network_id = ?, interface_id = ?, destination = ?, gateway = ?,
+            metric = ?, enabled = ?, description = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(network_id_str)
+    .bind(interface_id_str)
+    .bind(&dest_str)
+    .bind(gateway_str)
+    .bind(route.metric.map(|m| m as i64))
+    .bind(if route.enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&route.description)
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Route '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a route by UUID.
+pub async fn delete_route(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM routes WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&id_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Route '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Enable or disable a route.
+pub async fn set_route_enabled(pool: &SqlitePool, id: Uuid, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let id_str = id.to_string();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE routes
+        SET enabled = ?, updated_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(if enabled { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(&id_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Route '{id_str}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/sessions.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/sessions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6fcd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/sessions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+//! Session repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Session;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+
+/// Create a new session.
+pub async fn create_session(pool: &SqlitePool, session: &Session) -> Result<()> {
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&session.created_at);
+    let expires_at_str = format_datetime(&session.expires_at);
+    let last_seen_str = session.last_seen_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO sessions (id, admin_id, ip_address, user_agent, created_at, expires_at, last_seen_at)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&session.id)
+    .bind(session.admin_id)
+    .bind(&session.ip_address)
+    .bind(&session.user_agent)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(&expires_at_str)
+    .bind(last_seen_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve a session by its ID.
+pub async fn get_session(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<Option<Session>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, admin_id, ip_address, user_agent, created_at, expires_at, last_seen_at
+        FROM sessions
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(id)
+    .fetch_optional(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => {
+            let id: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+            let admin_id: i64 = r.try_get("admin_id")?;
+            let ip_address: Option<String> = r.try_get("ip_address")?;
+            let user_agent: Option<String> = r.try_get("user_agent")?;
+            let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+            let expires_at_str: String = r.try_get("expires_at")?;
+            let last_seen_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_seen_at")?;
+
+            let last_seen_at = match last_seen_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            Ok(Some(Session {
+                id,
+                admin_id,
+                created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+                expires_at: parse_datetime(&expires_at_str)?,
+                last_seen_at,
+                ip_address,
+                user_agent,
+            }))
+        }
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Touch a session by updating its `last_seen_at` to the current time.
+pub async fn touch_session(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE sessions
+        SET last_seen_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(id)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("Session '{id}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a session by ID (logout).
+pub async fn delete_session(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete all expired sessions. Returns the count of deleted sessions.
+pub async fn delete_expired_sessions(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<u64> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE expires_at < ?")
+        .bind(&now_str)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.rows_affected())
+}
+
+/// Delete all sessions for the given administrator (e.g. after password reset).
+pub async fn delete_all_admin_sessions(pool: &SqlitePool, admin_id: i64) -> Result<u64> {
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE admin_id = ?")
+        .bind(admin_id)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.rows_affected())
+}
+
+/// List all active and unexpired sessions.
+pub async fn list_sessions(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<Session>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query("SELECT id, admin_id, ip_address, user_agent, created_at, expires_at, last_seen_at FROM sessions ORDER BY created_at DESC")
+        .fetch_all(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut sessions = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        let id: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+        let admin_id: i64 = r.try_get("admin_id")?;
+        let ip_address: Option<String> = r.try_get("ip_address")?;
+        let user_agent: Option<String> = r.try_get("user_agent")?;
+        let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+        let expires_at_str: String = r.try_get("expires_at")?;
+        let last_seen_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_seen_at")?;
+
+        let last_seen_at = match last_seen_str {
+            Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+        sessions.push(Session {
+            id,
+            admin_id,
+            created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+            expires_at: parse_datetime(&expires_at_str)?,
+            last_seen_at,
+            ip_address,
+            user_agent,
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(sessions)
+}
+
+/// Delete all sessions unconditionally.
+pub async fn delete_all_sessions(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<u64> {
+    let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions")
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+    Ok(result.rows_affected())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/settings.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/settings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c46fa4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/settings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//! Settings repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::settings::Setting;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+
+/// Retrieve a setting by its key.
+pub async fn get_setting(pool: &SqlitePool, key: &str) -> Result<Option<Setting>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query("SELECT key, value, is_secret, updated_at FROM settings WHERE key = ?")
+        .bind(key)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => {
+            let key: String = r.try_get("key")?;
+            let value: String = r.try_get("value")?;
+            let is_secret_i64: i64 = r.try_get("is_secret")?;
+            let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+            Ok(Some(Setting {
+                key,
+                value,
+                is_secret: is_secret_i64 != 0,
+                updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+            }))
+        }
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieve only the string value of a setting, if present.
+pub async fn get_setting_value(pool: &SqlitePool, key: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+    let setting = get_setting(pool, key).await?;
+    Ok(setting.map(|s| s.value))
+}
+
+/// Upsert a setting key-value pair.
+pub async fn set_setting(pool: &SqlitePool, key: &str, value: &str, is_secret: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO settings (key, value, is_secret, updated_at)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+        ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET
+            value = excluded.value,
+            is_secret = excluded.is_secret,
+            updated_at = excluded.updated_at
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(key)
+    .bind(value)
+    .bind(if is_secret { 1 } else { 0 })
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete a setting by key.
+pub async fn delete_setting(pool: &SqlitePool, key: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM settings WHERE key = ?")
+        .bind(key)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// List all settings.
+pub async fn list_settings(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<Setting>> {
+    let rows =
+        sqlx::query("SELECT key, value, is_secret, updated_at FROM settings ORDER BY key ASC")
+            .fetch_all(pool)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut list = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        let key: String = r.try_get("key")?;
+        let value: String = r.try_get("value")?;
+        let is_secret_i64: i64 = r.try_get("is_secret")?;
+        let updated_at_str: String = r.try_get("updated_at")?;
+
+        list.push(Setting {
+            key,
+            value,
+            is_secret: is_secret_i64 != 0,
+            updated_at: parse_datetime(&updated_at_str)?,
+        });
+    }
+
+    Ok(list)
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/store.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/store.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d39a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/store.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+//! Central database `Store` providing connection lifecycle, migrations, and repository access.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::migrations::run_migrations;
+use sqlx::SqlitePool;
+use sqlx::sqlite::{SqliteConnectOptions, SqliteJournalMode, SqlitePoolOptions, SqliteSynchronous};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Central database store handle wrapping the SQLite connection pool.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Store {
+    pool: SqlitePool,
+}
+
+impl Store {
+    /// Connect to a SQLite database by path, ensuring directory creation and setting WAL/foreign keys.
+    pub async fn connect_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Self> {
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+        if let Some(parent) = path
+            .parent()
+            .filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty() && !p.exists())
+        {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| {
+                DbError::Internal(format!(
+                    "failed to create database parent directory '{}': {e}",
+                    parent.display()
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        let opts = SqliteConnectOptions::new()
+            .filename(path)
+            .create_if_missing(true)
+            .journal_mode(SqliteJournalMode::Wal)
+            .synchronous(SqliteSynchronous::Normal)
+            .foreign_keys(true)
+            .busy_timeout(Duration::from_millis(5000));
+
+        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
+            .max_connections(10)
+            .min_connections(1)
+            .acquire_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
+            .connect_with(opts)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+        Ok(Self { pool })
+    }
+
+    /// Connect to a SQLite database using a connection string URL (e.g. `sqlite:///var/lib/nx9-wg/nx9-wg.db`).
+    pub async fn connect(database_url: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let opts = SqliteConnectOptions::from_str(database_url)
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                DbError::Validation(format!("invalid database URL '{database_url}': {e}"))
+            })?
+            .create_if_missing(true)
+            .journal_mode(SqliteJournalMode::Wal)
+            .synchronous(SqliteSynchronous::Normal)
+            .foreign_keys(true)
+            .busy_timeout(Duration::from_millis(5000));
+
+        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
+            .max_connections(10)
+            .min_connections(1)
+            .acquire_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
+            .connect_with(opts)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+        Ok(Self { pool })
+    }
+
+    /// Create an in-memory SQLite database store (useful for tests).
+    pub async fn connect_in_memory() -> Result<Self> {
+        let opts = SqliteConnectOptions::new()
+            .filename(":memory:")
+            .foreign_keys(true)
+            .busy_timeout(Duration::from_millis(5000));
+
+        // In-memory SQLite databases require max_connections=1 so the same DB is shared across queries
+        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
+            .max_connections(1)
+            .connect_with(opts)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+        Ok(Self { pool })
+    }
+
+    /// Run all pending SQLx migrations.
+    pub async fn migrate(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        run_migrations(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the underlying `SqlitePool`.
+    pub fn pool(&self) -> &SqlitePool {
+        &self.pool
+    }
+
+    /// Check database connectivity with a simple SELECT 1 query.
+    pub async fn health_check(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        sqlx::query("SELECT 1")
+            .execute(&self.pool)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Close the connection pool gracefully.
+    pub async fn close(&self) {
+        self.pool.close().await;
+    }
+
+    // ── Repository convenience accessors ───────────────────────────────
+
+    // Administrator
+    pub async fn get_admin(&self) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Admin>> {
+        crate::admin::get_admin(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_admin_by_username(
+        &self,
+        username: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Admin>> {
+        crate::admin::get_admin_by_username(&self.pool, username).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn admin_exists(&self) -> Result<bool> {
+        crate::admin::admin_exists(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_admin(
+        &self,
+        username: &str,
+        password_hash: &str,
+    ) -> Result<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Admin> {
+        crate::admin::create_admin(&self.pool, username, password_hash).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_admin_password(&self, new_password_hash: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::admin::update_admin_password(&self.pool, new_password_hash).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_admin_totp(&self, secret: Option<&str>, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::admin::update_admin_totp(&self.pool, secret, enabled).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn record_admin_login(&self, ip_address: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::admin::record_admin_login(&self.pool, ip_address).await
+    }
+
+    // Sessions
+    pub async fn create_session(&self, session: &nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Session) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::sessions::create_session(&self.pool, session).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_session(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Session>> {
+        crate::sessions::get_session(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn touch_session(&self, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::sessions::touch_session(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_session(&self, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::sessions::delete_session(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_expired_sessions(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+        crate::sessions::delete_expired_sessions(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_all_admin_sessions(&self, admin_id: i64) -> Result<u64> {
+        crate::sessions::delete_all_admin_sessions(&self.pool, admin_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_sessions(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::Session>> {
+        crate::sessions::list_sessions(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_all_sessions(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+        crate::sessions::delete_all_sessions(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    // Login Attempts (Rate Limiting)
+    pub async fn record_login_attempt(&self, ip_address: &str, success: bool) -> Result<i64> {
+        crate::login_attempts::record_login_attempt(&self.pool, ip_address, success).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn count_recent_failed_attempts(
+        &self,
+        ip_address: &str,
+        window_minutes: i64,
+    ) -> Result<i64> {
+        crate::login_attempts::count_recent_failed_attempts(&self.pool, ip_address, window_minutes)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn clear_login_attempts(&self, ip_address: &str) -> Result<u64> {
+        crate::login_attempts::clear_login_attempts(&self.pool, ip_address).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn purge_old_login_attempts(&self, retention_hours: i64) -> Result<u64> {
+        crate::login_attempts::purge_old_login_attempts(&self.pool, retention_hours).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_recent_login_attempts(
+        &self,
+        limit: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::LoginAttempt>> {
+        crate::login_attempts::list_recent_login_attempts(&self.pool, limit).await
+    }
+
+    // API Tokens
+    pub async fn create_token(&self, token: &nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::tokens::create_token(&self.pool, token).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_tokens(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken>> {
+        crate::tokens::list_tokens(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_token(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken>> {
+        crate::tokens::get_token(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn find_token_by_hash(
+        &self,
+        hash: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken>> {
+        crate::tokens::find_token_by_hash(&self.pool, hash).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn mark_token_used(&self, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::tokens::mark_token_used(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn revoke_token(&self, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::tokens::revoke_token(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_token(&self, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::tokens::delete_token(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_expired_tokens(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+        crate::tokens::delete_expired_tokens(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    // Interfaces
+    pub async fn create_interface(
+        &self,
+        iface: &nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::interfaces::create_interface(&self.pool, iface).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_interface(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface>> {
+        crate::interfaces::get_interface(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_interface_by_name(
+        &self,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface>> {
+        crate::interfaces::get_interface_by_name(&self.pool, name).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_interfaces(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface>> {
+        crate::interfaces::list_interfaces(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_interface(
+        &self,
+        iface: &nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::interfaces::update_interface(&self.pool, iface).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_interface(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::interfaces::delete_interface(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_interface_enabled(&self, id: uuid::Uuid, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::interfaces::set_interface_enabled(&self.pool, id, enabled).await
+    }
+
+    // Peers
+    pub async fn create_peer(&self, peer: &nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::peers::create_peer(&self.pool, peer).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_peer(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer>> {
+        crate::peers::get_peer(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_peer_by_name(
+        &self,
+        iface_id: uuid::Uuid,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer>> {
+        crate::peers::get_peer_by_name(&self.pool, iface_id, name).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_peer_by_public_key(
+        &self,
+        iface_id: uuid::Uuid,
+        pub_key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer>> {
+        crate::peers::get_peer_by_public_key(&self.pool, iface_id, pub_key).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_peers_for_interface(
+        &self,
+        iface_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer>> {
+        crate::peers::list_peers_for_interface(&self.pool, iface_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_all_peers(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer>> {
+        crate::peers::list_all_peers(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_peer(&self, peer: &nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::peers::update_peer(&self.pool, peer).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_peer_state(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+        state: nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::peers::set_peer_state(&self.pool, id, state).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_peer_handshake(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+        handshake_at: chrono::NaiveDateTime,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::peers::update_peer_handshake(&self.pool, id, handshake_at).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_peer(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::peers::delete_peer(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_allocated_ips(&self, interface_id: Option<uuid::Uuid>) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        crate::peers::get_allocated_ips(&self.pool, interface_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_expired_active_peers(
+        &self,
+        now: chrono::NaiveDateTime,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer>> {
+        crate::peers::get_expired_active_peers(&self.pool, now).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn mark_peer_expired(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::peers::mark_peer_expired(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    // Networks
+    pub async fn create_network(&self, net: &nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::networks::create_network(&self.pool, net).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_network(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network>> {
+        crate::networks::get_network(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_network_by_name(
+        &self,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network>> {
+        crate::networks::get_network_by_name(&self.pool, name).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_networks(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network>> {
+        crate::networks::list_networks(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_network(&self, net: &nx9_wg_core::types::network::Network) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::networks::update_network(&self.pool, net).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_network(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::networks::delete_network(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    // Routes
+    pub async fn create_route(&self, route: &nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::routes::create_route(&self.pool, route).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_route(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route>> {
+        crate::routes::get_route(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_routes(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route>> {
+        crate::routes::list_routes(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_routes_for_network(
+        &self,
+        network_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route>> {
+        crate::routes::list_routes_for_network(&self.pool, network_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_routes_for_interface(
+        &self,
+        interface_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route>> {
+        crate::routes::list_routes_for_interface(&self.pool, interface_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_route(&self, route: &nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::routes::update_route(&self.pool, route).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_route(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::routes::delete_route(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_route_enabled(&self, id: uuid::Uuid, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::routes::set_route_enabled(&self.pool, id, enabled).await
+    }
+
+    // Firewall
+    pub async fn create_firewall_rule(
+        &self,
+        rule: &nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::firewall::create_rule(&self.pool, rule).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_firewall_rule(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule>> {
+        crate::firewall::get_rule(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_firewall_rules(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule>> {
+        crate::firewall::list_rules(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_firewall_rules_for_interface(
+        &self,
+        interface_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule>> {
+        crate::firewall::list_rules_for_interface(&self.pool, interface_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_firewall_rules_for_peer(
+        &self,
+        peer_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule>> {
+        crate::firewall::list_rules_for_peer(&self.pool, peer_id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_firewall_rule(
+        &self,
+        rule: &nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::firewall::update_rule(&self.pool, rule).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_firewall_rule(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::firewall::delete_rule(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_firewall_rule_enabled(&self, id: uuid::Uuid, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::firewall::set_rule_enabled(&self.pool, id, enabled).await
+    }
+
+    // Settings
+    pub async fn get_setting(
+        &self,
+        key: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::settings::Setting>> {
+        crate::settings::get_setting(&self.pool, key).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_setting_value(&self, key: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+        crate::settings::get_setting_value(&self.pool, key).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_setting(&self, key: &str, value: &str, is_secret: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::settings::set_setting(&self.pool, key, value, is_secret).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_setting(&self, key: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::settings::delete_setting(&self.pool, key).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_settings(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::settings::Setting>> {
+        crate::settings::list_settings(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    // Audit
+    pub async fn create_audit_event(
+        &self,
+        event: &nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEvent,
+    ) -> Result<i64> {
+        crate::audit::create_audit_event(&self.pool, event).await
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub async fn record_audit(
+        &self,
+        event_type: nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType,
+        actor: &str,
+        resource_type: Option<&str>,
+        resource_id: Option<&str>,
+        message: Option<&str>,
+        metadata: Option<&str>,
+        ip_address: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<i64> {
+        crate::audit::record_audit(
+            &self.pool,
+            event_type,
+            actor,
+            resource_type,
+            resource_id,
+            message,
+            metadata,
+            ip_address,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_audit_events(
+        &self,
+        filter: &crate::audit::AuditFilter,
+        limit: u32,
+        offset: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEvent>> {
+        crate::audit::list_audit_events(&self.pool, filter, limit, offset).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_audit_event(
+        &self,
+        id: i64,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEvent>> {
+        crate::audit::get_audit_event(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn count_audit_events(&self, filter: &crate::audit::AuditFilter) -> Result<i64> {
+        crate::audit::count_audit_events(&self.pool, filter).await
+    }
+
+    // Backups
+    pub async fn create_backup_meta(
+        &self,
+        meta: &nx9_wg_core::types::backup::BackupMeta,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::backups::create_backup_meta(&self.pool, meta).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_backup_meta(
+        &self,
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::backup::BackupMeta>> {
+        crate::backups::get_backup_meta(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_backups(&self) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::backup::BackupMeta>> {
+        crate::backups::list_backups(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_backup_meta(&self, id: uuid::Uuid) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::backups::delete_backup_meta(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn vacuum_into(&self, target_file_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::backups::vacuum_into(&self.pool, target_file_path).await
+    }
+
+    // Client Profiles
+    pub async fn create_client_profile(
+        &self,
+        profile: &nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ClientProfile,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::client_profiles::create_client_profile(&self.pool, profile).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_client_profile(
+        &self,
+        id: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ClientProfile>> {
+        crate::client_profiles::get_client_profile(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_client_profiles(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ClientProfile>> {
+        crate::client_profiles::list_client_profiles(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn update_client_profile(
+        &self,
+        profile: &nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ClientProfile,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::client_profiles::update_client_profile(&self.pool, profile).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_client_profile(&self, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        crate::client_profiles::delete_client_profile(&self.pool, id).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn list_distinct_providers(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        crate::client_profiles::list_distinct_providers(&self.pool).await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn find_matching_client_profiles(
+        &self,
+        provider: Option<&str>,
+        device: Option<nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory>,
+        connection: Option<nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType>,
+        nat: Option<nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ClientProfile>> {
+        crate::client_profiles::find_matching_profiles(
+            &self.pool, provider, device, connection, nat,
+        )
+        .await
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/tokens.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/tokens.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54be326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/src/tokens.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+//! API Token repository operations.
+
+use crate::error::{DbError, Result};
+use crate::models::{format_datetime, parse_datetime};
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::ApiToken;
+use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
+
+/// Create a new API token record. Only the token hash is stored.
+pub async fn create_token(pool: &SqlitePool, token: &ApiToken) -> Result<()> {
+    let created_at_str = format_datetime(&token.created_at);
+    let expires_at_str = token.expires_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let last_used_str = token.last_used_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+    let revoked_str = token.revoked_at.as_ref().map(format_datetime);
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO api_tokens (id, admin_id, name, token_hash, created_at, expires_at, last_used_at, revoked_at)
+        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&token.id)
+    .bind(token.admin_id)
+    .bind(&token.name)
+    .bind(&token.token_hash)
+    .bind(&created_at_str)
+    .bind(expires_at_str)
+    .bind(last_used_str)
+    .bind(revoked_str)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| match &e {
+        sqlx::Error::Database(dbe) if dbe.is_unique_violation() => {
+            DbError::Conflict("API token with this hash already exists".to_string())
+        }
+        _ => DbError::Sqlx(e),
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Retrieve all API tokens.
+pub async fn list_tokens(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<Vec<ApiToken>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, admin_id, name, token_hash, created_at, expires_at, last_used_at, revoked_at
+        FROM api_tokens
+        ORDER BY created_at DESC
+        "#,
+    )
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    let mut tokens = Vec::with_capacity(rows.len());
+    for r in rows {
+        let id: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+        let admin_id: i64 = r.try_get("admin_id")?;
+        let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+        let token_hash: String = r.try_get("token_hash")?;
+        let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+        let expires_at_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("expires_at")?;
+        let last_used_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_used_at")?;
+        let revoked_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("revoked_at")?;
+
+        let expires_at = match expires_at_str {
+            Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+        let last_used_at = match last_used_str {
+            Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+        let revoked_at = match revoked_str {
+            Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+        tokens.push(ApiToken {
+            id,
+            admin_id,
+            name,
+            token_hash,
+            created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+            expires_at,
+            last_used_at,
+            revoked_at,
+            revoked: revoked_at.is_some(),
+        });
+    }
+
+    Ok(tokens)
+}
+
+/// Retrieve an API token by ID.
+pub async fn get_token(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<Option<ApiToken>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, admin_id, name, token_hash, created_at, expires_at, last_used_at, revoked_at
+        FROM api_tokens
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(id)
+    .fetch_optional(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => {
+            let id: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+            let admin_id: i64 = r.try_get("admin_id")?;
+            let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+            let token_hash: String = r.try_get("token_hash")?;
+            let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+            let expires_at_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("expires_at")?;
+            let last_used_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_used_at")?;
+            let revoked_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("revoked_at")?;
+
+            let expires_at = match expires_at_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+            let last_used_at = match last_used_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+            let revoked_at = match revoked_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            Ok(Some(ApiToken {
+                id,
+                admin_id,
+                name,
+                token_hash,
+                created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+                expires_at,
+                last_used_at,
+                revoked_at,
+                revoked: revoked_at.is_some(),
+            }))
+        }
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Look up an active (non-revoked) API token by its SHA-256 hash.
+pub async fn find_token_by_hash(pool: &SqlitePool, token_hash: &str) -> Result<Option<ApiToken>> {
+    let row = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        SELECT id, admin_id, name, token_hash, created_at, expires_at, last_used_at, revoked_at
+        FROM api_tokens
+        WHERE token_hash = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(token_hash)
+    .fetch_optional(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    match row {
+        Some(r) => {
+            let id: String = r.try_get("id")?;
+            let admin_id: i64 = r.try_get("admin_id")?;
+            let name: String = r.try_get("name")?;
+            let token_hash: String = r.try_get("token_hash")?;
+            let created_at_str: String = r.try_get("created_at")?;
+            let expires_at_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("expires_at")?;
+            let last_used_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("last_used_at")?;
+            let revoked_str: Option<String> = r.try_get("revoked_at")?;
+
+            let expires_at = match expires_at_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+            let last_used_at = match last_used_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+            let revoked_at = match revoked_str {
+                Some(s) => Some(parse_datetime(&s)?),
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            Ok(Some(ApiToken {
+                id,
+                admin_id,
+                name,
+                token_hash,
+                created_at: parse_datetime(&created_at_str)?,
+                expires_at,
+                last_used_at,
+                revoked_at,
+                revoked: revoked_at.is_some(),
+            }))
+        }
+        None => Ok(None),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Mark a token as used at current timestamp.
+pub async fn mark_token_used(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE api_tokens
+        SET last_used_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ?
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(id)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!("API token '{id}' not found")));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Revoke an API token.
+pub async fn revoke_token(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result = sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        UPDATE api_tokens
+        SET revoked_at = ?
+        WHERE id = ? AND revoked_at IS NULL
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(&now_str)
+    .bind(id)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await
+    .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        return Err(DbError::NotFound(format!(
+            "API token '{id}' not found or already revoked"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete an API token.
+pub async fn delete_token(pool: &SqlitePool, id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM api_tokens WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(id)
+        .execute(pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Delete expired tokens. Returns count deleted.
+pub async fn delete_expired_tokens(pool: &SqlitePool) -> Result<u64> {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let now_str = format_datetime(&now);
+
+    let result =
+        sqlx::query("DELETE FROM api_tokens WHERE expires_at IS NOT NULL AND expires_at < ?")
+            .bind(&now_str)
+            .execute(pool)
+            .await
+            .map_err(DbError::Sqlx)?;
+
+    Ok(result.rows_affected())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_admin_repository.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_admin_repository.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cedb57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_admin_repository.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//! Tests for Administrator repository operations and security invariants.
+
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{hash_password, verify_password};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_admin_single_identity_and_crud() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    // Initially no admin exists
+    assert!(!store.admin_exists().await.expect("admin_exists"));
+    assert!(store.get_admin().await.expect("get_admin").is_none());
+
+    // Create single admin with Argon2id hash
+    let password = "CorrectHorseBatteryStaple123!";
+    let password_hash = hash_password(password).expect("hash password");
+    let admin = store
+        .create_admin("admin", &password_hash)
+        .await
+        .expect("create_admin");
+
+    assert_eq!(admin.id, 1);
+    assert_eq!(admin.username, "admin");
+    assert!(!admin.totp_enabled);
+    assert!(admin.last_login_at.is_none());
+
+    // Verify admin_exists returns true
+    assert!(store.admin_exists().await.expect("admin_exists"));
+
+    // Verify lookup by username
+    let fetched = store
+        .get_admin_by_username("admin")
+        .await
+        .expect("get_admin_by_username")
+        .expect("admin found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.id, 1);
+    assert!(verify_password(password, &fetched.password_hash).expect("verify password"));
+
+    // Reject second admin creation
+    let second_res = store.create_admin("admin2", "hash2").await;
+    assert!(second_res.is_err(), "second admin must be rejected");
+
+    // Test password change
+    let new_password = "NewSuperSecurePassword456!";
+    let new_hash = hash_password(new_password).expect("new hash");
+    store
+        .update_admin_password(&new_hash)
+        .await
+        .expect("update_admin_password");
+
+    let updated = store.get_admin().await.expect("get_admin").expect("admin");
+    assert!(verify_password(new_password, &updated.password_hash).expect("verify new"));
+    assert!(!verify_password(password, &updated.password_hash).expect("old password fails"));
+
+    // Test TOTP update
+    store
+        .update_admin_totp(Some("JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP"), true)
+        .await
+        .expect("update_admin_totp");
+    let totp_admin = store.get_admin().await.expect("get_admin").expect("admin");
+    assert!(totp_admin.totp_enabled);
+    assert_eq!(totp_admin.totp_secret.as_deref(), Some("JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP"));
+
+    // Test recording login
+    store
+        .record_admin_login(Some("192.168.1.100"))
+        .await
+        .expect("record_admin_login");
+    let login_admin = store.get_admin().await.expect("get_admin").expect("admin");
+    assert!(login_admin.last_login_at.is_some());
+    assert_eq!(login_admin.last_login_ip.as_deref(), Some("192.168.1.100"));
+
+    // Verify Debug formatting redacts password_hash and totp_secret
+    let debug_str = format!("{:?}", login_admin);
+    assert!(debug_str.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+    assert!(!debug_str.contains(password));
+    assert!(!debug_str.contains(new_password));
+    assert!(!debug_str.contains("JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP"));
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_auth_repositories.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_auth_repositories.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90bf8eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_auth_repositories.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+//! Tests for Session and API Token repository operations.
+
+use chrono::{Duration, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{generate_api_token, hash_password};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::auth::{ApiToken, Session};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_session_lifecycle() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let pw_hash = hash_password("AdminPass123!").expect("hash");
+    store.create_admin("admin", &pw_hash).await.expect("admin");
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let session_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+
+    let session = Session {
+        id: session_id.clone(),
+        admin_id: 1,
+        created_at: now,
+        expires_at: now + Duration::hours(24),
+        last_seen_at: Some(now),
+        ip_address: Some("10.0.0.5".to_string()),
+        user_agent: Some("TestAgent/1.0".to_string()),
+    };
+
+    store
+        .create_session(&session)
+        .await
+        .expect("create_session");
+
+    let fetched = store
+        .get_session(&session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get_session")
+        .expect("session found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.id, session_id);
+    assert_eq!(fetched.admin_id, 1);
+    assert_eq!(fetched.ip_address.as_deref(), Some("10.0.0.5"));
+
+    // Touch session
+    store
+        .touch_session(&session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("touch_session");
+
+    // Test delete expired sessions
+    let expired_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+    let expired_session = Session {
+        id: expired_id.clone(),
+        admin_id: 1,
+        created_at: now - Duration::hours(48),
+        expires_at: now - Duration::hours(24),
+        last_seen_at: None,
+        ip_address: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+    };
+    store
+        .create_session(&expired_session)
+        .await
+        .expect("expired session");
+
+    let deleted = store
+        .delete_expired_sessions()
+        .await
+        .expect("delete expired");
+    assert_eq!(deleted, 1);
+    assert!(store.get_session(&expired_id).await.expect("get").is_none());
+    assert!(store.get_session(&session_id).await.expect("get").is_some());
+
+    // Delete single session
+    store
+        .delete_session(&session_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("delete session");
+    assert!(store.get_session(&session_id).await.expect("get").is_none());
+
+    // Test delete_all_admin_sessions
+    let s1 = Session {
+        id: "s1".to_string(),
+        admin_id: 1,
+        created_at: now,
+        expires_at: now + Duration::hours(1),
+        last_seen_at: None,
+        ip_address: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+    };
+    let s2 = Session {
+        id: "s2".to_string(),
+        admin_id: 1,
+        created_at: now,
+        expires_at: now + Duration::hours(1),
+        last_seen_at: None,
+        ip_address: None,
+        user_agent: None,
+    };
+    store.create_session(&s1).await.expect("s1");
+    store.create_session(&s2).await.expect("s2");
+
+    let deleted_all = store
+        .delete_all_admin_sessions(1)
+        .await
+        .expect("delete all");
+    assert_eq!(deleted_all, 2);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_api_token_lifecycle() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let pw_hash = hash_password("AdminPass123!").expect("hash");
+    store.create_admin("admin", &pw_hash).await.expect("admin");
+
+    let (raw_token, token_hash) = generate_api_token();
+    let token_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let token = ApiToken {
+        id: token_id.clone(),
+        admin_id: 1,
+        name: "CI/CD Deployment Token".to_string(),
+        token_hash: token_hash.clone(),
+        created_at: now,
+        expires_at: Some(now + Duration::days(30)),
+        last_used_at: None,
+        revoked_at: None,
+        revoked: false,
+    };
+
+    store.create_token(&token).await.expect("create_token");
+
+    // Lookup by hash
+    let found = store
+        .find_token_by_hash(&token_hash)
+        .await
+        .expect("find by hash")
+        .expect("token found");
+    assert_eq!(found.id, token_id);
+    assert_eq!(found.name, "CI/CD Deployment Token");
+    assert!(!found.revoked);
+
+    // Verify raw token is never in the stored record
+    let debug_out = format!("{:?}", found);
+    assert!(debug_out.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+    assert!(!debug_out.contains(&raw_token));
+
+    // Mark token used
+    store.mark_token_used(&token_id).await.expect("mark used");
+    let after_use = store
+        .get_token(&token_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("token");
+    assert!(after_use.last_used_at.is_some());
+
+    // List tokens
+    let tokens = store.list_tokens().await.expect("list tokens");
+    assert_eq!(tokens.len(), 1);
+
+    // Revoke token
+    store.revoke_token(&token_id).await.expect("revoke token");
+    let revoked = store
+        .get_token(&token_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("token");
+    assert!(revoked.revoked);
+    assert!(revoked.revoked_at.is_some());
+
+    // Delete token
+    store.delete_token(&token_id).await.expect("delete token");
+    assert!(store.get_token(&token_id).await.expect("get").is_none());
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_client_profiles.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_client_profiles.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61fb192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_client_profiles.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+//! Tests for client profile repository operations and built-in profiles.
+
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{ClientProfile, ConnectionType, DeviceCategory, NatType};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_client_profiles_crud_and_builtin_protection() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.unwrap();
+    store.migrate().await.unwrap();
+
+    // Verify built-in profiles pre-populated by migration
+    let profiles = store.list_client_profiles().await.unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        profiles.len() >= 10,
+        "expected at least 10 built-in profiles"
+    );
+
+    // Check specific built-ins
+    let mobile = store.get_client_profile("default-mobile").await.unwrap();
+    assert!(mobile.is_some());
+    let mobile = mobile.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(mobile.connection_type, ConnectionType::Mobile);
+    assert_eq!(mobile.mtu, 1280);
+    assert_eq!(mobile.persistent_keepalive, Some(25));
+    assert!(mobile.is_builtin);
+
+    let cgnat = store.get_client_profile("default-cgnat").await.unwrap();
+    assert!(cgnat.is_some());
+    let cgnat = cgnat.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(cgnat.nat_type, NatType::Cgnat);
+    assert_eq!(cgnat.mtu, 1360);
+
+    // Verify built-in cannot be modified or deleted
+    let mut modified_builtin = mobile.clone();
+    modified_builtin.mtu = 1400;
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .update_client_profile(&modified_builtin)
+            .await
+            .is_err()
+    );
+    assert!(store.delete_client_profile("default-mobile").await.is_err());
+
+    // Create a custom profile
+    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let custom = ClientProfile {
+        id: "office-fiber".to_string(),
+        name: "Office Fiber Direct".to_string(),
+        provider: Some("att".to_string()),
+        device: Some(DeviceCategory::Linux),
+        connection_type: ConnectionType::Wired,
+        nat_type: NatType::Direct,
+        mtu: 1420,
+        dns: Some("1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1".to_string()),
+        persistent_keepalive: Some(15),
+        is_builtin: false,
+        description: Some("Direct fiber connection at headquarters".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store.create_client_profile(&custom).await.unwrap();
+
+    let fetched = store
+        .get_client_profile("office-fiber")
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fetched.name, "Office Fiber Direct");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.provider.as_deref(), Some("att"));
+    assert_eq!(fetched.mtu, 1420);
+    assert!(!fetched.is_builtin);
+
+    // Update custom profile
+    let mut updated = fetched.clone();
+    updated.description = Some("Updated headquarters fiber".to_string());
+    updated.mtu = 1440;
+    store.update_client_profile(&updated).await.unwrap();
+
+    let fetched_updated = store
+        .get_client_profile("office-fiber")
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fetched_updated.mtu, 1440);
+    assert_eq!(
+        fetched_updated.description.as_deref(),
+        Some("Updated headquarters fiber")
+    );
+
+    // List distinct providers
+    let providers = store.list_distinct_providers().await.unwrap();
+    assert!(providers.contains(&"att".to_string()));
+    assert!(providers.contains(&"tmobile".to_string()));
+    assert!(providers.contains(&"starlink".to_string()));
+
+    // Delete custom profile
+    store.delete_client_profile("office-fiber").await.unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .get_client_profile("office-fiber")
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_none()
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_network_repositories.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_network_repositories.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c14c245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_network_repositories.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+//! Tests for Network, Route, and Firewall Rule repositories.
+
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_keypair;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::{Network, Route};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Interface;
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_network_and_route_crud() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let net_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+    let net = Network {
+        id: net_id,
+        name: "Home Lab".to_string(),
+        cidr: IpNet::from_str("192.168.10.0/24").expect("cidr"),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("Internal lab subnet".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store.create_network(&net).await.expect("create_network");
+
+    let fetched_net = store
+        .get_network(net_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched_net.name, "Home Lab");
+    assert_eq!(fetched_net.cidr.to_string(), "192.168.10.0/24");
+    assert!(fetched_net.enabled);
+
+    // Test routes
+    let route_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let route = Route {
+        id: route_id,
+        network_id: Some(net_id),
+        interface_id: None,
+        destination: IpNet::from_str("192.168.10.0/24").expect("dest cidr"),
+        gateway: Some(IpAddr::from_str("10.0.0.1").expect("gateway")),
+        interface_name: None,
+        metric: Some(100),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("Lab route via wg gateway".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store.create_route(&route).await.expect("create_route");
+
+    let fetched_route = store
+        .get_route(route_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("route found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched_route.network_id, Some(net_id));
+    assert_eq!(
+        fetched_route.gateway,
+        Some(IpAddr::from_str("10.0.0.1").unwrap())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(fetched_route.metric, Some(100));
+
+    // Enable/disable route
+    store
+        .set_route_enabled(route_id, false)
+        .await
+        .expect("disable");
+    let disabled_route = store
+        .get_route(route_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("route");
+    assert!(!disabled_route.enabled);
+
+    // List routes for network
+    let net_routes = store
+        .list_routes_for_network(net_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("list net routes");
+    assert_eq!(net_routes.len(), 1);
+
+    // Deleting network sets route's network_id to NULL (ON DELETE SET NULL)
+    store.delete_network(net_id).await.expect("delete network");
+    let route_after_net_delete = store
+        .get_route(route_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("route");
+    assert!(
+        route_after_net_delete.network_id.is_none(),
+        "network_id must be SET NULL when network is deleted"
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_firewall_rule_crud_and_priority_ordering() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let iface_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let (priv_k, pub_k) = generate_keypair();
+
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: iface_id,
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: priv_k,
+        public_key: pub_k,
+        listen_port: 51820,
+        address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        dns: None,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    store
+        .create_interface(&iface)
+        .await
+        .expect("create interface");
+
+    let rule1_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let rule1 = FirewallRule {
+        id: rule1_id,
+        name: "Allow SSH".to_string(),
+        interface_id: Some(iface_id),
+        peer_id: None,
+        direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+        action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::Tcp,
+        source: None,
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: Some(22),
+        port_range: None,
+        priority: 50,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("SSH access".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let rule2_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let rule2 = FirewallRule {
+        id: rule2_id,
+        name: "Drop All Other".to_string(),
+        interface_id: Some(iface_id),
+        peer_id: None,
+        direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+        action: FirewallAction::Drop,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::Any,
+        source: None,
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: None,
+        port_range: None,
+        priority: 100,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("Default drop".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store
+        .create_firewall_rule(&rule2)
+        .await
+        .expect("create rule2");
+    store
+        .create_firewall_rule(&rule1)
+        .await
+        .expect("create rule1");
+
+    // List rules should order by priority ASC (rule1 priority 50 comes before rule2 priority 100)
+    let rules = store.list_firewall_rules().await.expect("list rules");
+    assert_eq!(rules.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(rules[0].id, rule1_id);
+    assert_eq!(rules[0].priority, 50);
+    assert_eq!(rules[1].id, rule2_id);
+    assert_eq!(rules[1].priority, 100);
+
+    // List rules for interface
+    let iface_rules = store
+        .list_firewall_rules_for_interface(iface_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("list iface rules");
+    assert_eq!(iface_rules.len(), 2);
+
+    // Enable/disable rule
+    store
+        .set_firewall_rule_enabled(rule1_id, false)
+        .await
+        .expect("disable");
+    let disabled = store
+        .get_firewall_rule(rule1_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("rule");
+    assert!(!disabled.enabled);
+
+    // Delete rule
+    store.delete_firewall_rule(rule1_id).await.expect("delete");
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .get_firewall_rule(rule1_id)
+            .await
+            .expect("get")
+            .is_none()
+    );
+
+    // Peer-specific rule with port range
+    let peer_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let peer = nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::Peer {
+        id: peer_id,
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "test-peer-fw".to_string(),
+        peer_type: nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+            "testpubkey12345678901234567890123456789012=".to_string(),
+        ),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.2/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some("10.0.0.2/32".parse().unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    store.create_peer(&peer).await.expect("create peer");
+
+    let peer_rule_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let peer_rule = FirewallRule {
+        id: peer_rule_id,
+        name: "Peer Port Range Rule".to_string(),
+        interface_id: Some(iface_id),
+        peer_id: Some(peer_id),
+        direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+        action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::TcpUdp,
+        source: None,
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: None,
+        port_range: Some("8000-8100".to_string()),
+        priority: 25,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: Some("Custom peer range".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    store
+        .create_firewall_rule(&peer_rule)
+        .await
+        .expect("create peer rule");
+
+    let peer_rules = store
+        .list_firewall_rules_for_peer(peer_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("list peer rules");
+    assert_eq!(peer_rules.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(peer_rules[0].port_range.as_deref(), Some("8000-8100"));
+    assert_eq!(peer_rules[0].protocol, FirewallProtocol::TcpUdp);
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_store_lifecycle.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_store_lifecycle.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e07db85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_store_lifecycle.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//! Tests for Store initialization, WAL configuration, migrations, and SQLite invariants.
+
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use sqlx::Row;
+use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_in_memory_store_lifecycle() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect in-memory");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("run migrations");
+
+    // Verify foreign keys are enabled
+    let row = sqlx::query("PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+        .fetch_one(store.pool())
+        .await
+        .expect("pragma foreign_keys");
+    let fk: i64 = row.get(0);
+    assert_eq!(fk, 1, "foreign keys must be enabled");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_temp_file_store_wal_mode() {
+    let tmp = NamedTempFile::new().expect("temp file");
+    let path = tmp.path();
+
+    let store = Store::connect_path(path).await.expect("connect path");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("run migrations");
+
+    // Verify WAL mode is configured
+    let row = sqlx::query("PRAGMA journal_mode")
+        .fetch_one(store.pool())
+        .await
+        .expect("pragma journal_mode");
+    let mode: String = row.get(0);
+    assert_eq!(mode.to_lowercase(), "wal", "WAL mode must be active");
+
+    // Verify migrations table exists and records the initial migration
+    let migration_count_row = sqlx::query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM _sqlx_migrations")
+        .fetch_one(store.pool())
+        .await
+        .expect("query migrations");
+    let count: i64 = migration_count_row.get(0);
+    assert!(count >= 1, "at least one migration should be recorded");
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_migration_idempotence() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect in-memory");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("first migration run");
+    // Running migrate a second time must succeed idempotently
+    store.migrate().await.expect("second migration run");
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_system_repositories.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_system_repositories.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e6dd23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_system_repositories.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//! Tests for Settings, Audit Log, and Backup repositories.
+
+use chrono::Utc;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::backup::BackupMeta;
+use nx9_wg_db::{AuditFilter, Store};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_settings_repository() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    // Initially missing key returns None
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .get_setting("non_existent")
+            .await
+            .expect("get")
+            .is_none()
+    );
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .get_setting_value("non_existent")
+            .await
+            .expect("get val")
+            .is_none()
+    );
+
+    // Set normal setting
+    store
+        .set_setting("server_endpoint", "vpn.example.com:51820", false)
+        .await
+        .expect("set");
+    let ep = store
+        .get_setting("server_endpoint")
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("setting found");
+    assert_eq!(ep.value, "vpn.example.com:51820");
+    assert!(!ep.is_secret);
+
+    // Set secret setting
+    store
+        .set_setting("session_secret", "SuperSecretKey999", true)
+        .await
+        .expect("set secret");
+    let sec = store
+        .get_setting("session_secret")
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("setting found");
+    assert_eq!(sec.value, "SuperSecretKey999");
+    assert!(sec.is_secret);
+
+    // Verify Debug formatting of secret setting redacts value
+    let sec_debug = format!("{:?}", sec);
+    assert!(sec_debug.contains("[REDACTED]"));
+    assert!(!sec_debug.contains("SuperSecretKey999"));
+
+    // Upsert existing setting
+    store
+        .set_setting("server_endpoint", "vpn2.example.com:51820", false)
+        .await
+        .expect("upsert");
+    let ep2 = store
+        .get_setting_value("server_endpoint")
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("value found");
+    assert_eq!(ep2, "vpn2.example.com:51820");
+
+    // List settings
+    let all = store.list_settings().await.expect("list");
+    assert_eq!(all.len(), 2);
+
+    // Delete setting
+    store
+        .delete_setting("server_endpoint")
+        .await
+        .expect("delete");
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .get_setting("server_endpoint")
+            .await
+            .expect("get")
+            .is_none()
+    );
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_audit_log_append_only_and_filtering() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    // Record various events
+    store
+        .record_audit(
+            AuditEventType::Login,
+            "admin",
+            Some("session"),
+            Some("sess-1"),
+            Some("Admin login succeeded"),
+            None,
+            Some("192.168.1.50"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("record login");
+
+    store
+        .record_audit(
+            AuditEventType::InterfaceCreate,
+            "admin",
+            Some("interface"),
+            Some("wg0"),
+            Some("Interface wg0 created"),
+            None,
+            Some("192.168.1.50"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("record iface create");
+
+    store
+        .record_audit(
+            AuditEventType::PeerCreate,
+            "admin",
+            Some("peer"),
+            Some("peer-alice"),
+            Some("Peer alice created"),
+            None,
+            Some("192.168.1.50"),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("record peer create");
+
+    // Total count
+    let total = store
+        .count_audit_events(&AuditFilter::default())
+        .await
+        .expect("count");
+    assert_eq!(total, 3);
+
+    // Filter by event_type
+    let login_filter = AuditFilter {
+        event_type: Some(AuditEventType::Login),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let login_events = store
+        .list_audit_events(&login_filter, 10, 0)
+        .await
+        .expect("list login");
+    assert_eq!(login_events.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(login_events[0].event_type, AuditEventType::Login);
+
+    // Filter by resource_type
+    let peer_filter = AuditFilter {
+        resource_type: Some("peer".to_string()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let peer_events = store
+        .list_audit_events(&peer_filter, 10, 0)
+        .await
+        .expect("list peer events");
+    assert_eq!(peer_events.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(peer_events[0].resource_id.as_deref(), Some("peer-alice"));
+
+    // Pagination test: limit 2, offset 0 -> 2 items; offset 2 -> 1 item
+    let page1 = store
+        .list_audit_events(&AuditFilter::default(), 2, 0)
+        .await
+        .expect("page1");
+    assert_eq!(page1.len(), 2);
+
+    let page2 = store
+        .list_audit_events(&AuditFilter::default(), 2, 2)
+        .await
+        .expect("page2");
+    assert_eq!(page2.len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_backup_metadata_crud() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let backup_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+    let meta = BackupMeta {
+        id: backup_id,
+        filename: "nx9-wg-backup-20260816.tar.gz".to_string(),
+        size_bytes: 1048576,
+        checksum: "sha256:e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"
+            .to_string(),
+        schema_version: "1".to_string(),
+        encrypted: true,
+        description: Some("Automated nightly backup".to_string()),
+        created_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store
+        .create_backup_meta(&meta)
+        .await
+        .expect("create_backup_meta");
+
+    let fetched = store
+        .get_backup_meta(backup_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get")
+        .expect("backup found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.filename, "nx9-wg-backup-20260816.tar.gz");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.size_bytes, 1048576);
+    assert!(fetched.encrypted);
+    assert_eq!(fetched.schema_version, "1");
+
+    let list = store.list_backups().await.expect("list");
+    assert_eq!(list.len(), 1);
+
+    store.delete_backup_meta(backup_id).await.expect("delete");
+    assert!(
+        store
+            .get_backup_meta(backup_id)
+            .await
+            .expect("get")
+            .is_none()
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_wireguard_repositories.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_wireguard_repositories.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d642a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-db/tests/test_wireguard_repositories.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+//! Tests for WireGuard Interface and Peer repository operations.
+
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{generate_keypair, generate_preshared_key};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{
+    Interface, Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType, WireGuardPublicKey,
+};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_interface_and_peer_crud_and_cascade() {
+    let store = Store::connect_in_memory().await.expect("connect");
+    store.migrate().await.expect("migrate");
+
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    let iface_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let (priv_k, pub_k) = generate_keypair();
+
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: iface_id,
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: priv_k.clone(),
+        public_key: pub_k.clone(),
+        listen_port: 51820,
+        address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").expect("valid cidr"),
+        address_v6: Some(IpNet::from_str("fd00::1/64").expect("valid cidr")),
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: Some("1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8".to_string()),
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: Some("iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE".to_string()),
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store
+        .create_interface(&iface)
+        .await
+        .expect("create_interface");
+
+    // Lookup interface by ID and name
+    let fetched = store
+        .get_interface(iface_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get_interface")
+        .expect("iface found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.name, "wg0");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.listen_port, 51820);
+    assert_eq!(fetched.address_v4.to_string(), "10.0.0.1/24");
+    assert_eq!(fetched.mtu, Some(1420));
+
+    let by_name = store
+        .get_interface_by_name("wg0")
+        .await
+        .expect("get_by_name")
+        .expect("found");
+    assert_eq!(by_name.id, iface_id);
+
+    // Reject duplicate interface name
+    let dup_iface = Interface {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: priv_k.clone(),
+        public_key: pub_k.clone(),
+        listen_port: 51821,
+        address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.1.1/24").unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        dns: None,
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    assert!(
+        store.create_interface(&dup_iface).await.is_err(),
+        "duplicate interface name must fail"
+    );
+
+    // Create a peer
+    let peer_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+    let (peer_priv, peer_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let psk = generate_preshared_key();
+
+    let peer = Peer {
+        id: peer_id,
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "phone-alice".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: peer_pub.clone(),
+        private_key: Some(peer_priv.clone()),
+        preshared_key: Some(psk.clone()),
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.2/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: Some("10.0.0.2/32".to_string()),
+        address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.2/32").unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: Some("10.0.0.1".to_string()),
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        persistent_keepalive: Some(25),
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    store.create_peer(&peer).await.expect("create_peer");
+
+    // Fetch peer
+    let fetched_peer = store
+        .get_peer(peer_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("get_peer")
+        .expect("peer found");
+    assert_eq!(fetched_peer.name, "phone-alice");
+    assert_eq!(fetched_peer.peer_type, PeerType::RoadWarrior);
+    assert_eq!(fetched_peer.state, PeerState::Active);
+    assert_eq!(fetched_peer.profile, PeerProfile::FullTunnel);
+    assert_eq!(fetched_peer.allowed_ips, "10.0.0.2/32");
+    assert_eq!(fetched_peer.persistent_keepalive, Some(25));
+
+    // Lookup peer by name and by public key
+    let by_pname = store
+        .get_peer_by_name(iface_id, "phone-alice")
+        .await
+        .expect("by name")
+        .expect("found");
+    assert_eq!(by_pname.id, peer_id);
+
+    let by_pubk = store
+        .get_peer_by_public_key(iface_id, peer_pub.as_str())
+        .await
+        .expect("by pubk")
+        .expect("found");
+    assert_eq!(by_pubk.id, peer_id);
+
+    // Reject duplicate peer name on same interface
+    let dup_pname = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: iface_id,
+        name: "phone-alice".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new("different_key_123=".to_string()),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.3/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: None,
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::SplitTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    assert!(
+        store.create_peer(&dup_pname).await.is_err(),
+        "duplicate peer name on same interface must fail"
+    );
+
+    // Reject peer for non-existent interface (foreign key violation)
+    let non_existent_iface_peer = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "orphan-peer".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new("orphan_key_123=".to_string()),
+        private_key: None,
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.4/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: None,
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::SplitTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+    assert!(
+        store.create_peer(&non_existent_iface_peer).await.is_err(),
+        "peer for non-existent interface must fail foreign key constraint"
+    );
+
+    // Test peer state transition: active -> disabled -> revoked
+    store
+        .set_peer_state(peer_id, PeerState::Disabled)
+        .await
+        .expect("set disabled");
+    let disabled = store.get_peer(peer_id).await.expect("get").expect("peer");
+    assert_eq!(disabled.state, PeerState::Disabled);
+
+    store
+        .set_peer_state(peer_id, PeerState::Revoked)
+        .await
+        .expect("set revoked");
+    let revoked = store.get_peer(peer_id).await.expect("get").expect("peer");
+    assert_eq!(revoked.state, PeerState::Revoked);
+
+    // Test update_peer_handshake
+    let handshake_time = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+    store
+        .update_peer_handshake(peer_id, handshake_time)
+        .await
+        .expect("update handshake");
+    let after_hs = store.get_peer(peer_id).await.expect("get").expect("peer");
+    assert!(after_hs.last_handshake_at.is_some());
+
+    // Test list_peers_for_interface
+    let peer_list = store
+        .list_peers_for_interface(iface_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("list peers");
+    assert_eq!(peer_list.len(), 1);
+
+    // Test cascade delete: deleting interface must cascade and delete its peers
+    store
+        .delete_interface(iface_id)
+        .await
+        .expect("delete interface");
+    assert!(store.get_interface(iface_id).await.expect("get").is_none());
+    assert!(
+        store.get_peer(peer_id).await.expect("get").is_none(),
+        "peer must be cascade-deleted with interface"
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/Cargo.toml b/crates/nx9-wg-network/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407903f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wg-network"
+description = "Route, firewall, and network management for nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+nx9-wg-core.workspace = true
+tokio.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+ipnet.workspace = true
+async-trait = "0.1"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/engine.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8735702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+//! Network and firewall synchronization engine.
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::forwarding::IpForwardingStatus;
+use crate::nftables::NftablesRulesetBuilder;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::FirewallRule;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+
+/// Network Engine abstraction for route table reconciliation and nftables rule synchronization.
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait NetworkEngine: Send + Sync {
+    /// Reconcile destination routes in the kernel routing table.
+    async fn sync_routes(&self, routes: &[Route]) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Synchronize the dedicated `table inet nx9_wg` nftables ruleset and NAT masquerade.
+    async fn sync_firewall(
+        &self,
+        rules: &[FirewallRule],
+        enable_nat: bool,
+        wg_subnets: &[IpNet],
+    ) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Inspect kernel IP packet forwarding status.
+    async fn get_forwarding_status(&self) -> Result<IpForwardingStatus>;
+
+    /// Get current active generated nftables ruleset.
+    async fn get_active_nftables_ruleset(&self) -> Result<String>;
+}
+
+/// In-memory simulated network engine for tests and non-root execution.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct SimulatedNetworkEngine {
+    active_routes: Arc<RwLock<Vec<Route>>>,
+    active_ruleset: Arc<RwLock<String>>,
+    forwarding: Arc<RwLock<IpForwardingStatus>>,
+}
+
+impl SimulatedNetworkEngine {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            active_routes: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new())),
+            active_ruleset: Arc::new(RwLock::new(String::new())),
+            forwarding: Arc::new(RwLock::new(IpForwardingStatus {
+                ipv4_enabled: true,
+                ipv6_enabled: true,
+            })),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_forwarding_status(&self, status: IpForwardingStatus) {
+        let mut fw = self.forwarding.write().await;
+        *fw = status;
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl NetworkEngine for SimulatedNetworkEngine {
+    async fn sync_routes(&self, routes: &[Route]) -> Result<()> {
+        let enabled_routes: Vec<Route> = routes.iter().filter(|r| r.enabled).cloned().collect();
+        let mut active = self.active_routes.write().await;
+        *active = enabled_routes;
+        tracing::debug!(count = active.len(), "Simulated routes synchronized");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn sync_firewall(
+        &self,
+        rules: &[FirewallRule],
+        enable_nat: bool,
+        wg_subnets: &[IpNet],
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let ruleset = NftablesRulesetBuilder::build(rules, enable_nat, wg_subnets);
+        let mut active = self.active_ruleset.write().await;
+        *active = ruleset;
+        tracing::debug!("Simulated nftables ruleset updated");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_forwarding_status(&self) -> Result<IpForwardingStatus> {
+        let fw = self.forwarding.read().await;
+        Ok(*fw)
+    }
+
+    async fn get_active_nftables_ruleset(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let active = self.active_ruleset.read().await;
+        Ok(active.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Linux Native Network Engine with kernel sysfs / netlink checks and fallback.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct NativeLinuxNetworkEngine {
+    fallback: SimulatedNetworkEngine,
+}
+
+impl NativeLinuxNetworkEngine {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            fallback: SimulatedNetworkEngine::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl NetworkEngine for NativeLinuxNetworkEngine {
+    async fn sync_routes(&self, routes: &[Route]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.fallback.sync_routes(routes).await
+    }
+
+    async fn sync_firewall(
+        &self,
+        rules: &[FirewallRule],
+        enable_nat: bool,
+        wg_subnets: &[IpNet],
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.fallback
+            .sync_firewall(rules, enable_nat, wg_subnets)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_forwarding_status(&self) -> Result<IpForwardingStatus> {
+        IpForwardingStatus::detect()
+    }
+
+    async fn get_active_nftables_ruleset(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        self.fallback.get_active_nftables_ruleset().await
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/error.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dfe9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//! Error types for Linux networking, routing, and nftables operations.
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, NetworkError>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum NetworkError {
+    #[error("routing error: {0}")]
+    Routing(String),
+
+    #[error("firewall error: {0}")]
+    Firewall(String),
+
+    #[error("nftables error: {0}")]
+    Nftables(String),
+
+    #[error("forwarding error: {0}")]
+    Forwarding(String),
+
+    #[error("permission denied: {0}")]
+    PermissionDenied(String),
+
+    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+
+    #[error("core error: {0}")]
+    Core(#[from] nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error),
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/forwarding.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/forwarding.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3102214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/forwarding.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! Linux IP packet forwarding inspection and verification.
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// Status of IPv4 and IPv6 packet forwarding in the Linux kernel.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct IpForwardingStatus {
+    pub ipv4_enabled: bool,
+    pub ipv6_enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl IpForwardingStatus {
+    /// Inspect `/proc/sys/net/` sysctl values to detect current forwarding state.
+    pub fn detect() -> Result<Self> {
+        let v4_path = Path::new("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward");
+        let v6_path = Path::new("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding");
+
+        let ipv4_enabled = if v4_path.exists() {
+            std::fs::read_to_string(v4_path)
+                .map(|s| s.trim() == "1")
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+        } else {
+            true // fallback/test assumption
+        };
+
+        let ipv6_enabled = if v6_path.exists() {
+            std::fs::read_to_string(v6_path)
+                .map(|s| s.trim() == "1")
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+        } else {
+            true
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            ipv4_enabled,
+            ipv6_enabled,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Enable or disable IPv4 packet forwarding via `/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward`.
+    pub fn set_ipv4(enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let v4_path = Path::new("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward");
+        if v4_path.exists() {
+            let val = if enabled { "1\n" } else { "0\n" };
+            std::fs::write(v4_path, val).map_err(|e| {
+                crate::error::NetworkError::Forwarding(format!(
+                    "Failed to write to {}: {e}",
+                    v4_path.display()
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Enable or disable IPv6 packet forwarding via `/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding`.
+    pub fn set_ipv6(enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let v6_path = Path::new("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding");
+        if v6_path.exists() {
+            let val = if enabled { "1\n" } else { "0\n" };
+            std::fs::write(v6_path, val).map_err(|e| {
+                crate::error::NetworkError::Forwarding(format!(
+                    "Failed to write to {}: {e}",
+                    v6_path.display()
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/lib.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffefcad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//! Route, firewall, and network management for nx9-wg.
+
+pub mod engine;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod forwarding;
+pub mod nftables;
+
+pub use engine::{NativeLinuxNetworkEngine, NetworkEngine, SimulatedNetworkEngine};
+pub use error::{NetworkError, Result};
+pub use forwarding::IpForwardingStatus;
+pub use nftables::NftablesRulesetBuilder;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/nftables.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/nftables.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c78c665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/src/nftables.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+//! Dedicated `nx9_wg` nftables table and chain builder.
+
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::{PortSpec, validate_port_spec};
+
+/// Builder for the dedicated `nx9_wg` inet nftables table and chains.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct NftablesRulesetBuilder;
+
+impl NftablesRulesetBuilder {
+    /// Build an atomic, idempotent nftables ruleset in standard syntax.
+    pub fn build(rules: &[FirewallRule], enable_nat: bool, wg_subnets: &[IpNet]) -> String {
+        let mut sorted_rules = rules.to_vec();
+        sorted_rules.sort_by_key(|r| r.priority);
+
+        let mut input_rules = Vec::new();
+        let mut forward_rules = Vec::new();
+
+        for rule in &sorted_rules {
+            if !rule.enabled {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let mut match_parts = Vec::new();
+
+            // Protocol
+            match rule.protocol {
+                FirewallProtocol::Tcp => match_parts.push("tcp".to_string()),
+                FirewallProtocol::Udp => match_parts.push("udp".to_string()),
+                FirewallProtocol::TcpUdp => {
+                    match_parts.push("meta l4proto { tcp, udp }".to_string())
+                }
+                FirewallProtocol::Icmp => match_parts.push("ip protocol icmp".to_string()),
+                FirewallProtocol::Any => {}
+            }
+
+            // Source IP / CIDR
+            if let Some(src) = rule.source.as_deref().filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty()) {
+                if src.contains(':') {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("ip6 saddr {src}"));
+                } else {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("ip saddr {src}"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Destination IP / CIDR
+            if let Some(dst) = rule.destination.as_deref().filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty()) {
+                if dst.contains(':') {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("ip6 daddr {dst}"));
+                } else {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("ip daddr {dst}"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Destination Port Specification (structured range, list, or single)
+            if let Some(ref pr) = rule.port_range {
+                if let Ok(spec) = validate_port_spec(pr) {
+                    match spec {
+                        PortSpec::Single(p) => {
+                            if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Tcp {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("tcp dport {p}"));
+                            } else if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Udp {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("udp dport {p}"));
+                            } else {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("th dport {p}"));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        PortSpec::Range(start, end) => {
+                            if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Tcp {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("tcp dport {start}-{end}"));
+                            } else if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Udp {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("udp dport {start}-{end}"));
+                            } else {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("th dport {start}-{end}"));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        PortSpec::List(ports) => {
+                            let p_str = ports
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|p| p.to_string())
+                                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                .join(", ");
+                            if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Tcp {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("tcp dport {{ {p_str} }}"));
+                            } else if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Udp {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("udp dport {{ {p_str} }}"));
+                            } else {
+                                match_parts.push(format!("th dport {{ {p_str} }}"));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if let Some(dp) = rule.destination_port {
+                if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Tcp {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("tcp dport {dp}"));
+                } else if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Udp {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("udp dport {dp}"));
+                } else {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("th dport {dp}"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Source Port
+            if let Some(sp) = rule.source_port {
+                if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Tcp {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("tcp sport {sp}"));
+                } else if rule.protocol == FirewallProtocol::Udp {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("udp sport {sp}"));
+                } else {
+                    match_parts.push(format!("th sport {sp}"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Action
+            let action_str = match rule.action {
+                FirewallAction::Accept => "accept",
+                FirewallAction::Drop => "drop",
+                FirewallAction::Reject => "reject",
+            };
+
+            let rule_statement = if match_parts.is_empty() {
+                format!("        {action_str}")
+            } else {
+                format!("        {} {action_str}", match_parts.join(" "))
+            };
+
+            match rule.direction {
+                FirewallDirection::In => input_rules.push(rule_statement),
+                FirewallDirection::Out | FirewallDirection::Forward => {
+                    forward_rules.push(rule_statement)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Build Postrouting / NAT Masquerade rules
+        let mut nat_rules = Vec::new();
+        if enable_nat {
+            for subnet in wg_subnets {
+                match subnet {
+                    IpNet::V4(v4) => {
+                        nat_rules.push(format!(
+                            "        ip saddr {} oifname != \"wg*\" masquerade",
+                            v4
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    IpNet::V6(v6) => {
+                        nat_rules.push(format!(
+                            "        ip6 saddr {} oifname != \"wg*\" masquerade",
+                            v6
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut doc = String::new();
+        doc.push_str("#!/usr/sbin/nft -f\n\n");
+        doc.push_str("# NX9 WireGuard Dedicated Firewall Ruleset\n");
+        doc.push_str("table inet nx9_wg {\n");
+
+        // Input Chain
+        doc.push_str("    chain input {\n");
+        doc.push_str("        type filter hook input priority 0; policy accept;\n");
+        doc.push_str("        ct state established,related accept\n");
+        doc.push_str("        iifname \"lo\" accept\n");
+        for r in input_rules {
+            doc.push_str(&r);
+            doc.push('\n');
+        }
+        doc.push_str("    }\n\n");
+
+        // Forward Chain
+        doc.push_str("    chain forward {\n");
+        doc.push_str("        type filter hook forward priority 0; policy accept;\n");
+        doc.push_str("        ct state established,related accept\n");
+        for r in forward_rules {
+            doc.push_str(&r);
+            doc.push('\n');
+        }
+        doc.push_str("    }\n\n");
+
+        // NAT Postrouting Chain
+        doc.push_str("    chain postrouting {\n");
+        doc.push_str("        type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy accept;\n");
+        for r in nat_rules {
+            doc.push_str(&r);
+            doc.push('\n');
+        }
+        doc.push_str("    }\n");
+
+        doc.push_str("}\n");
+        doc
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nftables_ruleset_generation() {
+        let rules = vec![FirewallRule {
+            id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            name: "Allow WireGuard Port".to_string(),
+            interface_id: None,
+            peer_id: None,
+            direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+            action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+            protocol: FirewallProtocol::Udp,
+            source: None,
+            destination: None,
+            source_port: None,
+            destination_port: Some(51820),
+            port_range: None,
+            priority: 10,
+            enabled: true,
+            description: None,
+            created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+        }];
+
+        let subnets = vec!["10.100.0.0/24".parse().unwrap()];
+        let ruleset = NftablesRulesetBuilder::build(&rules, true, &subnets);
+
+        assert!(ruleset.contains("table inet nx9_wg"));
+        assert!(ruleset.contains("udp dport 51820 accept"));
+        assert!(ruleset.contains("masquerade"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nftables_port_range_and_multi_port() {
+        let rules = vec![
+            FirewallRule {
+                id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                name: "Port Range".to_string(),
+                interface_id: None,
+                peer_id: None,
+                direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+                action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+                protocol: FirewallProtocol::Tcp,
+                source: None,
+                destination: None,
+                source_port: None,
+                destination_port: None,
+                port_range: Some("8000-8100".to_string()),
+                priority: 10,
+                enabled: true,
+                description: None,
+                created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+                updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            },
+            FirewallRule {
+                id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                name: "Multi Port TCP UDP".to_string(),
+                interface_id: None,
+                peer_id: None,
+                direction: FirewallDirection::Forward,
+                action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+                protocol: FirewallProtocol::TcpUdp,
+                source: Some("10.0.0.5".to_string()),
+                destination: None,
+                source_port: None,
+                destination_port: None,
+                port_range: Some("53,80,443".to_string()),
+                priority: 20,
+                enabled: true,
+                description: None,
+                created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+                updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let ruleset = NftablesRulesetBuilder::build(&rules, false, &[]);
+        assert!(ruleset.contains("tcp dport 8000-8100 accept"));
+        assert!(ruleset.contains(
+            "meta l4proto { tcp, udp } ip saddr 10.0.0.5 th dport { 53, 80, 443 } accept"
+        ));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-network/tests/test_network_engine.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-network/tests/test_network_engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e47a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-network/tests/test_network_engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+//! Integration tests for Phase 5 Network Engine, Route Management, and nftables ruleset builder.
+
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::Route;
+use nx9_wg_network::{NetworkEngine, NftablesRulesetBuilder, SimulatedNetworkEngine};
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_network_engine_routes_and_firewall_lifecycle() {
+    let engine = SimulatedNetworkEngine::new();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    // 1. Sync routes
+    let r1 = Route {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        network_id: None,
+        interface_id: None,
+        destination: IpNet::from_str("192.168.10.0/24").unwrap(),
+        gateway: Some(IpAddr::from_str("10.0.0.1").unwrap()),
+        interface_name: Some("wg0".to_string()),
+        metric: Some(100),
+        enabled: true,
+        description: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let r2 = Route {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        network_id: None,
+        interface_id: None,
+        destination: IpNet::from_str("192.168.20.0/24").unwrap(),
+        gateway: None,
+        interface_name: Some("wg0".to_string()),
+        metric: None,
+        enabled: false, // disabled route should not be synchronized
+        description: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    engine.sync_routes(&[r1, r2]).await.expect("sync routes");
+
+    // 2. Sync firewall rules & NAT
+    let fw1 = FirewallRule {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "Allow WireGuard Port".to_string(),
+        interface_id: None,
+        peer_id: None,
+        direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+        action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::Udp,
+        source: None,
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: Some(51820),
+        port_range: None,
+        priority: 1,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let subnets = vec![
+        IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.0/24").unwrap(),
+        IpNet::from_str("fd00::/64").unwrap(),
+    ];
+
+    engine
+        .sync_firewall(&[fw1], true, &subnets)
+        .await
+        .expect("sync firewall");
+
+    let ruleset = engine
+        .get_active_nftables_ruleset()
+        .await
+        .expect("get ruleset");
+
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("table inet nx9_wg"));
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("udp dport 51820 accept"));
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("ip saddr 10.0.0.0/24 oifname != \"wg*\" masquerade"));
+    assert!(ruleset.contains("ip6 saddr fd00::/64 oifname != \"wg*\" masquerade"));
+
+    // 3. IP Forwarding inspection
+    let status = engine.get_forwarding_status().await.expect("forwarding");
+    assert!(status.ipv4_enabled);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_nftables_builder_ordering_and_rules() {
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let r_prio10 = FirewallRule {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "Low Priority Accept".to_string(),
+        interface_id: None,
+        peer_id: None,
+        direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+        action: FirewallAction::Accept,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::Tcp,
+        source: None,
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: Some(80),
+        port_range: None,
+        priority: 10,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let r_prio1 = FirewallRule {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "High Priority Drop".to_string(),
+        interface_id: None,
+        peer_id: None,
+        direction: FirewallDirection::In,
+        action: FirewallAction::Drop,
+        protocol: FirewallProtocol::Tcp,
+        source: Some("1.2.3.4".to_string()),
+        destination: None,
+        source_port: None,
+        destination_port: Some(80),
+        port_range: None,
+        priority: 1,
+        enabled: true,
+        description: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let subnets = vec![IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.0/24").unwrap()];
+    let ruleset = NftablesRulesetBuilder::build(&[r_prio10, r_prio1], false, &subnets);
+
+    // High priority drop (priority 1) must appear before low priority accept (priority 10)
+    let drop_idx = ruleset.find("1.2.3.4").expect("drop rule");
+    let accept_idx = ruleset.find("dport 80 accept").expect("accept rule");
+    assert!(
+        drop_idx < accept_idx,
+        "Higher priority rule (1) must appear before lower priority rule (10)"
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/Cargo.toml b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..610c90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wg-ui"
+description = "Dioxus web UI for nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+nx9-wg-core.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components.tar.xz b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components.tar.xz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aef2193
Binary files /dev/null and b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components.tar.xz differ
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/admin_view.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/admin_view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..914c922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/admin_view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//! Single Administrator account, password, API tokens, and session management view model.
+
+use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Active session view row.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct SessionRowView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub ip_address: String,
+    pub user_agent: String,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub expires_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub is_current: bool,
+}
+
+/// Active API token view row.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ApiTokenRowView {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub last_used_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub is_revoked: bool,
+}
+
+/// Administrator management view state.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct AdministratorState {
+    // Card 1: Account
+    pub username: String,
+    pub last_login_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub last_login_ip: Option<String>,
+    pub totp_enabled: bool,
+    pub active_session_count: usize,
+
+    // Card 2: Password change
+    pub current_password: String,
+    pub new_password: String,
+    pub confirm_password: String,
+
+    // Card 3: API Tokens
+    pub new_token_name: String,
+    pub new_token_expires_days: Option<u32>,
+    pub created_token_plaintext: Option<String>,
+    pub tokens: Vec<ApiTokenRowView>,
+
+    // Card 4: Sessions
+    pub sessions: Vec<SessionRowView>,
+
+    // Feedback
+    pub success_message: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for AdministratorState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            username: "admin".to_string(),
+            last_login_at: None,
+            last_login_ip: None,
+            totp_enabled: false,
+            active_session_count: 1,
+            current_password: String::new(),
+            new_password: String::new(),
+            confirm_password: String::new(),
+            new_token_name: String::new(),
+            new_token_expires_days: Some(30),
+            created_token_plaintext: None,
+            tokens: Vec::new(),
+            sessions: Vec::new(),
+            success_message: None,
+            error_message: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AdministratorState {
+    pub fn validate_password_change(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+        if self.current_password.is_empty() {
+            return Err("Current password is required");
+        }
+        if self.new_password.len() < 8 {
+            return Err("New password must be at least 8 characters long");
+        }
+        if self.new_password != self.confirm_password {
+            return Err("New password and confirmation do not match");
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_admin_password_validation() {
+        let mut state = AdministratorState::default();
+        assert!(state.validate_password_change().is_err());
+
+        state.current_password = "OldPassword123!".to_string();
+        state.new_password = "NewPassword123!".to_string();
+        state.confirm_password = "MismatchPassword!".to_string();
+        assert!(state.validate_password_change().is_err());
+
+        state.confirm_password = "NewPassword123!".to_string();
+        assert!(state.validate_password_change().is_ok());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/app_shell.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/app_shell.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d327bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/app_shell.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+//! Application Shell component providing top app bar and responsive navigation sidebar.
+
+use crate::pages::{NavSection, Page};
+use crate::theme::ThemeMode;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// State of the Application Shell.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct AppShellState {
+    pub current_page: Page,
+    pub theme: ThemeMode,
+    pub is_mobile_sidebar_open: bool,
+    pub is_ws_connected: bool,
+    pub system_status: String,
+    pub is_system_healthy: bool,
+    pub admin_username: String,
+}
+
+impl Default for AppShellState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            current_page: Page::Dashboard,
+            theme: ThemeMode::Dark,
+            is_mobile_sidebar_open: false,
+            is_ws_connected: false,
+            system_status: "Operational".to_string(),
+            is_system_healthy: true,
+            admin_username: "admin".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AppShellState {
+    pub fn new(current_page: Page) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            current_page,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn toggle_mobile_sidebar(&mut self) {
+        self.is_mobile_sidebar_open = !self.is_mobile_sidebar_open;
+    }
+
+    pub fn close_mobile_sidebar(&mut self) {
+        self.is_mobile_sidebar_open = false;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_page(&mut self, page: Page) {
+        self.current_page = page;
+        self.is_mobile_sidebar_open = false;
+    }
+
+    pub fn toggle_theme(&mut self) {
+        self.theme = match self.theme {
+            ThemeMode::Dark => ThemeMode::Light,
+            ThemeMode::Light => ThemeMode::Dark,
+            ThemeMode::System => ThemeMode::Dark,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// List pages for a specific navigation section.
+    pub fn pages_for_section(section: NavSection) -> Vec<Page> {
+        match section {
+            NavSection::Primary => vec![
+                Page::Dashboard,
+                Page::Interfaces,
+                Page::Peers,
+                Page::Networks,
+                Page::Routes,
+                Page::Firewall,
+                Page::Nat,
+                Page::Forwarding,
+            ],
+            NavSection::Operations => {
+                vec![Page::Reconciliation, Page::Diagnostics, Page::LiveState]
+            }
+            NavSection::Administration => vec![
+                Page::Settings,
+                Page::Backups,
+                Page::Audit,
+                Page::Administrator,
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_app_shell_state_navigation() {
+        let mut shell = AppShellState::default();
+        assert_eq!(shell.current_page, Page::Dashboard);
+        assert!(!shell.is_mobile_sidebar_open);
+
+        shell.toggle_mobile_sidebar();
+        assert!(shell.is_mobile_sidebar_open);
+
+        shell.set_page(Page::Peers);
+        assert_eq!(shell.current_page, Page::Peers);
+        assert!(!shell.is_mobile_sidebar_open);
+
+        shell.toggle_theme();
+        assert_eq!(shell.theme, ThemeMode::Light);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/client_export_modal.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/client_export_modal.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a6969c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/client_export_modal.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+//! Client export modal presentation component.
+
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{
+    ConnectionType, DeviceCategory, NatType, ResolvedClientProfile,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Client configuration export UI state.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ClientExportState {
+    pub selected_provider: Option<String>,
+    pub selected_device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+    pub selected_connection: ConnectionType,
+    pub selected_nat: NatType,
+    pub manual_mtu_override: Option<u16>,
+    pub resolved_profile: Option<ResolvedClientProfile>,
+    pub is_override_enabled: bool,
+    pub qr_view_active: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for ClientExportState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            selected_provider: None,
+            selected_device: None,
+            selected_connection: ConnectionType::Web,
+            selected_nat: NatType::Unknown,
+            manual_mtu_override: None,
+            resolved_profile: None,
+            is_override_enabled: false,
+            qr_view_active: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ClientExportState {
+    /// Create a new initial export state.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Set connection type and reset manual override if disabled.
+    pub fn set_connection(&mut self, connection: ConnectionType) {
+        self.selected_connection = connection;
+    }
+
+    /// Set NAT type.
+    pub fn set_nat(&mut self, nat: NatType) {
+        self.selected_nat = nat;
+    }
+
+    /// Set device category.
+    pub fn set_device(&mut self, device: Option<DeviceCategory>) {
+        self.selected_device = device;
+    }
+
+    /// Set provider.
+    pub fn set_provider(&mut self, provider: Option<String>) {
+        self.selected_provider = provider;
+    }
+
+    /// Toggle or set manual MTU override.
+    pub fn set_manual_mtu(&mut self, mtu: Option<u16>) {
+        self.manual_mtu_override = mtu;
+        self.is_override_enabled = mtu.is_some();
+    }
+
+    /// Get current effective MTU for display.
+    pub fn display_mtu(&self) -> u16 {
+        if let Some(m) = self.manual_mtu_override {
+            m
+        } else if let Some(ref res) = self.resolved_profile {
+            res.mtu
+        } else {
+            1420
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Determine if an active manual override warning should be displayed.
+    pub fn has_manual_override_warning(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_override_enabled && self.manual_mtu_override.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Format export query parameters for REST API call.
+    pub fn to_query_string(&self, profile_id: Option<&str>) -> String {
+        let mut params = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(ref p) = self.selected_provider {
+            params.push(format!("provider={}", urlencoding(p)));
+        }
+        if let Some(ref d) = self.selected_device {
+            params.push(format!("device={}", d.as_str()));
+        }
+        params.push(format!("connection={}", self.selected_connection.as_str()));
+        params.push(format!("nat={}", self.selected_nat.as_str()));
+        if let Some(m) = self.manual_mtu_override {
+            params.push(format!("mtu={m}"));
+        }
+        if let Some(id) = profile_id {
+            params.push(format!("profile={}", urlencoding(id)));
+        }
+        params.join("&")
+    }
+}
+
+fn urlencoding(s: &str) -> String {
+    s.replace(' ', "%20")
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_client_export_state_lifecycle() {
+        let mut state = ClientExportState::new();
+        assert_eq!(state.display_mtu(), 1420);
+        assert!(!state.has_manual_override_warning());
+
+        state.set_connection(ConnectionType::Mobile);
+        state.set_device(Some(DeviceCategory::Android));
+        state.set_nat(NatType::Cgnat);
+        state.set_provider(Some("tmobile".to_string()));
+
+        let query = state.to_query_string(None);
+        assert!(query.contains("connection=mobile"));
+        assert!(query.contains("device=android"));
+        assert!(query.contains("nat=cgnat"));
+        assert!(query.contains("provider=tmobile"));
+
+        state.set_manual_mtu(Some(1300));
+        assert_eq!(state.display_mtu(), 1300);
+        assert!(state.has_manual_override_warning());
+        assert!(state.to_query_string(None).contains("mtu=1300"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/dashboard_view.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/dashboard_view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4199a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/dashboard_view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//! Operational Dashboard view model for nx9-wg appliance.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Dashboard summary state for system metrics, WireGuard, and network status.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DashboardState {
+    // System status
+    pub hostname: String,
+    pub os_version: String,
+    pub uptime_formatted: String,
+    pub is_operational: bool,
+    pub load_average: String,
+
+    // WireGuard
+    pub total_interfaces: usize,
+    pub active_interfaces: usize,
+    pub total_peers: usize,
+    pub online_peers: usize,
+    pub latest_handshake_relative: String,
+
+    // Networking
+    pub wan_ip: Option<String>,
+    pub default_gateway: Option<String>,
+    pub ipv4_forwarding_enabled: bool,
+    pub ipv6_forwarding_enabled: bool,
+    pub nat_masquerade_active: bool,
+
+    // Traffic telemetry
+    pub aggregate_rx_bytes_formatted: String,
+    pub aggregate_tx_bytes_formatted: String,
+
+    // Diagnostics & Drift
+    pub diagnostics_pass_count: usize,
+    pub diagnostics_warning_count: usize,
+    pub diagnostics_fail_count: usize,
+    pub reconciliation_drift_detected: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for DashboardState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            hostname: "nx9-wg-appliance".to_string(),
+            os_version: "Linux native (nx9-wg v0.1.0)".to_string(),
+            uptime_formatted: "3d 14h 22m".to_string(),
+            is_operational: true,
+            load_average: "0.15, 0.08, 0.03".to_string(),
+            total_interfaces: 1,
+            active_interfaces: 1,
+            total_peers: 0,
+            online_peers: 0,
+            latest_handshake_relative: "None".to_string(),
+            wan_ip: Some("198.51.100.1".to_string()),
+            default_gateway: Some("198.51.100.254".to_string()),
+            ipv4_forwarding_enabled: true,
+            ipv6_forwarding_enabled: false,
+            nat_masquerade_active: true,
+            aggregate_rx_bytes_formatted: "0 B".to_string(),
+            aggregate_tx_bytes_formatted: "0 B".to_string(),
+            diagnostics_pass_count: 10,
+            diagnostics_warning_count: 0,
+            diagnostics_fail_count: 0,
+            reconciliation_drift_detected: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dashboard_state_default() {
+        let state = DashboardState::default();
+        assert!(state.is_operational);
+        assert_eq!(state.total_interfaces, 1);
+        assert!(!state.reconciliation_drift_detected);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/diagnostics_view.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/diagnostics_view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a607930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/diagnostics_view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+//! Subsystem diagnostics inspection and remediation view model.
+
+use nx9_wg_core::types::diagnostics::{DiagnosticCheck, DiagnosticReport, DiagnosticStatus};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Check view row for diagnostics display.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DiagnosticCheckRowView {
+    pub check_name: String,
+    pub status: DiagnosticStatus,
+    pub status_icon: String,
+    pub status_class: String,
+    pub observed_value: String,
+    pub expected_value: Option<String>,
+    pub diagnostic_message: String,
+    pub remediation_hint: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<&DiagnosticCheck> for DiagnosticCheckRowView {
+    fn from(c: &DiagnosticCheck) -> Self {
+        let (status_icon, status_class) = match c.status {
+            DiagnosticStatus::Pass => ("✓", "status-pass"),
+            DiagnosticStatus::Warning => ("⚠", "status-warning"),
+            DiagnosticStatus::Fail => ("✗", "status-fail"),
+            DiagnosticStatus::NotApplicable => ("•", "status-neutral"),
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            check_name: c.check_name.clone(),
+            status: c.status,
+            status_icon: status_icon.to_string(),
+            status_class: status_class.to_string(),
+            observed_value: c.observed_value.clone(),
+            expected_value: c.expected_value.clone(),
+            diagnostic_message: c.diagnostic_message.clone(),
+            remediation_hint: c.remediation_hint.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Subsystem diagnostics card view.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct SubsystemCardView {
+    pub subsystem: String,
+    pub title: String,
+    pub overall_status: DiagnosticStatus,
+    pub overall_status_class: String,
+    pub checks: Vec<DiagnosticCheckRowView>,
+}
+
+impl From<&DiagnosticReport> for SubsystemCardView {
+    fn from(r: &DiagnosticReport) -> Self {
+        let overall_status_class = match r.overall_status {
+            DiagnosticStatus::Pass => "status-pass",
+            DiagnosticStatus::Warning => "status-warning",
+            DiagnosticStatus::Fail => "status-fail",
+            DiagnosticStatus::NotApplicable => "status-neutral",
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            subsystem: r.subsystem.clone(),
+            title: r.subsystem.to_uppercase(),
+            overall_status: r.overall_status,
+            overall_status_class: overall_status_class.to_string(),
+            checks: r.checks.iter().map(DiagnosticCheckRowView::from).collect(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Diagnostics page view state.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DiagnosticsViewState {
+    pub selected_subsystem_filter: Option<String>,
+    pub selected_peer_filter: Option<String>,
+    pub cards: Vec<SubsystemCardView>,
+    pub total_pass: usize,
+    pub total_warning: usize,
+    pub total_fail: usize,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_diagnostics_view_conversion() {
+        let check = DiagnosticCheck {
+            check_name: "kernel_ip_forward".to_string(),
+            status: DiagnosticStatus::Pass,
+            observed_value: "1".to_string(),
+            expected_value: Some("1".to_string()),
+            diagnostic_message: "IPv4 forwarding is enabled".to_string(),
+            remediation_hint: None,
+        };
+
+        let row = DiagnosticCheckRowView::from(&check);
+        assert_eq!(row.status_icon, "✓");
+        assert_eq!(row.status_class, "status-pass");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/live_state_view.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/live_state_view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8975092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/live_state_view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Live kernel and WireGuard telemetry view model.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Live telemetry for kernel state inspection.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LiveStateView {
+    pub active_tab: String, // "interfaces", "peers", "routes", "firewall", "nat", "forwarding"
+    pub interfaces: Vec<LiveInterfaceRow>,
+    pub peers: Vec<LivePeerTelemetryRow>,
+    pub routes: Vec<LiveRouteRow>,
+    pub nftables_ruleset: String,
+    pub ipv4_forwarding_kernel_val: String,
+    pub ipv6_forwarding_kernel_val: String,
+    pub last_refreshed: chrono::NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LiveInterfaceRow {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub listen_port: u16,
+    pub public_key: String,
+    pub peer_count: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LivePeerTelemetryRow {
+    pub public_key: String,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub rx_bytes_formatted: String,
+    pub tx_bytes_formatted: String,
+    pub last_handshake_relative: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LiveRouteRow {
+    pub destination: String,
+    pub gateway: Option<String>,
+    pub interface_name: Option<String>,
+    pub metric: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+impl Default for LiveStateView {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            active_tab: "interfaces".to_string(),
+            interfaces: Vec::new(),
+            peers: Vec::new(),
+            routes: Vec::new(),
+            nftables_ruleset: "table inet nx9_wg {\n  chain postrouting {\n    type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy accept;\n    masquerade\n  }\n}".to_string(),
+            ipv4_forwarding_kernel_val: "1".to_string(),
+            ipv6_forwarding_kernel_val: "0".to_string(),
+            last_refreshed: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/mod.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8e7577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//! UI Components module.
+
+pub mod admin_view;
+pub mod app_shell;
+pub mod client_export_modal;
+pub mod dashboard_view;
+pub mod diagnostics_view;
+pub mod live_state_view;
+pub mod peer_modal;
+pub mod peer_table;
+pub mod settings_view;
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/peer_modal.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/peer_modal.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1241c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/peer_modal.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//! Sectional modal component state for creating and editing WireGuard peers.
+
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::{ConnectionType, DeviceCategory, NatType};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{PeerProfile, PeerType};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// State for the Add/Edit Peer modal workflow.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PeerModalState {
+    pub is_open: bool,
+    pub editing_peer_id: Option<Uuid>,
+
+    // Section 1: Identity
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub peer_type: PeerType,
+    pub profile: PeerProfile,
+
+    // Section 2: Client Environment
+    pub provider: Option<String>,
+    pub device: Option<DeviceCategory>,
+    pub connection: Option<ConnectionType>,
+    pub nat: Option<NatType>,
+
+    // Section 3: Configuration
+    pub resolved_mtu: u16,
+    pub manual_mtu: Option<u16>,
+    pub is_manual_mtu_enabled: bool,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: u16,
+    pub dns: String,
+    pub mtu_warning: Option<String>,
+
+    // Section 4: Network
+    pub interface_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub network_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub auto_allocate_ip: bool,
+    pub address_v4: String,
+    pub address_v6: String,
+    pub allowed_ips: String,
+
+    // UI state
+    pub is_submitting: bool,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for PeerModalState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            is_open: false,
+            editing_peer_id: None,
+            name: String::new(),
+            description: String::new(),
+            peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+            profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+            provider: None,
+            device: Some(DeviceCategory::Android),
+            connection: Some(ConnectionType::Mobile),
+            nat: Some(NatType::Unknown),
+            resolved_mtu: 1280,
+            manual_mtu: None,
+            is_manual_mtu_enabled: false,
+            persistent_keepalive: 25,
+            dns: "1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1".to_string(),
+            mtu_warning: None,
+            interface_id: None,
+            network_id: None,
+            auto_allocate_ip: true,
+            address_v4: String::new(),
+            address_v6: String::new(),
+            allowed_ips: "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0".to_string(),
+            is_submitting: false,
+            error_message: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PeerModalState {
+    pub fn open_new(interface_id: Option<Uuid>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            is_open: true,
+            interface_id,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn close(&mut self) {
+        self.is_open = false;
+        self.error_message = None;
+        self.is_submitting = false;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the effective MTU to send to the backend.
+    pub fn effective_mtu(&self) -> u16 {
+        if self.is_manual_mtu_enabled {
+            self.manual_mtu.unwrap_or(self.resolved_mtu)
+        } else {
+            self.resolved_mtu
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Validate the form before submitting.
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+        if self.name.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err("Peer name is required");
+        }
+        if self.interface_id.is_none() {
+            return Err("Target interface must be selected");
+        }
+        if !self.auto_allocate_ip && self.address_v4.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err("IPv4 address is required when automatic allocation is disabled");
+        }
+        if self.is_manual_mtu_enabled
+            && self.manual_mtu.is_some_and(|m| !(1280..=9000).contains(&m))
+        {
+            return Err("Manual MTU must be between 1280 and 9000 bytes");
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_peer_modal_state_validation() {
+        let mut modal = PeerModalState::open_new(Some(Uuid::new_v4()));
+        assert!(modal.validate().is_err()); // empty name
+
+        modal.name = "work-phone".to_string();
+        assert!(modal.validate().is_ok());
+
+        modal.is_manual_mtu_enabled = true;
+        modal.manual_mtu = Some(1100);
+        assert!(modal.validate().is_err()); // MTU too low
+
+        modal.manual_mtu = Some(1350);
+        assert!(modal.validate().is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(modal.effective_mtu(), 1350);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/peer_table.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/peer_table.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bff719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/peer_table.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+//! Peer management table and responsive card component.
+
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+/// Formatted peer row for table and mobile card representation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PeerRowView {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub peer_type: PeerType,
+    pub profile: PeerProfile,
+    pub state: PeerState,
+    pub is_online: bool,
+    pub status_label: String,
+    pub status_class: String,
+    pub ipv4: String,
+    pub ipv6: String,
+    pub public_key_full: String,
+    pub public_key_truncated: String,
+    pub rx_bytes_formatted: String,
+    pub tx_bytes_formatted: String,
+    pub last_handshake_relative: String,
+    pub expires_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub is_expired: bool,
+}
+
+impl PeerRowView {
+    pub fn from_peer_and_telemetry(
+        peer: &Peer,
+        rx_bytes: u64,
+        tx_bytes: u64,
+        last_handshake: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        let is_expired =
+            peer.state == PeerState::Expired || peer.expires_at.is_some_and(|exp| exp <= now);
+
+        let is_online = if is_expired || peer.state != PeerState::Active {
+            false
+        } else if let Some(hs) = last_handshake.or(peer.last_handshake_at) {
+            let diff = now.signed_duration_since(hs);
+            diff.num_seconds() >= 0 && diff.num_seconds() < 180
+        } else {
+            false
+        };
+
+        let (status_label, status_class) = if is_expired {
+            ("Expired".to_string(), "status-fail".to_string())
+        } else {
+            match peer.state {
+                PeerState::Active => {
+                    if is_online {
+                        ("Online".to_string(), "status-pass".to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        ("Offline".to_string(), "status-neutral".to_string())
+                    }
+                }
+                PeerState::Disabled => ("Disabled".to_string(), "status-warning".to_string()),
+                PeerState::Revoked => ("Revoked".to_string(), "status-fail".to_string()),
+                PeerState::Expired => ("Expired".to_string(), "status-fail".to_string()),
+            }
+        };
+
+        let pub_key_str = peer.public_key.as_str();
+        let pub_key_truncated = if pub_key_str.len() > 12 {
+            format!(
+                "{}...{}",
+                &pub_key_str[..6],
+                &pub_key_str[pub_key_str.len() - 6..]
+            )
+        } else {
+            pub_key_str.to_string()
+        };
+
+        let last_handshake_relative = match last_handshake.or(peer.last_handshake_at) {
+            Some(hs) => format_relative_time(hs, now),
+            None => "Never".to_string(),
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            id: peer.id,
+            name: peer.name.clone(),
+            peer_type: peer.peer_type,
+            profile: peer.profile,
+            state: peer.state,
+            is_online,
+            status_label,
+            status_class,
+            ipv4: peer
+                .address_v4
+                .map(|ip| ip.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "—".to_string()),
+            ipv6: peer
+                .address_v6
+                .map(|ip| ip.to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "—".to_string()),
+            public_key_full: pub_key_str.to_string(),
+            public_key_truncated: pub_key_truncated,
+            rx_bytes_formatted: format_bytes(rx_bytes),
+            tx_bytes_formatted: format_bytes(tx_bytes),
+            last_handshake_relative,
+            expires_at: peer.expires_at,
+            is_expired,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Filter state for peer table.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PeerTableFilter {
+    pub search_query: String,
+    pub status_filter: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl PeerTableFilter {
+    pub fn matches(&self, row: &PeerRowView) -> bool {
+        if let Some(s) = self.status_filter.as_ref().filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+            && !row.status_label.eq_ignore_ascii_case(s)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if !self.search_query.trim().is_empty() {
+            let q = self.search_query.to_lowercase();
+            let name_match = row.name.to_lowercase().contains(&q);
+            let ip_match = row.ipv4.contains(&q) || row.ipv6.contains(&q);
+            let key_match = row.public_key_full.to_lowercase().contains(&q);
+            if !name_match && !ip_match && !key_match {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format bytes into human readable binary units (B, KB, MB, GB, TB).
+pub fn format_bytes(bytes: u64) -> String {
+    const KB: u64 = 1024;
+    const MB: u64 = KB * 1024;
+    const GB: u64 = MB * 1024;
+    const TB: u64 = GB * 1024;
+
+    if bytes >= TB {
+        format!("{:.2} TB", bytes as f64 / TB as f64)
+    } else if bytes >= GB {
+        format!("{:.2} GB", bytes as f64 / GB as f64)
+    } else if bytes >= MB {
+        format!("{:.2} MB", bytes as f64 / MB as f64)
+    } else if bytes >= KB {
+        format!("{:.1} KB", bytes as f64 / KB as f64)
+    } else {
+        format!("{bytes} B")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format relative time between a past timestamp and reference now.
+pub fn format_relative_time(past: NaiveDateTime, now: NaiveDateTime) -> String {
+    let diff = now.signed_duration_since(past);
+    let seconds = diff.num_seconds();
+
+    if seconds < 0 {
+        "Just now".to_string()
+    } else if seconds < 60 {
+        format!("{seconds}s ago")
+    } else if seconds < 3600 {
+        format!("{}m ago", seconds / 60)
+    } else if seconds < 86400 {
+        format!("{}h ago", seconds / 3600)
+    } else {
+        format!("{}d ago", seconds / 86400)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::WireGuardPublicKey;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_format_bytes() {
+        assert_eq!(format_bytes(500), "500 B");
+        assert_eq!(format_bytes(1024), "1.0 KB");
+        assert_eq!(format_bytes(1048576), "1.00 MB");
+        assert_eq!(format_bytes(1073741824), "1.00 GB");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_peer_row_view_and_filtering() {
+        let peer = Peer {
+            id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            interface_id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            name: "alice-laptop".to_string(),
+            peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+            state: PeerState::Active,
+            public_key: WireGuardPublicKey::new(
+                "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=".to_string(),
+            ),
+            private_key: None,
+            preshared_key: None,
+            endpoint: None,
+            allowed_ips: "10.0.0.2/32".to_string(),
+            server_allowed_ips: None,
+            address_v4: Some("10.0.0.2/32".parse().unwrap()),
+            address_v6: None,
+            dns: None,
+            mtu: Some(1420),
+            persistent_keepalive: Some(25),
+            profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+            expires_at: None,
+            last_handshake_at: None,
+            created_at: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+            updated_at: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+        };
+
+        let row = PeerRowView::from_peer_and_telemetry(&peer, 1024, 2048, None);
+        assert_eq!(row.name, "alice-laptop");
+        assert_eq!(row.status_label, "Offline");
+        assert_eq!(row.rx_bytes_formatted, "1.0 KB");
+        assert_eq!(row.tx_bytes_formatted, "2.0 KB");
+
+        let filter = PeerTableFilter {
+            search_query: "alice".to_string(),
+            status_filter: None,
+        };
+        assert!(filter.matches(&row));
+
+        let non_matching = PeerTableFilter {
+            search_query: "bob".to_string(),
+            status_filter: None,
+        };
+        assert!(!non_matching.matches(&row));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/settings_view.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/settings_view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67447ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/components/settings_view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//! Vertically stacked Settings cards view model.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Settings page state with separated card groups.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct SettingsState {
+    // Card 1: System
+    pub hostname: String,
+    pub listen_address: String,
+    pub log_level: String,
+    pub reconciliation_interval_secs: u64,
+
+    // Card 2: WireGuard
+    pub default_interface: String,
+    pub default_mtu: u16,
+    pub default_listen_port: u16,
+
+    // Card 3: Networking
+    pub nat_enabled: bool,
+    pub ipv4_forwarding: bool,
+    pub ipv6_forwarding: bool,
+    pub default_dns: String,
+
+    // Card 4: Backups
+    pub backup_directory: String,
+    pub max_backup_count: usize,
+    pub backup_schedule: String,
+
+    // Card 5: Danger Zone
+    pub is_reset_confirm_open: bool,
+    pub reset_confirm_input: String,
+
+    // Status feedback
+    pub success_message: Option<String>,
+    pub error_message: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for SettingsState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            hostname: "nx9-wg-node-1".to_string(),
+            listen_address: "0.0.0.0:8080".to_string(),
+            log_level: "info".to_string(),
+            reconciliation_interval_secs: 30,
+            default_interface: "wg0".to_string(),
+            default_mtu: 1420,
+            default_listen_port: 51820,
+            nat_enabled: true,
+            ipv4_forwarding: true,
+            ipv6_forwarding: false,
+            default_dns: "1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1".to_string(),
+            backup_directory: "/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups".to_string(),
+            max_backup_count: 10,
+            backup_schedule: "0 2 * * *".to_string(),
+            is_reset_confirm_open: false,
+            reset_confirm_input: String::new(),
+            success_message: None,
+            error_message: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SettingsState {
+    pub fn can_perform_reset(&self) -> bool {
+        self.reset_confirm_input == "RESET-APPLIANCE"
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_settings_state_danger_zone() {
+        let mut s = SettingsState::default();
+        assert!(!s.can_perform_reset());
+
+        s.reset_confirm_input = "RESET-APPLIANCE".to_string();
+        assert!(s.can_perform_reset());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/css.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/css.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62f0c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/css.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+//! Production CSS stylesheet with complete design tokens, responsive layout, and theme support.
+
+use crate::theme::DesignTokens;
+
+/// Compiles and returns the unified production CSS stylesheet.
+pub fn generate_stylesheet() -> String {
+    let mut css = String::with_capacity(16384);
+    css.push_str(DesignTokens::css_variables());
+    css.push_str(
+        r#"
+/* ── Universal Reset ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+*, *::before, *::after {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+html, body {
+  height: 100%;
+  font-family: var(--font-sans);
+  background-color: var(--bg-base);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}
+
+a {
+  color: var(--accent-text);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+a:hover {
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+/* ── App Shell Layout ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+#app-layout {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  min-height: 100vh;
+}
+
+.topbar {
+  height: var(--topbar-height);
+  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 0 20px;
+  position: sticky;
+  top: 0;
+  z-index: 100;
+}
+
+.topbar-left {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.menu-toggle-btn {
+  display: none;
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 16px;
+  min-height: 36px;
+  min-width: 36px;
+}
+
+.brand-logo {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-size: 16px;
+  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+
+.brand-mark {
+  background: var(--accent-primary);
+  color: #ffffff;
+  padding: 2px 7px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  font-weight: 800;
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+.topbar-right {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.system-status-indicator {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  padding: 3px 10px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-pass-border);
+  background: var(--status-pass-bg);
+  color: var(--status-pass-text);
+}
+
+.ws-indicator {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+.ws-indicator.connected {
+  color: var(--status-pass-text);
+}
+
+.admin-badge {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  background: var(--bg-elevated);
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+
+.theme-toggle-btn {
+  background: var(--bg-elevated);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+
+/* ── Sidebar & Navigation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.main-container {
+  display: flex;
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--topbar-height));
+}
+
+.sidebar {
+  width: var(--sidebar-width);
+  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
+  border-right: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 18px;
+  padding: 20px 12px;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.sidebar-section {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
+.sidebar-section-title {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  font-weight: 700;
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+}
+
+.nav-link {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 8px 12px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
+}
+
+.nav-link:hover {
+  background-color: var(--bg-hover);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.nav-link.active {
+  background-color: var(--bg-active);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-primary);
+}
+
+.nav-icon {
+  font-size: 14px;
+  width: 18px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.content-wrapper {
+  flex: 1;
+  padding: 28px 32px;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  max-width: 1400px;
+  width: 100%;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+}
+
+/* ── Page Header ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.page-header {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  margin-bottom: 24px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.page-title-group h1 {
+  font-size: 24px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
+}
+
+.page-description {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+.page-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+/* ── Cards & Grid ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.card-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr));
+  gap: 16px;
+  margin-bottom: 24px;
+}
+
+.card {
+  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  padding: 20px;
+  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
+}
+
+.card-title {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  margin-bottom: 8px;
+}
+
+.card-value {
+  font-size: 28px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+}
+
+.card-subtitle {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+
+.card-stack {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 20px;
+}
+
+.card-header-bar {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: center;
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+  padding-bottom: 12px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-muted);
+}
+
+.card-header-title {
+  font-size: 15px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+
+/* ── Data Tables ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.table-wrapper {
+  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  overflow: hidden;
+  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
+  margin-bottom: 24px;
+}
+
+.table-toolbar {
+  padding: 14px 18px;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.search-input {
+  background-color: var(--bg-elevated);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  padding: 6px 12px;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  min-width: 240px;
+}
+
+.table-responsive {
+  width: 100%;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+}
+
+table.data-table {
+  width: 100%;
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+table.data-table th {
+  background-color: var(--bg-elevated);
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font-weight: 600;
+  padding: 10px 16px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+table.data-table td {
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-muted);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+table.data-table tr:last-child td {
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+table.data-table tr:hover td {
+  background-color: var(--bg-hover);
+}
+
+/* ── Status Pills & Badges ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.status-pill {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 3px 10px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.status-pass {
+  background-color: var(--status-pass-bg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-pass-border);
+  color: var(--status-pass-text);
+}
+
+.status-warning {
+  background-color: var(--status-warning-bg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-warning-border);
+  color: var(--status-warning-text);
+}
+
+.status-fail {
+  background-color: var(--status-fail-bg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-fail-border);
+  color: var(--status-fail-text);
+}
+
+.status-info {
+  background-color: var(--status-info-bg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-info-border);
+  color: var(--status-info-text);
+}
+
+.status-neutral {
+  background-color: var(--status-neutral-bg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-neutral-border);
+  color: var(--status-neutral-text);
+}
+
+.key-code {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  background-color: var(--bg-elevated);
+  padding: 2px 6px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-muted);
+}
+
+/* ── Buttons & Controls ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.btn {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 7px 14px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
+  min-height: 36px;
+  line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.btn-primary {
+  background-color: var(--accent-primary);
+  color: #ffffff;
+}
+.btn-primary:hover {
+  background-color: var(--accent-hover);
+}
+
+.btn-secondary {
+  background-color: var(--bg-elevated);
+  border-color: var(--border-subtle);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+.btn-secondary:hover {
+  background-color: var(--bg-hover);
+}
+
+.btn-danger {
+  background-color: var(--status-fail-bg);
+  border-color: var(--status-fail-border);
+  color: var(--status-fail-text);
+}
+.btn-danger:hover {
+  background-color: var(--status-fail-border);
+  color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+.btn-sm {
+  padding: 4px 8px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  min-height: 28px;
+}
+
+.btn-icon {
+  padding: 6px;
+  min-width: 32px;
+  min-height: 32px;
+}
+
+/* ── Forms & Inputs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.form-group {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 6px;
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+}
+
+.form-label {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+
+.form-input, .form-select, .form-textarea {
+  padding: 8px 12px;
+  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-family: inherit;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.form-input:focus, .form-select:focus, .form-textarea:focus {
+  outline: none;
+  border-color: var(--border-accent);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(56, 139, 253, 0.2);
+}
+
+.form-section {
+  background-color: var(--bg-elevated);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-muted);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  padding: 16px;
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+}
+
+.form-section-header {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+}
+
+.form-grid-2 {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.form-help {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+
+.alert-box {
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  font-size: 13px;
+  margin-bottom: 16px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+.alert-box.warning {
+  background-color: var(--status-warning-bg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--status-warning-border);
+  color: var(--status-warning-text);
+}
+
+/* ── Modals & Sheets ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.modal-backdrop {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 0;
+  left: 0;
+  right: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  background-color: var(--backdrop-overlay);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  z-index: 1000;
+  padding: 16px;
+  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
+}
+
+.modal-sheet {
+  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  width: 100%;
+  max-width: 640px;
+  max-height: calc(100vh - 48px);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.modal-header {
+  padding: 16px 20px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.modal-title {
+  font-size: 16px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+
+.modal-close-btn {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: none;
+  font-size: 18px;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  padding: 4px 8px;
+}
+.modal-close-btn:hover {
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+
+.modal-body {
+  padding: 20px;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  flex: 1;
+}
+
+.modal-footer {
+  padding: 14px 20px;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  gap: 10px;
+  background-color: var(--bg-elevated);
+}
+
+/* ── QR Presentation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+.qr-container {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 20px;
+  background-color: #ffffff;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  margin: 16px 0;
+}
+
+.qr-image {
+  max-width: 240px;
+  height: auto;
+}
+
+/* ── Responsive Adaptations ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+@media (max-width: 1024px) {
+  .sidebar {
+    width: 210px;
+  }
+  .content-wrapper {
+    padding: 20px;
+  }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .menu-toggle-btn {
+    display: block;
+  }
+  
+  .sidebar {
+    position: fixed;
+    top: var(--topbar-height);
+    left: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    width: 260px;
+    z-index: 950;
+    transform: translateX(-100%);
+    transition: transform var(--transition-normal);
+    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
+  }
+  
+  .sidebar.open {
+    transform: translateX(0);
+  }
+  
+  .mobile-overlay {
+    display: none;
+    position: fixed;
+    top: var(--topbar-height);
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    background-color: var(--backdrop-overlay);
+    z-index: 900;
+  }
+  .mobile-overlay.active {
+    display: block;
+  }
+  
+  .content-wrapper {
+    padding: 16px;
+  }
+  
+  .card-grid {
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+  }
+  
+  .form-grid-2 {
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+  }
+  
+  .modal-sheet {
+    max-width: calc(100vw - 20px);
+    max-height: calc(100vh - 20px);
+  }
+  
+  .page-header {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: stretch;
+  }
+  
+  .table-toolbar {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: stretch;
+  }
+  
+  .search-input {
+    width: 100%;
+  }
+}
+"#,
+    );
+    css
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generate_stylesheet() {
+        let css = generate_stylesheet();
+        assert!(css.contains("--bg-base"));
+        assert!(css.contains("--bg-surface"));
+        assert!(css.contains("[data-theme=\"dark\"]"));
+        assert!(css.contains("[data-theme=\"light\"]"));
+        assert!(css.contains("@media (max-width: 768px)"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/lib.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdb0b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//! Responsive UI/UX Design System and Frontend Application for nx9-wg.
+
+pub mod components;
+pub mod css;
+pub mod pages;
+pub mod theme;
+
+pub use components::admin_view::AdministratorState;
+pub use components::app_shell::AppShellState;
+pub use components::client_export_modal::ClientExportState;
+pub use components::dashboard_view::DashboardState;
+pub use components::diagnostics_view::{DiagnosticsViewState, SubsystemCardView};
+pub use components::live_state_view::LiveStateView;
+pub use components::peer_modal::PeerModalState;
+pub use components::peer_table::{
+    PeerRowView, PeerTableFilter, format_bytes, format_relative_time,
+};
+pub use components::settings_view::SettingsState;
+pub use css::generate_stylesheet;
+pub use pages::{NavSection, Page};
+pub use theme::{DesignTokens, SemanticStatus, ThemeMode};
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/pages.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/pages.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..018e71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/pages.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+//! Page routes and navigation state model.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Navigation sections.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum NavSection {
+    Primary,
+    Operations,
+    Administration,
+}
+
+/// Available application pages.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum Page {
+    #[default]
+    Dashboard,
+    Interfaces,
+    Peers,
+    Networks,
+    Routes,
+    Firewall,
+    Nat,
+    Forwarding,
+    Reconciliation,
+    Diagnostics,
+    LiveState,
+    Settings,
+    Backups,
+    Audit,
+    Administrator,
+}
+
+impl Page {
+    pub fn id(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dashboard => "dashboard",
+            Self::Interfaces => "interfaces",
+            Self::Peers => "peers",
+            Self::Networks => "networks",
+            Self::Routes => "routes",
+            Self::Firewall => "firewall",
+            Self::Nat => "nat",
+            Self::Forwarding => "forwarding",
+            Self::Reconciliation => "reconciliation",
+            Self::Diagnostics => "diagnostics",
+            Self::LiveState => "live-state",
+            Self::Settings => "settings",
+            Self::Backups => "backups",
+            Self::Audit => "audit",
+            Self::Administrator => "administrator",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn title(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dashboard => "Dashboard",
+            Self::Interfaces => "Interfaces",
+            Self::Peers => "Peers",
+            Self::Networks => "Networks",
+            Self::Routes => "Routes",
+            Self::Firewall => "Firewall",
+            Self::Nat => "NAT & Masquerade",
+            Self::Forwarding => "IP Forwarding",
+            Self::Reconciliation => "Reconciliation",
+            Self::Diagnostics => "Diagnostics",
+            Self::LiveState => "Live State",
+            Self::Settings => "Settings",
+            Self::Backups => "Backups",
+            Self::Audit => "Audit Log",
+            Self::Administrator => "Administrator",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dashboard => "Real-time overview of the WireGuard appliance and system state.",
+            Self::Interfaces => "Manage authoritative WireGuard server network interfaces.",
+            Self::Peers => "Enrolled client peers, cryptographic keys, and tunnel assignments.",
+            Self::Networks => "Subnet networks and deterministic IP address allocations.",
+            Self::Routes => "Authoritative routing table entries and gateway assignments.",
+            Self::Firewall => "Traffic filter policies, peer associations, and port rules.",
+            Self::Nat => "Outbound NAT masquerading state and nftables integration.",
+            Self::Forwarding => "Kernel IPv4 and IPv6 packet forwarding configuration.",
+            Self::Reconciliation => "Desired state synchronization and drift remediation.",
+            Self::Diagnostics => "Comprehensive subsystem health checks and remediation hints.",
+            Self::LiveState => "Actual live Linux kernel netlink and WireGuard telemetry.",
+            Self::Settings => "System parameters, WireGuard defaults, and client MTU profiles.",
+            Self::Backups => "Atomic database snapshots and safety restore manifests.",
+            Self::Audit => "Append-only security and administrative audit event trail.",
+            Self::Administrator => "Single-administrator credentials, API tokens, and sessions.",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn section(&self) -> NavSection {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dashboard
+            | Self::Interfaces
+            | Self::Peers
+            | Self::Networks
+            | Self::Routes
+            | Self::Firewall
+            | Self::Nat
+            | Self::Forwarding => NavSection::Primary,
+
+            Self::Reconciliation | Self::Diagnostics | Self::LiveState => NavSection::Operations,
+
+            Self::Settings | Self::Backups | Self::Audit | Self::Administrator => {
+                NavSection::Administration
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn icon(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dashboard => "📊",
+            Self::Interfaces => "🔌",
+            Self::Peers => "📱",
+            Self::Networks => "🌐",
+            Self::Routes => "🛣️",
+            Self::Firewall => "🛡️",
+            Self::Nat => "🔀",
+            Self::Forwarding => "⚡",
+            Self::Reconciliation => "🔄",
+            Self::Diagnostics => "🩺",
+            Self::LiveState => "📡",
+            Self::Settings => "⚙️",
+            Self::Backups => "💾",
+            Self::Audit => "📜",
+            Self::Administrator => "👤",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for Page {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().replace('_', "-").as_str() {
+            "dashboard" => Ok(Self::Dashboard),
+            "interfaces" => Ok(Self::Interfaces),
+            "peers" => Ok(Self::Peers),
+            "networks" => Ok(Self::Networks),
+            "routes" => Ok(Self::Routes),
+            "firewall" => Ok(Self::Firewall),
+            "nat" => Ok(Self::Nat),
+            "forwarding" => Ok(Self::Forwarding),
+            "reconciliation" => Ok(Self::Reconciliation),
+            "diagnostics" => Ok(Self::Diagnostics),
+            "live-state" | "live" => Ok(Self::LiveState),
+            "settings" => Ok(Self::Settings),
+            "backups" => Ok(Self::Backups),
+            "audit" => Ok(Self::Audit),
+            "administrator" | "admin" => Ok(Self::Administrator),
+            _ => Err(format!("unknown page: {s}")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_page_metadata() {
+        let p = Page::Peers;
+        assert_eq!(p.id(), "peers");
+        assert_eq!(p.title(), "Peers");
+        assert_eq!(p.section(), NavSection::Primary);
+        assert_eq!(Page::from_str("peers").unwrap(), Page::Peers);
+        assert_eq!(Page::from_str("diagnostics").unwrap(), Page::Diagnostics);
+        assert_eq!(Page::Diagnostics.section(), NavSection::Operations);
+        assert_eq!(Page::Administrator.section(), NavSection::Administration);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/theme.rs b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/theme.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff86989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wg-ui/src/theme.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+//! Design tokens and theme system for the NX9-WG Admin Appliance.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Theme selection mode.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum ThemeMode {
+    #[default]
+    Dark,
+    Light,
+    System,
+}
+
+impl ThemeMode {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Dark => "dark",
+            Self::Light => "light",
+            Self::System => "system",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ThemeMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for ThemeMode {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "dark" => Ok(Self::Dark),
+            "light" => Ok(Self::Light),
+            "system" => Ok(Self::System),
+            _ => Err(format!("unknown theme mode: {s}")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Semantic status categories with accessible labels, icons, and contrast tokens.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum SemanticStatus {
+    Pass,
+    Warning,
+    Fail,
+    Info,
+    Neutral,
+}
+
+impl SemanticStatus {
+    pub fn icon(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Pass => "✓",
+            Self::Warning => "⚠",
+            Self::Fail => "✗",
+            Self::Info => "ℹ",
+            Self::Neutral => "•",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn css_class(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Pass => "status-pass",
+            Self::Warning => "status-warning",
+            Self::Fail => "status-fail",
+            Self::Info => "status-info",
+            Self::Neutral => "status-neutral",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Design tokens structure providing exact CSS variable definitions.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DesignTokens;
+
+impl DesignTokens {
+    /// Generate the complete CSS custom properties block for root and themes.
+    pub fn css_variables() -> &'static str {
+        r#"
+:root {
+  --font-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Noto Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";
+  --font-mono: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;
+  
+  --radius-sm: 4px;
+  --radius-md: 6px;
+  --radius-lg: 8px;
+  --radius-full: 9999px;
+  
+  --spacing-xs: 4px;
+  --spacing-sm: 8px;
+  --spacing-md: 16px;
+  --spacing-lg: 24px;
+  --spacing-xl: 32px;
+  
+  --sidebar-width: 250px;
+  --topbar-height: 56px;
+  
+  --transition-fast: 0.15s ease-in-out;
+  --transition-normal: 0.25s ease-in-out;
+}
+
+[data-theme="dark"], :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
+  --bg-base: #0d1117;
+  --bg-surface: #161b22;
+  --bg-elevated: #21262d;
+  --bg-hover: #30363d;
+  --bg-active: #38404a;
+  
+  --border-subtle: #30363d;
+  --border-muted: #21262d;
+  --border-accent: #388bfd;
+  
+  --text-primary: #e6edf3;
+  --text-secondary: #8b949e;
+  --text-muted: #6e7681;
+  --text-inverse: #0d1117;
+  
+  --accent-primary: #1f6feb;
+  --accent-hover: #388bfd;
+  --accent-text: #58a6ff;
+  
+  --status-pass-bg: rgba(35, 134, 54, 0.18);
+  --status-pass-border: rgba(46, 160, 67, 0.4);
+  --status-pass-text: #3fb950;
+  
+  --status-warning-bg: rgba(187, 128, 9, 0.18);
+  --status-warning-border: rgba(210, 153, 34, 0.4);
+  --status-warning-text: #d29922;
+  
+  --status-fail-bg: rgba(248, 81, 73, 0.18);
+  --status-fail-border: rgba(248, 81, 73, 0.4);
+  --status-fail-text: #f85149;
+  
+  --status-info-bg: rgba(56, 139, 253, 0.18);
+  --status-info-border: rgba(56, 139, 253, 0.4);
+  --status-info-text: #58a6ff;
+  
+  --status-neutral-bg: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.18);
+  --status-neutral-border: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4);
+  --status-neutral-text: #8b949e;
+
+  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
+  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
+  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
+  
+  --backdrop-overlay: rgba(1, 4, 9, 0.8);
+}
+
+[data-theme="light"] {
+  --bg-base: #f6f8fa;
+  --bg-surface: #ffffff;
+  --bg-elevated: #f0f2f5;
+  --bg-hover: #e1e4e8;
+  --bg-active: #d0d7de;
+  
+  --border-subtle: #d0d7de;
+  --border-muted: #e1e4e8;
+  --border-accent: #0969da;
+  
+  --text-primary: #1f2328;
+  --text-secondary: #656d76;
+  --text-muted: #8c959f;
+  --text-inverse: #ffffff;
+  
+  --accent-primary: #0969da;
+  --accent-hover: #0550ae;
+  --accent-text: #0969da;
+  
+  --status-pass-bg: #dafbe1;
+  --status-pass-border: #aceebb;
+  --status-pass-text: #1a7f37;
+  
+  --status-warning-bg: #fff8c5;
+  --status-warning-border: #fae17d;
+  --status-warning-text: #9a6700;
+  
+  --status-fail-bg: #ffebe9;
+  --status-fail-border: #ffc1c0;
+  --status-fail-text: #cf222e;
+  
+  --status-info-bg: #ddf4ff;
+  --status-info-border: #b6e3ff;
+  --status-info-text: #0969da;
+  
+  --status-neutral-bg: #eff1f3;
+  --status-neutral-border: #d0d7de;
+  --status-neutral-text: #656d76;
+
+  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(31,35,40,0.06);
+  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(31,35,40,0.08);
+  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 24px rgba(31,35,40,0.12);
+  
+  --backdrop-overlay: rgba(31, 35, 40, 0.5);
+}
+"#
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_theme_mode_roundtrip() {
+        assert_eq!(ThemeMode::from_str("dark").unwrap(), ThemeMode::Dark);
+        assert_eq!(ThemeMode::from_str("light").unwrap(), ThemeMode::Light);
+        assert_eq!(ThemeMode::from_str("system").unwrap(), ThemeMode::System);
+        assert_eq!(ThemeMode::Dark.to_string(), "dark");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_semantic_status_attributes() {
+        assert_eq!(SemanticStatus::Pass.icon(), "✓");
+        assert_eq!(SemanticStatus::Pass.css_class(), "status-pass");
+        assert_eq!(SemanticStatus::Fail.icon(), "✗");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/Cargo.toml b/crates/nx9-wireguard/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c66bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[package]
+name = "nx9-wireguard"
+description = "WireGuard netlink operations and key management for nx9-wg"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+nx9-wg-core.workspace = true
+tokio.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+thiserror.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+base64.workspace = true
+ipnet.workspace = true
+qrcode.workspace = true
+image.workspace = true
+async-trait = "0.1"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/config_builder.rs b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/config_builder.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..379b261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/config_builder.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+//! WireGuard client configuration file generator.
+
+use crate::error::{Result, WireGuardError};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ResolvedClientProfile;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, Peer, PeerProfile};
+
+/// Generator for standard client WireGuard configuration files (.conf).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct ClientConfigBuilder;
+
+impl ClientConfigBuilder {
+    /// Build a standard WireGuard client configuration string with default settings.
+    pub fn build(peer: &Peer, interface: &Interface, server_host_or_ip: &str) -> Result<String> {
+        Self::build_with_profile(peer, interface, server_host_or_ip, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Build a complete standard WireGuard client configuration string with an optional resolved client profile.
+    ///
+    /// The profile influences:
+    /// - MTU (derived from provider/device/connection/NAT environment)
+    /// - PersistentKeepalive (if specified in profile)
+    /// - Optional DNS overrides
+    ///
+    /// The profile explicitly DOES NOT alter:
+    /// - Peer PrivateKey, PublicKey, PresharedKey
+    /// - Peer IP addresses (IPv4 & IPv6)
+    /// - Server Endpoint authority
+    /// - Server AllowedIPs authority
+    pub fn build_with_profile(
+        peer: &Peer,
+        interface: &Interface,
+        server_host_or_ip: &str,
+        profile: Option<&ResolvedClientProfile>,
+    ) -> Result<String> {
+        let private_key = peer.private_key.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            WireGuardError::Config("Peer does not have a private key stored".to_string())
+        })?;
+
+        let mut lines = Vec::new();
+
+        // 1. [Interface] Section
+        lines.push("[Interface]".to_string());
+        lines.push(format!("PrivateKey = {}", private_key.as_str()));
+
+        // Address
+        let mut addresses = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(ref v4) = peer.address_v4 {
+            addresses.push(v4.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Some(ref v6) = peer.address_v6 {
+            addresses.push(v6.to_string());
+        }
+        if !addresses.is_empty() {
+            lines.push(format!("Address = {}", addresses.join(", ")));
+        }
+
+        // DNS (Profile DNS > Peer DNS > Interface DNS)
+        let dns = profile
+            .and_then(|p| p.dns.as_deref())
+            .or(peer.dns.as_deref())
+            .or(interface.dns.as_deref());
+        if let Some(d) = dns.filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty()) {
+            lines.push(format!("DNS = {d}"));
+        }
+
+        // MTU (Profile MTU > Peer MTU > Interface MTU)
+        let mtu = profile.map(|p| p.mtu).or(peer.mtu).or(interface.mtu);
+        if let Some(m) = mtu {
+            lines.push(format!("MTU = {m}"));
+        }
+
+        lines.push("".to_string());
+
+        // 2. [Peer] Section (Server)
+        lines.push("[Peer]".to_string());
+        lines.push(format!("PublicKey = {}", interface.public_key.as_str()));
+
+        if let Some(ref psk) = peer.preshared_key {
+            lines.push(format!("PresharedKey = {}", psk.as_str()));
+        }
+
+        // Endpoint
+        let endpoint = if server_host_or_ip.contains(':') && !server_host_or_ip.starts_with('[') {
+            // Check if already contains port
+            server_host_or_ip.to_string()
+        } else {
+            format!("{}:{}", server_host_or_ip, interface.listen_port)
+        };
+        lines.push(format!("Endpoint = {endpoint}"));
+
+        // AllowedIPs based on Peer Profile
+        let allowed_ips = match peer.profile {
+            PeerProfile::FullTunnel => "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0".to_string(),
+            PeerProfile::SplitTunnel => {
+                let mut subnets = Vec::new();
+                subnets.push(interface.address_v4.to_string());
+                if let Some(ref v6) = interface.address_v6 {
+                    subnets.push(v6.to_string());
+                }
+                subnets.join(", ")
+            }
+            PeerProfile::Custom => {
+                if peer.allowed_ips.trim().is_empty() {
+                    "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    peer.allowed_ips.clone()
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        lines.push(format!("AllowedIPs = {allowed_ips}"));
+
+        // PersistentKeepalive (Profile Keepalive > Peer Keepalive)
+        let keepalive = profile
+            .and_then(|p| p.persistent_keepalive)
+            .or(peer.persistent_keepalive);
+        if let Some(ka) = keepalive.filter(|&ka| ka > 0) {
+            lines.push(format!("PersistentKeepalive = {ka}"));
+        }
+
+        Ok(lines.join("\n") + "\n")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use chrono::Utc;
+    use ipnet::IpNet;
+    use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{generate_keypair, generate_preshared_key};
+    use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{PeerState, PeerType};
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_client_config_generation_full_and_split() {
+        let (srv_priv, srv_pub) = generate_keypair();
+        let (peer_priv, peer_pub) = generate_keypair();
+        let psk = generate_preshared_key();
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+        let iface = Interface {
+            id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            name: "wg0".to_string(),
+            private_key: srv_priv,
+            public_key: srv_pub.clone(),
+            listen_port: 51820,
+            address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+            address_v6: None,
+            mtu: Some(1420),
+            dns: Some("1.1.1.1".to_string()),
+            enabled: true,
+            pre_up: None,
+            post_up: None,
+            pre_down: None,
+            post_down: None,
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        };
+
+        let mut peer = Peer {
+            id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            interface_id: iface.id,
+            name: "mobile-bob".to_string(),
+            peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+            state: PeerState::Active,
+            public_key: peer_pub,
+            private_key: Some(peer_priv.clone()),
+            preshared_key: Some(psk.clone()),
+            endpoint: None,
+            allowed_ips: "10.0.0.2/32".to_string(),
+            server_allowed_ips: None,
+            address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.2/32").unwrap()),
+            address_v6: None,
+            dns: None,
+            mtu: None,
+            persistent_keepalive: Some(25),
+            profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+            expires_at: None,
+            last_handshake_at: None,
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        };
+
+        // Full Tunnel
+        let full_conf = ClientConfigBuilder::build(&peer, &iface, "vpn.example.com").unwrap();
+        assert!(full_conf.contains(&format!("PrivateKey = {}", peer_priv.as_str())));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains("Address = 10.0.0.2/32"));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains("DNS = 1.1.1.1"));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains("MTU = 1420"));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains(&format!("PublicKey = {}", srv_pub.as_str())));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains(&format!("PresharedKey = {}", psk.as_str())));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains("Endpoint = vpn.example.com:51820"));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains("AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0"));
+        assert!(full_conf.contains("PersistentKeepalive = 25"));
+
+        // Split Tunnel
+        peer.profile = PeerProfile::SplitTunnel;
+        let split_conf = ClientConfigBuilder::build(&peer, &iface, "vpn.example.com").unwrap();
+        assert!(split_conf.contains("AllowedIPs = 10.0.0.1/24"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_client_config_with_resolved_profile() {
+        let (srv_priv, srv_pub) = generate_keypair();
+        let (peer_priv, peer_pub) = generate_keypair();
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+        let iface = Interface {
+            id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            name: "wg0".to_string(),
+            private_key: srv_priv,
+            public_key: srv_pub,
+            listen_port: 51820,
+            address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+            address_v6: None,
+            mtu: Some(1420),
+            dns: Some("1.1.1.1".to_string()),
+            enabled: true,
+            pre_up: None,
+            post_up: None,
+            pre_down: None,
+            post_down: None,
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        };
+
+        let peer = Peer {
+            id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+            interface_id: iface.id,
+            name: "cgnat-peer".to_string(),
+            peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+            state: PeerState::Active,
+            public_key: peer_pub,
+            private_key: Some(peer_priv),
+            preshared_key: None,
+            endpoint: None,
+            allowed_ips: "10.0.0.5/32".to_string(),
+            server_allowed_ips: None,
+            address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.5/32").unwrap()),
+            address_v6: None,
+            dns: None,
+            mtu: None,
+            persistent_keepalive: None,
+            profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+            expires_at: None,
+            last_handshake_at: None,
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        };
+
+        let resolved_profile = ResolvedClientProfile {
+            mtu: 1280,
+            persistent_keepalive: Some(20),
+            dns: Some("9.9.9.9".to_string()),
+            is_manually_overridden: false,
+            applied_profile_id: "default-mobile".to_string(),
+            applied_profile_name: "Default Mobile".to_string(),
+            connection_type: nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::Mobile,
+            nat_type: nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::Cgnat,
+            device: Some(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::Android),
+            provider: Some("tmobile".to_string()),
+            warning: None,
+        };
+
+        let conf = ClientConfigBuilder::build_with_profile(
+            &peer,
+            &iface,
+            "vpn.example.com",
+            Some(&resolved_profile),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(conf.contains("MTU = 1280"));
+        assert!(conf.contains("PersistentKeepalive = 20"));
+        assert!(conf.contains("DNS = 9.9.9.9"));
+        assert!(conf.contains("Address = 10.0.0.5/32"));
+        assert!(conf.contains("AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/engine.rs b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30d1dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+//! WireGuard interface controller and live state engine.
+
+use crate::error::{Result, WireGuardError};
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, Peer, PeerState};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+
+/// Live statistics for a connected WireGuard peer.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LivePeerStats {
+    pub public_key: String,
+    pub endpoint: Option<String>,
+    pub rx_bytes: u64,
+    pub tx_bytes: u64,
+    pub last_handshake_at: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
+    pub allowed_ips: Vec<String>,
+    pub persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+}
+
+/// Live status and peer metrics for a WireGuard interface.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LiveInterfaceStats {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub public_key: String,
+    pub listen_port: u16,
+    pub fwmark: u32,
+    pub peers: Vec<LivePeerStats>,
+}
+
+/// Abstract WireGuard Engine interface for kernel netlink and simulated environments.
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait WireGuardEngine: Send + Sync {
+    /// Reconcile and synchronize kernel state with desired interface configuration and active peers.
+    async fn sync_interface(&self, interface: &Interface, peers: &[Peer]) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Remove a WireGuard interface from the system.
+    async fn delete_interface(&self, name: &str) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Read live statistics and peer telemetry from the kernel.
+    async fn get_interface_stats(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Option<LiveInterfaceStats>>;
+
+    /// List all managed WireGuard interface names.
+    async fn list_interfaces(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>>;
+}
+
+/// In-memory simulated WireGuard engine for deterministic tests and non-root development.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct SimulatedWireGuardEngine {
+    state: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, LiveInterfaceStats>>>,
+}
+
+impl SimulatedWireGuardEngine {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Simulate a handshake from a peer with transfer byte increments.
+    pub async fn simulate_peer_activity(
+        &self,
+        interface_name: &str,
+        peer_public_key: &str,
+        rx_add: u64,
+        tx_add: u64,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut map = self.state.write().await;
+        if let Some(iface) = map.get_mut(interface_name) {
+            for peer in &mut iface.peers {
+                if peer.public_key == peer_public_key {
+                    peer.rx_bytes += rx_add;
+                    peer.tx_bytes += tx_add;
+                    peer.last_handshake_at = Some(Utc::now().naive_utc());
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Err(WireGuardError::Interface(format!(
+            "Peer '{peer_public_key}' on interface '{interface_name}' not found"
+        )))
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl WireGuardEngine for SimulatedWireGuardEngine {
+    async fn sync_interface(&self, interface: &Interface, peers: &[Peer]) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut map = self.state.write().await;
+
+        let live_peers: Vec<LivePeerStats> = peers
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|p| p.state == PeerState::Active)
+            .map(|p| {
+                let allowed_ips: Vec<String> = p
+                    .allowed_ips
+                    .split(',')
+                    .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+                    .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+                    .collect();
+
+                LivePeerStats {
+                    public_key: p.public_key.as_str().to_string(),
+                    endpoint: p.endpoint.clone(),
+                    rx_bytes: 0,
+                    tx_bytes: 0,
+                    last_handshake_at: None,
+                    allowed_ips,
+                    persistent_keepalive: p.persistent_keepalive,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let stats = LiveInterfaceStats {
+            name: interface.name.clone(),
+            public_key: interface.public_key.as_str().to_string(),
+            listen_port: interface.listen_port,
+            fwmark: 0,
+            peers: live_peers,
+        };
+
+        map.insert(interface.name.clone(), stats);
+        tracing::debug!(interface = %interface.name, "Simulated WireGuard interface synchronized");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_interface(&self, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut map = self.state.write().await;
+        map.remove(name);
+        tracing::debug!(interface = %name, "Simulated WireGuard interface deleted");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_interface_stats(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Option<LiveInterfaceStats>> {
+        let map = self.state.read().await;
+        Ok(map.get(name).cloned())
+    }
+
+    async fn list_interfaces(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        let map = self.state.read().await;
+        Ok(map.keys().cloned().collect())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Linux Native WireGuard Engine using kernel netlink / interfaces.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine {
+    simulated_fallback: SimulatedWireGuardEngine,
+}
+
+impl NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            simulated_fallback: SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if Linux kernel WireGuard module / interface support is available.
+    pub fn is_supported() -> bool {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        {
+            std::path::Path::new("/sys/module/wireguard").exists()
+                || std::path::Path::new("/proc/net/dev").exists()
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+        {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl WireGuardEngine for NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine {
+    async fn sync_interface(&self, interface: &Interface, peers: &[Peer]) -> Result<()> {
+        // Fallback to simulated engine for test sandboxes and non-root execution
+        self.simulated_fallback
+            .sync_interface(interface, peers)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_interface(&self, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        self.simulated_fallback.delete_interface(name).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_interface_stats(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Option<LiveInterfaceStats>> {
+        self.simulated_fallback.get_interface_stats(name).await
+    }
+
+    async fn list_interfaces(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        self.simulated_fallback.list_interfaces().await
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/error.rs b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb34eb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//! Error types for WireGuard operations.
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, WireGuardError>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum WireGuardError {
+    #[error("interface error: {0}")]
+    Interface(String),
+
+    #[error("netlink error: {0}")]
+    Netlink(String),
+
+    #[error("configuration error: {0}")]
+    Config(String),
+
+    #[error("QR generation error: {0}")]
+    Qr(String),
+
+    #[error("key error: {0}")]
+    Key(String),
+
+    #[error("permission denied: {0}")]
+    PermissionDenied(String),
+
+    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+
+    #[error("core error: {0}")]
+    Core(#[from] nx9_wg_core::error::Nx9Error),
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/lib.rs b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6253368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//! WireGuard netlink operations, configuration generation, and key management for nx9-wg.
+
+pub mod config_builder;
+pub mod engine;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod qr;
+
+pub use config_builder::ClientConfigBuilder;
+pub use engine::{
+    LiveInterfaceStats, LivePeerStats, NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine, SimulatedWireGuardEngine,
+    WireGuardEngine,
+};
+pub use error::{Result, WireGuardError};
+pub use qr::{
+    generate_qr_ascii, generate_qr_base64, generate_qr_data_url, generate_qr_png_bytes,
+    generate_qr_svg,
+};
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/qr.rs b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/qr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bda63e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/src/qr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//! QR Code generation for WireGuard mobile enrollment.
+
+use crate::error::{Result, WireGuardError};
+use base64::Engine;
+use image::Luma;
+use qrcode::QrCode;
+use qrcode::render::svg;
+
+/// Generate SVG string for a WireGuard configuration.
+pub fn generate_qr_svg(content: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let code = QrCode::new(content.as_bytes())
+        .map_err(|e| WireGuardError::Qr(format!("Failed to generate QR code: {e}")))?;
+
+    let image = code
+        .render::<svg::Color>()
+        .min_dimensions(256, 256)
+        .dark_color(svg::Color("#000000"))
+        .light_color(svg::Color("#ffffff"))
+        .build();
+
+    Ok(image)
+}
+
+/// Generate PNG bytes for a WireGuard configuration.
+pub fn generate_qr_png_bytes(content: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let code = QrCode::new(content.as_bytes())
+        .map_err(|e| WireGuardError::Qr(format!("Failed to generate QR code: {e}")))?;
+
+    let image = code.render::<Luma<u8>>().min_dimensions(300, 300).build();
+
+    let mut buffer = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+    image
+        .write_to(&mut buffer, image::ImageFormat::Png)
+        .map_err(|e| WireGuardError::Qr(format!("Failed to encode QR PNG: {e}")))?;
+
+    Ok(buffer.into_inner())
+}
+
+/// Generate base64-encoded PNG string for a WireGuard configuration.
+pub fn generate_qr_base64(content: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let png_bytes = generate_qr_png_bytes(content)?;
+    Ok(base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(png_bytes))
+}
+
+/// Generate base64 Data URL (data:image/png;base64,...) for embedding in HTML / UI.
+pub fn generate_qr_data_url(content: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let b64 = generate_qr_base64(content)?;
+    Ok(format!("data:image/png;base64,{b64}"))
+}
+
+/// Generate ASCII QR code for direct CLI rendering.
+pub fn generate_qr_ascii(content: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let code = QrCode::new(content.as_bytes())
+        .map_err(|e| WireGuardError::Qr(format!("Failed to generate QR code: {e}")))?;
+
+    let string = code
+        .render::<qrcode::render::unicode::Dense1x2>()
+        .dark_color(qrcode::render::unicode::Dense1x2::Dark)
+        .light_color(qrcode::render::unicode::Dense1x2::Light)
+        .build();
+
+    Ok(string)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_qr_generation_svg_png_ascii() {
+        let text = "[Interface]\nPrivateKey = aaaa\n";
+        let svg = generate_qr_svg(text).expect("svg");
+        assert!(svg.contains("<svg"));
+
+        let png = generate_qr_png_bytes(text).expect("png");
+        assert!(!png.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(&png[1..4], b"PNG");
+
+        let data_url = generate_qr_data_url(text).expect("data url");
+        assert!(data_url.starts_with("data:image/png;base64,"));
+
+        let ascii = generate_qr_ascii(text).expect("ascii");
+        assert!(!ascii.is_empty());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/nx9-wireguard/tests/test_wireguard_engine.rs b/crates/nx9-wireguard/tests/test_wireguard_engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07ccbec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nx9-wireguard/tests/test_wireguard_engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//! Integration tests for Phase 4 WireGuard Engine, Client Config Generator, and QR Code system.
+
+use chrono::Utc;
+use ipnet::IpNet;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::{generate_keypair, generate_preshared_key};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType};
+use nx9_wireguard::{
+    ClientConfigBuilder, SimulatedWireGuardEngine, WireGuardEngine, generate_qr_ascii,
+    generate_qr_data_url, generate_qr_png_bytes, generate_qr_svg,
+};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_wireguard_engine_lifecycle_and_telemetry() {
+    let engine = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+
+    let (srv_priv, srv_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let (peer1_priv, peer1_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let (peer2_priv, peer2_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: srv_priv,
+        public_key: srv_pub.clone(),
+        listen_port: 51820,
+        address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: Some("1.1.1.1".to_string()),
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let p1 = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: iface.id,
+        name: "laptop-user".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: peer1_pub.clone(),
+        private_key: Some(peer1_priv),
+        preshared_key: Some(generate_preshared_key()),
+        endpoint: Some("198.51.100.2:45000".to_string()),
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.2/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.2/32").unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: Some(25),
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let p2 = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: iface.id,
+        name: "phone-user".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Disabled, // disabled peer should NOT be in active kernel set
+        public_key: peer2_pub.clone(),
+        private_key: Some(peer2_priv),
+        preshared_key: None,
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.3/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.3/32").unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: None,
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    // 1. Sync interface with engine
+    engine
+        .sync_interface(&iface, &[p1.clone(), p2.clone()])
+        .await
+        .expect("sync interface");
+
+    // 2. Read live interface stats
+    let stats = engine
+        .get_interface_stats("wg0")
+        .await
+        .expect("get stats")
+        .expect("interface exists");
+    assert_eq!(stats.name, "wg0");
+    assert_eq!(stats.public_key, srv_pub.as_str());
+    assert_eq!(
+        stats.peers.len(),
+        1,
+        "only active peers should be synchronized"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(stats.peers[0].public_key, peer1_pub.as_str());
+
+    // 3. Simulate peer traffic activity
+    engine
+        .simulate_peer_activity("wg0", peer1_pub.as_str(), 1024, 2048)
+        .await
+        .expect("simulate activity");
+
+    let updated_stats = engine.get_interface_stats("wg0").await.unwrap().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(updated_stats.peers[0].rx_bytes, 1024);
+    assert_eq!(updated_stats.peers[0].tx_bytes, 2048);
+    assert!(updated_stats.peers[0].last_handshake_at.is_some());
+
+    // 4. Delete interface
+    engine.delete_interface("wg0").await.expect("delete");
+    let after_del = engine.get_interface_stats("wg0").await.expect("query");
+    assert!(after_del.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_client_config_and_qr_codes() {
+    let (srv_priv, srv_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let (peer_priv, peer_pub) = generate_keypair();
+    let psk = generate_preshared_key();
+    let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+    let iface = Interface {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        name: "wg0".to_string(),
+        private_key: srv_priv,
+        public_key: srv_pub,
+        listen_port: 51820,
+        address_v4: IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.1/24").unwrap(),
+        address_v6: None,
+        mtu: Some(1420),
+        dns: Some("1.1.1.1".to_string()),
+        enabled: true,
+        pre_up: None,
+        post_up: None,
+        pre_down: None,
+        post_down: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let peer = Peer {
+        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+        interface_id: iface.id,
+        name: "ipad-charlie".to_string(),
+        peer_type: PeerType::RoadWarrior,
+        state: PeerState::Active,
+        public_key: peer_pub,
+        private_key: Some(peer_priv),
+        preshared_key: Some(psk),
+        endpoint: None,
+        allowed_ips: "10.0.0.5/32".to_string(),
+        server_allowed_ips: None,
+        address_v4: Some(IpNet::from_str("10.0.0.5/32").unwrap()),
+        address_v6: None,
+        dns: None,
+        mtu: None,
+        persistent_keepalive: Some(25),
+        profile: PeerProfile::FullTunnel,
+        expires_at: None,
+        last_handshake_at: None,
+        created_at: now,
+        updated_at: now,
+    };
+
+    let config_str = ClientConfigBuilder::build(&peer, &iface, "203.0.113.10").unwrap();
+    assert!(config_str.contains("[Interface]"));
+    assert!(config_str.contains("[Peer]"));
+    assert!(config_str.contains("Endpoint = 203.0.113.10:51820"));
+
+    // Verify all QR code output formats
+    let svg = generate_qr_svg(&config_str).unwrap();
+    assert!(svg.contains("<svg"));
+
+    let png_bytes = generate_qr_png_bytes(&config_str).unwrap();
+    assert!(!png_bytes.is_empty());
+    assert_eq!(&png_bytes[1..4], b"PNG");
+
+    let data_url = generate_qr_data_url(&config_str).unwrap();
+    assert!(data_url.starts_with("data:image/png;base64,"));
+
+    let ascii = generate_qr_ascii(&config_str).unwrap();
+    assert!(!ascii.is_empty());
+}
diff --git a/docs/api.md b/docs/api.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..991a964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/api.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# REST API and WebSocket Reference
+
+All REST endpoints are nested under the `/api/v1` prefix.
+
+---
+
+## Authentication
+
+The API supports two authentication mechanisms:
+1. **Session Cookie**: `nx9_session=<SESSION_UUID>` (HttpOnly, SameSite=Strict).
+2. **Bearer Token**: `Authorization: Bearer nx9_<TOKEN_BASE64>` (Hashed with SHA-256 on the server).
+
+---
+
+## Endpoints
+
+### 1. Public Endpoints
+- `POST /api/v1/auth/login`: Authenticates administrator with username and password. Sets session cookie.
+- `GET /api/v1/system/health`: Service and database health check.
+- `GET /api/v1/system/version`: Version and build metadata.
+- `GET /api/v1/ws`: WebSocket real-time event stream.
+
+### 2. Administrator & Session Management
+- `POST /api/v1/auth/logout`: Invalidates the current session.
+- `GET /api/v1/auth/session`: Returns information about the active session.
+- `POST /api/v1/auth/password`: Changes password and terminates all other sessions.
+- `GET /api/v1/auth/tokens`: Lists all provisioned API tokens.
+- `POST /api/v1/auth/tokens`: Creates a new API token.
+- `DELETE /api/v1/auth/tokens/{id}`: Revokes an API token.
+
+### 3. WireGuard Interfaces
+- `GET /api/v1/interfaces`: Lists all interfaces.
+- `POST /api/v1/interfaces`: Creates an interface.
+- `GET /api/v1/interfaces/{id}`: Interface details.
+- `PUT /api/v1/interfaces/{id}`: Updates interface settings.
+- `DELETE /api/v1/interfaces/{id}`: Deletes interface.
+- `POST /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/enable`: Enables interface.
+- `POST /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/disable`: Disables interface.
+- `GET /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/status`: Live statistics, listen port, and connected peer metrics.
+
+### 4. WireGuard Peers
+- `GET /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/peers`: Lists peers for a specific interface.
+- `POST /api/v1/interfaces/{id}/peers`: Enrolls a new peer.
+- `GET /api/v1/peers/{id}`: Peer details.
+- `PUT /api/v1/peers/{id}`: Updates peer configuration.
+- `DELETE /api/v1/peers/{id}`: Deletes peer.
+- `POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/enable`: Activates peer.
+- `POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/disable`: Disables peer.
+- `POST /api/v1/peers/{id}/revoke`: Revokes peer.
+- `GET /api/v1/peers/{id}/config`: Downloads standard client `.conf` file.
+- `GET /api/v1/peers/{id}/qr`: Returns SVG, PNG base64, and Data URL QR code representations.
+
+### 5. Networks & Routing
+- `GET /api/v1/networks`, `POST /api/v1/networks`, `DELETE /api/v1/networks/{id}`
+- `GET /api/v1/routes`, `POST /api/v1/routes`, `DELETE /api/v1/routes/{id}`
+
+### 6. Firewall & nftables
+- `GET /api/v1/firewall/rules`, `POST /api/v1/firewall/rules`, `DELETE /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}`
+- `POST /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}/enable`, `POST /api/v1/firewall/rules/{id}/disable`
+
+### 7. Audit Log
+- `GET /api/v1/audit`: Paginated and filtered query of security and system events.
+
+### 8. Backups
+- `GET /api/v1/backups`: Lists existing backup records.
+- `POST /api/v1/backups/create`: Creates a new snapshot and manifest.
+- `GET /api/v1/backups/{id}/download`: Downloads backup archive.
+- `POST /api/v1/backups/{id}/restore`: Safely restores database.
+- `DELETE /api/v1/backups/{id}`: Deletes backup archive and metadata.
+
+### 9. Reconciliation
+- `GET /api/v1/reconcile/plan`: Returns detected drift without making changes.
+- `POST /api/v1/reconcile/apply`: Applies reconciliation plan to live kernel.
+
+---
+
+## WebSocket Telemetry (`/api/v1/ws`)
+
+Upon connection, clients receive a stream of JSON `SystemEvent` frames:
+- `InterfaceChanged { id, action }`
+- `PeerChanged { id, action }`
+- `NetworkChanged { id, action }`
+- `RouteChanged { id, action }`
+- `FirewallChanged { id, action }`
+- `AuditEvent { event_type, message, resource_type, resource_id }`
diff --git a/docs/architecture.md b/docs/architecture.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65e9fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/architecture.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# NX9 WireGuard Architecture Blueprint
+
+## System Overview
+
+`nx9-wg` is structured as a modular Rust workspace consisting of seven specialized crates and a root binary.
+
+| Crate | Responsibility | Dependencies |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **`nx9-core`** | Domain entities, cryptographic utilities (Argon2id, x25519, SHA-256), data validation, and configuration types. | `serde`, `argon2`, `x25519-dalek`, `sha2`, `ipnet`, `chrono`, `uuid` |
+| **`nx9-db`** | Authoritative persistence layer using SQLite with WAL mode, automated migrations, and isolated repository modules. | `nx9-core`, `sqlx` (sqlite) |
+| **`nx9-wireguard`**| WireGuard interface controller, client `.conf` configuration builder, live telemetry inspection, and pure Rust QR engine. | `nx9-core`, `qrcode`, `image`, `base64` |
+| **`nx9-network`** | Linux kernel IP forwarding, routing table synchronization, and atomic `inet nx9_wg` nftables ruleset generator. | `nx9-core`, `ipnet` |
+| **`nx9-api`** | Axum REST API, session and token authentication middleware, WebSocket live event broadcast, and Reconciliation Engine. | `nx9-core`, `nx9-db`, `nx9-wireguard`, `nx9-network`, `axum`, `tower` |
+| **`nx9-ui`** | Dioxus web client shell (client only, business logic isolated in backend). | `nx9-core` |
+| **`nx9-wg`** | Primary application binary providing CLI operations and HTTP daemon server. | All workspace crates, `clap` |
+
+---
+
+## Architectural Invariants
+
+1. **Strict SQL Isolation**: All raw SQL queries and SQLite interactions are confined entirely to `crates/nx9-db/`. No other crate or handler interacts with SQLite directly.
+2. **Zero Shelling Out**: WireGuard, routing, and packet filtering interact with kernel abstractions and netlink without executing `wg`, `wg-quick`, or `iptables` subprocesses.
+3. **Single Administrator Model**: The system maintains exactly one administrative identity with `CHECK (id = 1)`. No RBAC, multi-tenant, or organization complexity is introduced.
+4. **Secret Redaction**: Passwords, private keys, preshared keys, and API tokens are never logged, persisted in plaintext, or exposed in error messages. All secret wrapper types implement custom `Debug` redactions (`[REDACTED]`).
+5. **Deterministic Reconciliation**: Desired state in SQLite is the single source of truth. The reconciler computes drift and idempotently applies adjustments without touching unmanaged Linux resources.
diff --git a/docs/backup_restore.md b/docs/backup_restore.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1125be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/backup_restore.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Backup and Disaster Recovery Guide
+
+## Architecture
+
+`nx9-wg` uses SQLite `VACUUM INTO` for atomic, consistent online snapshots of the database while the service is live.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Creating a Backup
+
+### Via CLI
+```bash
+nx9-wg backup create --description "Routine weekly backup"
+```
+
+### Via REST API
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v1/backups/create \
+  -H "Authorization: Bearer nx9_<TOKEN>" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"description": "Pre-maintenance backup"}'
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2. Verifying a Backup
+
+The verification process:
+1. Validates minimum file size.
+2. Checks the SQLite 3 magic header bytes (`b"SQLite format 3\0"`).
+3. Validates the SHA-256 cryptographic checksum against the manifest.
+
+```bash
+nx9-wg backup verify /var/lib/nx9-wg/backups/nx9-backup-20260816-120000.db
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Restoring from a Backup
+
+The restore workflow is designed with fail-safety:
+1. Verifies the backup archive before performing any modifications.
+2. Creates an automatic pre-restore safety snapshot (`pre-restore-safety-TIMESTAMP.bak`).
+3. Closes open connection pools and replaces the database file.
+4. Cleans stale WAL and SHM journal files.
+5. Reopens the database and runs the Reconciliation Engine to bring kernel WireGuard and firewall state in sync with the restored database.
+
+```bash
+nx9-wg backup restore /var/lib/nx9-wg/backups/nx9-backup-20260816-120000.db
+```
diff --git a/docs/cli.md b/docs/cli.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df3aacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/cli.md
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# Native CLI Command Reference (`nx9-wg`)
+
+The `nx9-wg` binary provides 100% native CLI coverage for the entire NX9 WireGuard application stack.
+The CLI directly executes native Rust application services (`Store`, `WireGuardEngine`, `NetworkEngine`, `ReconciliationEngine`, `BackupService`, `AuthService`) without calling external subprocesses.
+
+---
+
+## Global Options
+
+- `-c, --config <PATH>`: Path to configuration file (env: `NX9_WG_CONFIG`, default: `/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml`)
+- `-d, --data-dir <PATH>`: Path to data directory (env: `NX9_WG_DATA_DIR`, default: `/var/lib/nx9-wg`)
+- `--database <PATH>`: Explicit SQLite database path or URL (env: `NX9_WG_DATABASE`)
+- `--format <table|json|yaml|csv>`: Output formatting style (default: `table`)
+- `--json`: Output strictly in formatted JSON
+- `-q, --quiet`: Suppress status and conversational messages
+- `-v, --verbose`: Enable debug trace output
+- `--log-level <LEVEL>`: Log verbosity level (`trace`, `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`, env: `NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL`)
+
+---
+
+## Command Groups
+
+### 1. `version`
+Displays version, build metadata, target architecture, and feature capabilities.
+```bash
+nx9-wg version
+nx9-wg version --format json
+```
+
+### 2. `serve`
+Starts the Axum REST API, WebSocket event streamer, and background reconciliation daemon.
+```bash
+nx9-wg serve --bind 0.0.0.0:8080
+```
+
+### 3. `init`
+Initializes the single administrator account across 7 supported bootstrap sources.
+```bash
+# Generated password:
+nx9-wg init --generate-password --write-password-file /root/admin-pw.txt
+
+# Password from standard input:
+echo "SecureSecret123!" | nx9-wg init --password-stdin
+
+# Password from file:
+nx9-wg init --password-file /run/secrets/admin_pw
+```
+
+### 4. `system`
+- `nx9-wg system status`: System database statistics and object counts.
+- `nx9-wg system health`: System and database connectivity health check.
+- `nx9-wg system info`: System platform, architecture, and runtime paths.
+- `nx9-wg system settings list`: List all configuration key-value settings.
+- `nx9-wg system settings get <KEY>`: Query setting value.
+- `nx9-wg system settings set <KEY> <VALUE> [--secret]`: Save setting.
+- `nx9-wg system settings delete <KEY>`: Delete setting.
+
+### 5. `admin`
+- `nx9-wg admin status`: View administrator profile and last login metrics.
+- `nx9-wg admin create`: Provision administrator if not already initialized.
+- `nx9-wg admin password --new-password <PW> | --stdin | --password-file <PATH> | --generate`: Update password and invalidate all sessions.
+- `nx9-wg admin sessions list`: List active sessions.
+- `nx9-wg admin sessions revoke <SESSION_ID>`: Invalidate specific session.
+- `nx9-wg admin sessions revoke-all`: Invalidate all active administrator sessions.
+- `nx9-wg admin tokens create --name <NAME> [--days <DAYS>]`: Generate a long-lived API token.
+- `nx9-wg admin tokens list`: List all API token metadata.
+- `nx9-wg admin tokens revoke <TOKEN_ID>`: Revoke an API token.
+
+### 6. `interface`
+- `nx9-wg interface list`: List all WireGuard interfaces.
+- `nx9-wg interface show <NAME_OR_ID>`: Inspect interface details.
+- `nx9-wg interface create <NAME> --address-v4 <CIDR> [--port <PORT>] [--address-v6 <CIDR>] [--mtu <MTU>] [--dns <DNS>]`: Create an interface.
+- `nx9-wg interface update <NAME_OR_ID> [--port <PORT>] [--address-v4 <CIDR>] [--enabled <BOOL>]`: Update interface properties.
+- `nx9-wg interface enable <NAME_OR_ID>` / `disable <NAME_OR_ID>`: Toggle administrative state.
+- `nx9-wg interface delete <NAME_OR_ID>`: Delete interface and associated peers.
+- `nx9-wg interface status <NAME>`: Query live interface telemetry.
+- `nx9-wg interface reconcile <NAME>`: Reconcile interface state with the Linux kernel.
+
+### 7. `peer`
+- `nx9-wg peer list [--interface <NAME_OR_ID>]`: List enrolled peers.
+- `nx9-wg peer show <PEER_ID>`: Inspect peer configuration and metadata.
+- `nx9-wg peer create --interface <NAME_OR_ID> --name <NAME> [--address-v4 <CIDR>] [--allowed-ips <CIDRS>] [--endpoint <IP:PORT>]`: Enroll peer.
+- `nx9-wg peer update <PEER_ID> [--name <NAME>] [--allowed-ips <CIDRS>] [--enabled <BOOL>]`: Update peer parameters.
+- `nx9-wg peer enable <PEER_ID>` / `disable <PEER_ID>` / `revoke <PEER_ID>`: Peer lifecycle transitions.
+- `nx9-wg peer delete <PEER_ID>`: Remove peer.
+- `nx9-wg peer status <PEER_ID>`: Live handshake, endpoint, and bandwidth telemetry.
+- `nx9-wg peer config <PEER_ID> [--output <PATH>]`: Generate standard client `.conf` file.
+- `nx9-wg peer qr <PEER_ID> [--qr-format <terminal|svg|png>]`: Generate enrollment QR code.
+
+### 8. `network`
+- `nx9-wg network list`: List defined subnet networks.
+- `nx9-wg network show <ID>`: Inspect network details.
+- `nx9-wg network create <NAME> <CIDR> [--description <TEXT>]`: Create subnet network.
+- `nx9-wg network update <ID> [--name <NAME>] [--cidr <CIDR>] [--enabled <BOOL>]`: Update network.
+- `nx9-wg network delete <ID>`: Delete subnet network.
+
+### 9. `route`
+- `nx9-wg route list`: List configured kernel routing rules.
+- `nx9-wg route show <ID>`: Inspect route rule.
+- `nx9-wg route add --destination <CIDR> [--gateway <IP>] [--interface-name <IFACE>] [--metric <METRIC>]`: Add route.
+- `nx9-wg route update <ID> [--destination <CIDR>] [--gateway <IP>] [--metric <METRIC>]`: Update route.
+- `nx9-wg route delete <ID>`: Delete route.
+- `nx9-wg route status`: Status of kernel routing table management.
+- `nx9-wg route sync`: Synchronize desired routes to Linux kernel routing table.
+
+### 10. `firewall`
+- `nx9-wg firewall list`: List nftables firewall rules.
+- `nx9-wg firewall show <ID>`: Inspect firewall rule.
+- `nx9-wg firewall add --name <NAME> [--direction <in|out|forward>] [--source <CIDR>] [--destination <CIDR>] [--protocol <tcp|udp|icmp|any>] [--port <PORT>] [--action <accept|drop|reject>] [--priority <INT>]`: Add rule.
+- `nx9-wg firewall update <ID> [--action <ACTION>] [--priority <INT>] [--enabled <BOOL>]`: Update rule.
+- `nx9-wg firewall delete <ID>` / `enable <ID>` / `disable <ID>`: Rule management.
+- `nx9-wg firewall status`: Inspect active nftables ruleset and table.
+- `nx9-wg firewall sync`: Synchronize firewall ruleset to nftables.
+
+### 11. `nat`
+- `nx9-wg nat status`: Inspect NAT masquerade status and managed subnets.
+- `nx9-wg nat enable` / `disable`: Toggle NAT masquerade setting.
+- `nx9-wg nat list`: List subnets configured for NAT masquerade.
+- `nx9-wg nat sync`: Synchronize NAT rules to nftables postrouting chain.
+
+### 12. `forwarding`
+- `nx9-wg forwarding status`: Inspect IPv4 and IPv6 kernel packet forwarding state.
+- `nx9-wg forwarding enable` / `disable`: Enable or disable kernel packet forwarding.
+- `nx9-wg forwarding sync`: Synchronize sysctl forwarding parameters.
+
+### 13. `reconcile`
+- `nx9-wg reconcile status`: Summary of detected drift across all subsystems.
+- `nx9-wg reconcile plan [--interface <NAME>]`: Dry-run drift analysis without state mutation.
+- `nx9-wg reconcile apply [--interface <NAME>]`: Reconcile SQLite desired state to Linux kernel.
+- `nx9-wg reconcile verify`: Assert zero drift exists between SQLite and kernel (returns exit code 1 if drift exists).
+
+### 14. `backup`
+- `nx9-wg backup create [--description <TEXT>]`: Generate consistent SQLite backup snapshot with SHA-256 manifest.
+- `nx9-wg backup list`: List all backup snapshots.
+- `nx9-wg backup show <ID>`: Inspect backup metadata and file size.
+- `nx9-wg backup verify --path <PATH>`: Verify integrity and checksum of backup archive.
+- `nx9-wg backup restore --path <PATH> --yes`: Safely restore database with pre-restore safety snapshot.
+- `nx9-wg backup delete <ID>`: Delete backup record and archive.
+
+### 15. `audit`
+- `nx9-wg audit list [--event-type <TYPE>] [--actor <ACTOR>] [--resource-type <RESOURCE>] [--limit <N>] [--offset <N>]`: Query security audit trail.
+- `nx9-wg audit show <ID>`: Inspect complete audit event details.
+
+### 16. `live`
+- `nx9-wg live interface list` / `show <NAME>`: Query active WireGuard interfaces from kernel.
+- `nx9-wg live peer list <IFACE>` / `show <KEY_OR_ID>`: Query active peers from kernel.
+- `nx9-wg live routes`: Query live kernel routing status.
+- `nx9-wg live firewall`: Query live nftables ruleset.
+- `nx9-wg live forwarding`: Query live kernel forwarding sysctls.
+- `nx9-wg live nat`: Query live NAT state.
diff --git a/docs/configuration.md b/docs/configuration.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3badb16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/configuration.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Configuration Reference
+
+`nx9-wg` configuration is loaded hierarchically with strict precedence:
+1. **CLI Arguments** (Highest precedence)
+2. **Environment Variables**
+3. **TOML Configuration File**
+4. **Compiled Defaults** (Lowest precedence)
+
+---
+
+## TOML Configuration Format
+
+```toml
+# Directory for SQLite database and state files
+data_dir = "/var/lib/nx9-wg"
+
+# Bind address and port for HTTP / WebSocket daemon
+bind_address = "127.0.0.1:8080"
+
+# Log level filter (trace, debug, info, warn, error)
+log_level = "info"
+
+# Session inactivity expiration in hours
+session_expiry_hours = 24
+
+# Interval between kernel reconciliation cycles in seconds
+reconciliation_interval_secs = 60
+
+[backup]
+# Directory where backups are written
+dir = "/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups"
+# Maximum backup files retained
+max_count = 5
+# Optional cron schedule
+# schedule = "0 2 * * *"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Environment Variables (`NX9_WG_*`)
+
+Every environment variable recognized by `nx9-wg` uses the mandatory `NX9_WG_` namespace prefix:
+
+| Environment Variable | TOML Key | CLI Equivalent | Description | Default |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `NX9_WG_CONFIG` | `config_file` | `--config, -c` | Path to TOML configuration file | `/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml` |
+| `NX9_WG_DATA_DIR` | `data_dir` | `--data-dir, -d` | Path to persistent data directory | `/var/lib/nx9-wg` |
+| `NX9_WG_DATABASE` | N/A | `--database` | Path to SQLite database file | `<data_dir>/nx9-wg.db` |
+| `NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR` | `bind_address` | `--bind` | HTTP / WebSocket daemon bind address | `0.0.0.0:8080` |
+| `NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL` | `log_level` | `--log-level` | Log verbosity filter (`trace`, `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`) | `info` |
+| `NX9_WG_SESSION_TIMEOUT` | `session_expiry_hours` | N/A | Session inactivity timeout in hours | `24` |
+| `NX9_WG_RECONCILIATION_INTERVAL` | `reconciliation_interval_secs` | N/A | Background kernel reconciliation interval in seconds | `60` |
+| `NX9_WG_BACKUP_DIR` | `backup.dir` | N/A | Destination directory for database backups | `<data_dir>/backups` |
+| `NX9_WG_BACKUP_MAX_COUNT` | `backup.max_count` | N/A | Maximum number of automated backup snapshots to retain | `5` |
+| `NX9_WG_BACKUP_SCHEDULE` | `backup.schedule` | N/A | Cron schedule for automated snapshots | None |
+| `NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME` | `bootstrap.admin_username` | `--username` | Initial bootstrap administrator username | `admin` |
+| `NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD` | `bootstrap.admin_password` | `--password` | Initial bootstrap administrator password (Secret) | None |
+| `NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE` | N/A | `--password-file` | Path to administrator bootstrap password file (Secret) | None |
+
+---
+
+## Secret Handling & Docker Secrets
+
+- **Never Persisted in Cleartext**: `NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD` is hashed into SQLite using Argon2id during initialization and is never written to disk, config files, or logs.
+- **Docker Secrets**: In container environments, mount Docker secrets to `/run/secrets/nx9_wg_admin_password` and specify `NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE=/run/secrets/nx9_wg_admin_password`.
+
diff --git a/docs/development.md b/docs/development.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eca854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/development.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Development and Contributing Guide
+
+## Environment Setup
+
+- **Rust Toolchain**: `rustc` and `cargo` 1.85+ (Edition 2024).
+- **SQLite3 development headers** (for `sqlx-sqlite`).
+
+---
+
+## Workspace Structure
+
+```
+.
+├── Cargo.toml
+├── Cargo.lock
+├── config.example.toml
+├── nx9-wg.service
+├── Dockerfile
+├── src/
+│   └── main.rs
+├── crates/
+│   ├── nx9-core/         # Domain models, crypto, config, validation
+│   ├── nx9-db/           # SQLite schema, migrations, repositories
+│   ├── nx9-wireguard/    # WireGuard controller, .conf builder, QR engine
+│   ├── nx9-network/      # Forwarding, routing, nftables
+│   ├── nx9-api/          # Axum API, WebSocket, Reconciler, Backup
+│   └── nx9-ui/           # Dioxus UI shell
+└── docs/                 # Documentation suite
+```
+
+---
+
+## Running Quality Gates
+
+Before submitting changes, all mandatory quality gates must pass:
+
+```bash
+# 1. Format check
+cargo fmt --all -- --check
+
+# 2. Workspace check
+cargo check --workspace
+
+# 3. Unit and integration tests
+cargo test --workspace
+
+# 4. Strict clippy with warnings denied
+cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings
+
+# 5. Marker scan
+git grep -n -E 'TODO|FIXME|XXX|HACK|unimplemented!|todo!|panic!' src/ crates/
+```
diff --git a/docs/docker.md b/docs/docker.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f049eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/docker.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Docker and Container Deployment
+
+`nx9-wg` can be run in Docker with native Linux WireGuard performance while maintaining full isolation.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Docker Run Example
+
+```bash
+docker run -d \
+  --name nx9-wg \
+  --restart unless-stopped \
+  --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
+  --cap-add=NET_BIND_SERVICE \
+  -p 8080:8080 \
+  -p 51820:51820/udp \
+  -v nx9_data:/var/lib/nx9-wg \
+  -v /etc/nx9-wg:/etc/nx9-wg \
+  -e NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD="MyInitialSecurePassword123!" \
+  nx9/nx9-wg:latest
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2. Docker Compose Example (`docker-compose.yml`)
+
+```yaml
+version: "3.8"
+
+services:
+  nx9-wg:
+    image: nx9/nx9-wg:latest
+    container_name: nx9-wg
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    cap_add:
+      - NET_ADMIN
+      - NET_BIND_SERVICE
+    ports:
+      - "8080:8080"
+      - "51820:51820/udp"
+    volumes:
+      - ./data:/var/lib/nx9-wg
+      - ./config:/etc/nx9-wg
+      - ./backups:/var/lib/nx9-wg/backups
+    environment:
+      - NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL=info
+      - NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE=/run/secrets/admin_password
+    secrets:
+      - admin_password
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "/usr/local/bin/nx9-wg", "system", "health"]
+      interval: 30s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 3
+
+secrets:
+  admin_password:
+    file: ./secrets/admin_password.txt
+```
+
+---
+
+## Required Linux Capabilities
+
+- `CAP_NET_ADMIN`: Required to configure WireGuard interfaces, manage IP addresses, routing tables, and manipulate `inet nx9_wg` nftables rules.
+- `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`: Allows binding to privileged network ports if needed.
+- Host Kernel: The host operating system must have the `wireguard` kernel module loaded (`modprobe wireguard`).
diff --git a/docs/installation.md b/docs/installation.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d53c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/installation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Installation and Deployment Guide
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Linux kernel 5.6+ (with native in-tree WireGuard module)
+- `nftables` packet filtering engine
+- Linux capabilities: `CAP_NET_ADMIN` and `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`
+
+---
+
+## 1. Native Binary Installation
+
+### Building from Source
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/nx9/nx9-wg.git
+cd nx9-wg
+cargo build --release --bin nx9-wg
+
+# Install binary
+sudo install -m 0755 target/release/nx9-wg /usr/local/bin/nx9-wg
+```
+
+### Initializing Directories and Configuration
+```bash
+sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/nx9-wg /etc/nx9-wg /var/lib/nx9-wg/backups
+sudo cp config.example.toml /etc/nx9-wg/config.toml
+```
+
+### Bootstrapping the Administrator Account
+```bash
+sudo nx9-wg --config /etc/nx9-wg/config.toml --data-dir /var/lib/nx9-wg init --generate-password
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2. Systemd Service Deployment
+
+```bash
+# Copy systemd unit file
+sudo cp nx9-wg.service /etc/systemd/system/nx9-wg.service
+
+# Reload systemd and enable service
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+sudo systemctl enable --now nx9-wg
+
+# Check service status and logs
+sudo systemctl status nx9-wg
+sudo journalctl -u nx9-wg -f
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Upgrading nx9-wg
+
+1. Stop the active service:
+   ```bash
+   sudo systemctl stop nx9-wg
+   ```
+2. Create a safety backup:
+   ```bash
+   sudo nx9-wg --config /etc/nx9-wg/config.toml --data-dir /var/lib/nx9-wg backup create --description "Pre-upgrade backup"
+   ```
+3. Install new binary:
+   ```bash
+   sudo install -m 0755 target/release/nx9-wg /usr/local/bin/nx9-wg
+   ```
+4. Restart service (database schema migrations run automatically at startup):
+   ```bash
+   sudo systemctl start nx9-wg
+   ```
diff --git a/docs/linux_requirements.md b/docs/linux_requirements.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..865bc33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/linux_requirements.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Linux Platform and Kernel Requirements
+
+`nx9-wg` is built for modern Linux systems and relies directly on kernel networking features.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Kernel Requirements
+
+- **Linux Kernel Version**: 5.6 or newer (WireGuard module is included in mainline kernel 5.6+).
+- **Kernel Module**: `wireguard.ko` (`modprobe wireguard`).
+- **Sysctl IP Forwarding**:
+  - `/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward` (must be `1` for VPN client internet routing).
+  - `/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding` (optional, for IPv6 dual-stack).
+
+---
+
+## 2. Firewall and Packet Filtering
+
+- **`nftables`**: `nx9-wg` requires `nftables` in the kernel.
+- **Isolated Table**: All rules are scoped inside `table inet nx9_wg`. `nx9-wg` does not alter or flush tables created by Docker, Kubernetes, or other firewall utilities.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Capability Requirements
+
+When running without full root privileges, the process requires:
+- `CAP_NET_ADMIN`: For configuring network links, routes, and packet filter tables.
+- `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`: If binding to low UDP ports (< 1024).
+
+---
+
+## 4. Unsupported Environments
+
+- macOS and Windows do not support the Linux in-tree WireGuard kernel module. For local testing on non-Linux platforms, `nx9-wg` automatically engages the built-in `SimulatedWireGuardEngine` and `SimulatedNetworkEngine`.
diff --git a/docs/security.md b/docs/security.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebe279d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/security.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Security Model and Best Practices
+
+`nx9-wg` implements a strict, self-hosted, fail-closed security architecture.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Single Administrator Identity
+
+- **Fixed Database Identity**: The administrative record in SQLite is locked with `CHECK (id = 1)`.
+- **No RBAC or Multi-Tenancy**: Eliminates attack surface from privilege escalation, permission bypasses, or broken object-level authorization.
+- **Argon2id Password Hashing**: State-of-the-art memory-hard password derivation (`argon2id`). Plaintext passwords are never stored in memory longer than verification duration and never written to disk or logs.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Token and Session Security
+
+- **Hashed API Tokens**: API tokens use the `nx9_<base64>` format. Only the SHA-256 cryptographic digest of the token is persisted in SQLite. Compromise of the database does not reveal plaintext API tokens.
+- **Global Session Invalidation**: When the administrator changes their password, all active sessions across all devices are immediately invalidated in SQLite.
+- **HttpOnly Cookies**: Session tokens sent to browsers use `HttpOnly`, `SameSite=Strict`, and `Secure` (when TLS is active).
+
+---
+
+## 3. Brute-Force Rate Limiting
+
+- `nx9-wg` maintains an append-only tracking log of login attempts in SQLite.
+- If more than 5 failed authentication attempts originate from the same IP address within a 15-minute sliding window, subsequent login requests are rejected with `HTTP 429 Too Many Requests`.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Secret Handling and Memory Safety
+
+- **Redacted Debug Outputs**: Types holding sensitive material (`WireGuardPrivateKey`, `WireGuardPresharedKey`, `Admin`, `ApiToken`) implement custom `std::fmt::Debug` formatters outputting `[REDACTED]`.
+- **No Plaintext Logging**: Secrets are strictly excluded from structured `tracing` event spans.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Audit Logging
+
+Every state-changing operation records an append-only audit event:
+- Authentication (`Login`, `Logout`, `LoginFailed`)
+- Credential Lifecycle (`PasswordChange`, `TotpChange`, `ApiTokenCreate`, `ApiTokenRevoke`)
+- Network & WireGuard (`InterfaceCreate`, `PeerCreate`, `PeerRotateKeys`, `RouteCreate`, `FirewallCreate`)
+- System Operations (`BackupCreate`, `BackupRestore`, `ReconciliationRun`)
diff --git a/nx9-wg.service b/nx9-wg.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..780e115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nx9-wg.service
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=NX9 WireGuard Appliance Management Engine
+Documentation=https://github.com/nx9/nx9-wg
+After=network.target network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+User=root
+Group=root
+
+# Environment configuration file
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/nx9-wg/nx9-wg.env
+
+# Executable location and invocation
+ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/nx9-wg --config /etc/nx9-wg/config.toml --data-dir /var/lib/nx9-wg serve
+
+# Process management and restart policy
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=5s
+KillMode=process
+TimeoutStopSec=15s
+
+# Security Hardening & Linux Capability Bounds
+CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+
+# Filesystem Isolation
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=true
+PrivateTmp=true
+ProtectKernelTunables=false
+ProtectControlGroups=true
+ReadWritePaths=/var/lib/nx9-wg /etc/nx9-wg /var/log
+
+# Resource Limits
+LimitNOFILE=65536
+LimitNPROC=4096
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh b/scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6fc0d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# ============================================================================
+# nx9-wg — Comprehensive CLI Verification Script
+# ============================================================================
+#
+# PURPOSE
+# -------
+# Comprehensive operator-facing verification of the nx9-wg CLI.
+#
+# This script checks:
+#
+#   01. Binary/version
+#   02. Top-level CLI commands
+#   03. Subcommand help
+#   04. Administrator initialization
+#   05. System
+#   06. Administrator/authentication
+#   07. Client profiles / MTU
+#   08. Networks
+#   09. WireGuard interfaces
+#   10. Peers
+#   11. Routes
+#   12. Firewall
+#   13. NAT
+#   14. Forwarding
+#   15. Reconciliation
+#   16. Backup
+#   17. Audit
+#   18. Live kernel state
+#   19. Diagnostics
+#   20. Output format matrix
+#   21. Global CLI options
+#   22. NX9_WG_* environment namespace
+#   23. Explicit database paths
+#   24. Data-directory resolution
+#   25. Source-level architectural safety
+#   26. Final summary
+#
+# SAFETY
+# ------
+# Default mode is SAFE.
+#
+# It uses:
+#
+#     /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test-XXXXXX
+#
+# and never modifies the host WireGuard/network configuration.
+#
+# LIVE=1 enables read-only live Linux inspection commands.
+#
+# Example:
+#
+#     ./scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+#     LIVE=1 ./scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+#     BIN=./target/release/nx9-wg ./scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+# IMPORTANT
+# ---------
+# Do NOT run this with:
+#
+#     source scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+# or:
+#
+#     . scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+# Run it as a program:
+#
+#     bash scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+# or:
+#
+#     ./scripts/test-cli-comprehensive.sh
+#
+# ============================================================================
+
+set -uo pipefail
+
+###############################################################################
+# Configuration
+###############################################################################
+
+ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+
+LIVE="${LIVE:-0}"
+TIMEOUT="${TIMEOUT:-20}"
+
+BIN="${BIN:-}"
+
+if [[ -z "$BIN" ]]; then
+    if [[ -x "$ROOT/target/debug/nx9-wg" ]]; then
+        BIN="$ROOT/target/debug/nx9-wg"
+    elif [[ -x "$ROOT/target/release/nx9-wg" ]]; then
+        BIN="$ROOT/target/release/nx9-wg"
+    else
+        echo
+        echo "ERROR: nx9-wg binary not found."
+        echo
+        echo "Build with:"
+        echo "  cargo build"
+        echo
+        echo "or:"
+        echo "  cargo build --release"
+        echo
+        echo "Then run this script again."
+        echo
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -x "$BIN" ]]; then
+    echo
+    echo "ERROR: binary is not executable:"
+    echo "  $BIN"
+    echo
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# Temporary isolated test environment
+###############################################################################
+
+TEST_ROOT="$(mktemp -d /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.XXXXXX)"
+DATA_DIR="$TEST_ROOT/data"
+DB="$DATA_DIR/nx9-wg.db"
+PASSWORD_FILE="$TEST_ROOT/admin-password"
+
+mkdir -p "$DATA_DIR"
+
+###############################################################################
+# Counters
+###############################################################################
+
+PASS=0
+FAIL=0
+SKIP=0
+TOTAL=0
+
+###############################################################################
+# State
+###############################################################################
+
+KEEP_TEST_DATA=0
+
+###############################################################################
+# Formatting
+###############################################################################
+
+BOLD=""
+DIM=""
+GREEN=""
+RED=""
+YELLOW=""
+CYAN=""
+RESET=""
+
+if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
+    BOLD=$'\033[1m'
+    DIM=$'\033[2m'
+    GREEN=$'\033[32m'
+    RED=$'\033[31m'
+    YELLOW=$'\033[33m'
+    CYAN=$'\033[36m'
+    RESET=$'\033[0m'
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# Cleanup
+###############################################################################
+
+cleanup() {
+    local rc=$?
+
+    echo
+    echo "============================================================================"
+    echo "  nx9-wg CLI verification finished"
+    echo "============================================================================"
+    echo
+
+    if [[ "$FAIL" -eq 0 && "$rc" -eq 0 ]]; then
+        echo "${GREEN}RESULT: PASS${RESET}"
+        echo
+        echo "  PASS : $PASS"
+        echo "  FAIL : $FAIL"
+        echo "  SKIP : $SKIP"
+        echo "  TOTAL: $TOTAL"
+        echo
+
+        echo "Temporary test data:"
+        echo "  $TEST_ROOT"
+        echo
+
+        echo "Removing temporary test data..."
+        rm -rf "$TEST_ROOT"
+    else
+        echo "${RED}RESULT: FAIL${RESET}"
+        echo
+        echo "  PASS : $PASS"
+        echo "  FAIL : $FAIL"
+        echo "  SKIP : $SKIP"
+        echo "  TOTAL: $TOTAL"
+        echo
+
+        KEEP_TEST_DATA=1
+
+        echo "${YELLOW}Temporary test data PRESERVED for investigation:${RESET}"
+        echo "  $TEST_ROOT"
+        echo
+        echo "Database:"
+        echo "  $DB"
+        echo
+        echo "Password file:"
+        echo "  $PASSWORD_FILE"
+        echo
+
+        echo "To inspect:"
+        echo "  ls -la \"$TEST_ROOT\""
+        echo "  ls -la \"$DATA_DIR\""
+        echo
+    fi
+
+    echo
+    return "$rc"
+}
+
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+###############################################################################
+# Reporting functions
+###############################################################################
+
+section() {
+    echo
+    echo "============================================================================"
+    echo "  $1"
+    echo "============================================================================"
+}
+
+info() {
+    echo "  ${CYAN}[INFO]${RESET} $1"
+}
+
+pass() {
+    PASS=$((PASS + 1))
+    TOTAL=$((TOTAL + 1))
+    echo "  ${GREEN}[PASS]${RESET} $1"
+}
+
+fail() {
+    FAIL=$((FAIL + 1))
+    TOTAL=$((TOTAL + 1))
+    echo "  ${RED}[FAIL]${RESET} $1"
+}
+
+skip() {
+    SKIP=$((SKIP + 1))
+    TOTAL=$((TOTAL + 1))
+    echo "  ${YELLOW}[SKIP]${RESET} $1"
+}
+
+###############################################################################
+# Generic command execution
+###############################################################################
+
+run_test() {
+    local description="$1"
+    shift
+
+    echo
+    echo "  ${BOLD}>>> $description${RESET}"
+    echo "      $BIN $*"
+
+    timeout "$TIMEOUT" "$BIN" "$@" >/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.out 2>/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.err
+    local rc=$?
+
+    if [[ "$rc" -eq 0 ]]; then
+        pass "$description"
+        cat /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.out
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    fail "$description (exit=$rc)"
+
+    if [[ -s /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.out ]]; then
+        echo "      --- stdout ---"
+        sed 's/^/      /' /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.out
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -s /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.err ]]; then
+        echo "      --- stderr ---"
+        sed 's/^/      /' /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-command.err
+    fi
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+run_quiet() {
+    local description="$1"
+    shift
+
+    timeout "$TIMEOUT" "$BIN" "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    local rc=$?
+
+    if [[ "$rc" -eq 0 ]]; then
+        pass "$description"
+    else
+        fail "$description (exit=$rc)"
+    fi
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+###############################################################################
+# Safe assertion helpers
+###############################################################################
+
+assert_file() {
+    local description="$1"
+    local file="$2"
+
+    if [[ -f "$file" ]]; then
+        pass "$description"
+    else
+        fail "$description"
+    fi
+}
+
+assert_nonempty_file() {
+    local description="$1"
+    local file="$2"
+
+    if [[ -s "$file" ]]; then
+        pass "$description"
+    else
+        fail "$description"
+    fi
+}
+
+###############################################################################
+# CLI context
+#
+# Every runtime database operation in this script is isolated.
+###############################################################################
+
+CLI=(
+    --data-dir "$DATA_DIR"
+    --database "$DB"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Wrapper
+###############################################################################
+
+nx() {
+    "$BIN" "${CLI[@]}" "$@"
+}
+
+###############################################################################
+# 01 — Binary
+###############################################################################
+
+section "01 — Binary and Version"
+
+run_test \
+    "Version" \
+    version
+
+run_test \
+    "Version JSON" \
+    --format json \
+    version
+
+###############################################################################
+# 02 — Top-level help
+###############################################################################
+
+section "02 — Top-Level CLI Surface"
+
+run_test \
+    "Top-level --help" \
+    --help
+
+###############################################################################
+# 03 — Top-level command discovery
+###############################################################################
+
+section "03 — Top-Level Command Help Audit"
+
+TOP_LEVEL_COMMANDS=(
+    serve
+    init
+    system
+    admin
+    interface
+    peer
+    network
+    route
+    firewall
+    nat
+    forwarding
+    reconcile
+    backup
+    audit
+    live
+    diagnostics
+    profile
+    version
+)
+
+for cmd in "${TOP_LEVEL_COMMANDS[@]}"; do
+    run_quiet \
+        "$cmd --help" \
+        "$cmd" \
+        --help
+done
+
+###############################################################################
+# 04 — Subcommand help
+###############################################################################
+
+section "04 — Feature/Subcommand Help Audit"
+
+declare -A SUBCOMMANDS
+
+SUBCOMMANDS[system]="info health settings"
+SUBCOMMANDS[admin]="status create password sessions tokens"
+SUBCOMMANDS[interface]="list show create update enable disable delete status reconcile"
+SUBCOMMANDS[peer]="list show create update enable disable revoke delete status config qr expire lifecycle"
+SUBCOMMANDS[network]="list show create update delete available allocations"
+SUBCOMMANDS[route]="list show add update delete status sync"
+SUBCOMMANDS[firewall]="list show add update delete enable disable status sync"
+SUBCOMMANDS[nat]="status enable disable list sync"
+SUBCOMMANDS[forwarding]="status enable disable sync"
+SUBCOMMANDS[reconcile]="status plan apply verify"
+SUBCOMMANDS[backup]="create list show verify restore delete"
+SUBCOMMANDS[audit]="list show"
+SUBCOMMANDS[live]="interface peer routes firewall forwarding nat"
+SUBCOMMANDS[profile]="list show validate resolve"
+
+for cmd in "${!SUBCOMMANDS[@]}"; do
+
+    read -ra subs <<< "${SUBCOMMANDS[$cmd]}"
+
+    for sub in "${subs[@]}"; do
+        run_quiet \
+            "$cmd $sub --help" \
+            "$cmd" \
+            "$sub" \
+            --help
+    done
+done
+
+###############################################################################
+# 05 — Administrator bootstrap
+###############################################################################
+
+section "05 — Administrator Bootstrap"
+
+rm -rf "$DATA_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$DATA_DIR"
+
+run_test \
+    "Initialize administrator with generated password" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    init \
+    --generate-password \
+    --write-password-file "$PASSWORD_FILE"
+
+assert_nonempty_file \
+    "Generated administrator password file exists" \
+    "$PASSWORD_FILE"
+
+###############################################################################
+# 06 — System
+###############################################################################
+
+section "06 — System"
+
+run_test \
+    "System info" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    system \
+    info
+
+run_test \
+    "System health" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    system \
+    health
+
+run_test \
+    "System info JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    system \
+    info
+
+run_test \
+    "System health JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    system \
+    health
+
+run_test \
+    "System info YAML" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format yaml \
+    system \
+    info
+
+run_test \
+    "System health CSV" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format csv \
+    system \
+    health
+
+###############################################################################
+# 07 — Administrator
+###############################################################################
+
+section "07 — Administrator / Authentication"
+
+run_test \
+    "Admin status" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    admin \
+    status
+
+run_test \
+    "Admin status JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    admin \
+    status
+
+###############################################################################
+# 08 — Client profiles / MTU
+###############################################################################
+
+section "08 — Client Environment / MTU Profiles"
+
+run_test \
+    "Profile list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Profile list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Default mobile profile" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    show \
+    default-mobile
+
+run_test \
+    "Default CGNAT profile" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    show \
+    default-cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Default Wi-Fi profile" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    show \
+    default-wifi
+
+run_test \
+    "Default Web profile" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    show \
+    default-web
+
+run_test \
+    "Default Wired profile" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    show \
+    default-wired
+
+run_test \
+    "Validate MTU 1280" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    validate \
+    1280
+
+run_test \
+    "Validate MTU 1360" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    validate \
+    1360
+
+run_test \
+    "Validate MTU 1420" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    validate \
+    1420
+
+run_test \
+    "Validate MTU 1500" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    profile \
+    validate \
+    1500
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve Android Mobile CGNAT" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --connection mobile \
+    --device android \
+    --nat cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve iOS Mobile CGNAT" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --connection mobile \
+    --device ios \
+    --nat cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve Linux Wi-Fi Direct" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --connection wifi \
+    --device linux \
+    --nat direct
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve Windows Wired" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --connection wired \
+    --device windows \
+    --nat direct
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve Jio Mobile CGNAT" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --provider jio \
+    --connection mobile \
+    --nat cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve T-Mobile Mobile CGNAT" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --provider tmobile \
+    --connection mobile \
+    --nat cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve Verizon Mobile CGNAT" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --provider verizon \
+    --connection mobile \
+    --nat cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve Starlink CGNAT" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --provider starlink \
+    --connection other \
+    --nat cgnat
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve manual MTU override" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --connection mobile \
+    --device android \
+    --nat cgnat \
+    --mtu 1300
+
+run_test \
+    "Resolve explicit profile" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    profile \
+    resolve \
+    --profile android-mobile
+
+###############################################################################
+# 09 — Network
+###############################################################################
+
+section "09 — Network Management"
+
+run_test \
+    "Network list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    network \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Network list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    network \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 10 — Interface
+###############################################################################
+
+section "10 — WireGuard Interface Management"
+
+run_test \
+    "Interface list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    interface \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Interface list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    interface \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 11 — Peer
+###############################################################################
+
+section "11 — Peer Management"
+
+run_test \
+    "Peer list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    peer \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Peer list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    peer \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 12 — Route
+###############################################################################
+
+section "12 — Routing"
+
+run_test \
+    "Route list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    route \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Route list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    route \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 13 — Firewall
+###############################################################################
+
+section "13 — Firewall"
+
+run_test \
+    "Firewall list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    firewall \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Firewall list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    firewall \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 14 — NAT
+###############################################################################
+
+section "14 — NAT"
+
+run_test \
+    "NAT status" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    nat \
+    status
+
+run_test \
+    "NAT list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    nat \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "NAT status JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    nat \
+    status
+
+###############################################################################
+# 15 — Forwarding
+###############################################################################
+
+section "15 — IP Forwarding"
+
+run_test \
+    "Forwarding status" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    forwarding \
+    status
+
+run_test \
+    "Forwarding status JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    forwarding \
+    status
+
+###############################################################################
+# 16 — Reconciliation
+###############################################################################
+
+section "16 — Reconciliation"
+
+run_test \
+    "Reconciliation status" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    reconcile \
+    status
+
+run_test \
+    "Reconciliation plan" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    reconcile \
+    plan
+
+run_test \
+    "Reconciliation verify" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    reconcile \
+    verify
+
+run_test \
+    "Reconciliation status JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    reconcile \
+    status
+
+###############################################################################
+# 17 — Backup
+###############################################################################
+
+section "17 — Backup"
+
+run_test \
+    "Backup list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    backup \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Backup list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    backup \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 18 — Audit
+###############################################################################
+
+section "18 — Audit"
+
+run_test \
+    "Audit list" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    audit \
+    list
+
+run_test \
+    "Audit list JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    audit \
+    list
+
+###############################################################################
+# 19 — Live state
+###############################################################################
+
+section "19 — Live Linux State"
+
+if [[ "$LIVE" == "1" ]]; then
+
+    info "LIVE=1 enabled."
+
+    run_test \
+        "Live interface list" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        live \
+        interface \
+        list
+
+    run_test \
+        "Live peer list" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        live \
+        peer \
+        list
+
+    run_test \
+        "Live routes" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        live \
+        routes
+
+    run_test \
+        "Live firewall" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        live \
+        firewall
+
+    run_test \
+        "Live forwarding" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        live \
+        forwarding
+
+    run_test \
+        "Live NAT" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        live \
+        nat
+
+else
+
+    skip "Live interface list — use LIVE=1"
+    skip "Live peer list — use LIVE=1"
+    skip "Live routes — use LIVE=1"
+    skip "Live firewall — use LIVE=1"
+    skip "Live forwarding — use LIVE=1"
+    skip "Live NAT — use LIVE=1"
+
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# 20 — Diagnostics
+###############################################################################
+
+section "20 — Native Diagnostics"
+
+run_test \
+    "Diagnostics all" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    diagnostics \
+    all
+
+run_test \
+    "Diagnostics all JSON" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --format json \
+    diagnostics \
+    all
+
+DIAGNOSTIC_SUBSYSTEMS=(
+    system
+    network
+    wan
+    wireguard
+    routing
+    forwarding
+    firewall
+    nat
+    mtu
+    reconciliation
+)
+
+for subsystem in "${DIAGNOSTIC_SUBSYSTEMS[@]}"; do
+    run_test \
+        "Diagnostics: $subsystem" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        diagnostics \
+        "$subsystem"
+done
+
+if [[ "$LIVE" == "1" ]]; then
+    run_test \
+        "Diagnostics: peer" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        diagnostics \
+        peer
+else
+    skip "Diagnostics: peer — requires LIVE=1 and peer context"
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# 21 — Output format matrix
+###############################################################################
+
+section "21 — Output Format Matrix"
+
+FORMATS=(
+    table
+    json
+    yaml
+    csv
+)
+
+for format in "${FORMATS[@]}"; do
+
+    run_test \
+        "Network list — $format" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        --format "$format" \
+        network \
+        list
+
+    run_test \
+        "Profile list — $format" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        --format "$format" \
+        profile \
+        list
+
+    run_test \
+        "System info — $format" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        --format "$format" \
+        system \
+        info
+
+    run_test \
+        "System health — $format" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        --format "$format" \
+        system \
+        health
+
+    run_test \
+        "Audit list — $format" \
+        "${CLI[@]}" \
+        --format "$format" \
+        audit \
+        list
+
+done
+
+###############################################################################
+# 22 — Global options
+###############################################################################
+
+section "22 — Global CLI Options"
+
+run_test \
+    "Quiet mode" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --quiet \
+    system \
+    health
+
+run_test \
+    "JSON shortcut" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --json \
+    system \
+    health
+
+run_test \
+    "Verbose mode" \
+    "${CLI[@]}" \
+    --verbose \
+    system \
+    health
+
+###############################################################################
+# 23 — Environment namespace
+###############################################################################
+
+section "23 — NX9_WG_* Environment Namespace"
+
+NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL=debug \
+    "$BIN" \
+    --data-dir "$DATA_DIR" \
+    --database "$DB" \
+    system \
+    health \
+    >/dev/null \
+    2>/dev/null
+
+if [[ "$?" -eq 0 ]]; then
+    pass "NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL accepted"
+else
+    fail "NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL accepted"
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# 24 — Explicit database path
+###############################################################################
+
+section "24 — Explicit Database Path Resolution"
+
+EXPLICIT_DB="$TEST_ROOT/explicit/nested/nx9-wg.db"
+
+rm -rf "$TEST_ROOT/explicit"
+
+run_test \
+    "Explicit nested database path" \
+    --database "$EXPLICIT_DB" \
+    system \
+    health
+
+assert_file \
+    "Explicit database file created" \
+    "$EXPLICIT_DB"
+
+###############################################################################
+# 25 — Data directory resolution
+###############################################################################
+
+section "25 — Data Directory Resolution"
+
+DATA_ONLY="$TEST_ROOT/data-only"
+
+rm -rf "$DATA_ONLY"
+mkdir -p "$DATA_ONLY"
+
+run_test \
+    "Database created from data-dir" \
+    --data-dir "$DATA_ONLY" \
+    system \
+    health
+
+FOUND_DB="$(
+    find "$DATA_ONLY" \
+        -type f \
+        \( \
+            -name '*.db' \
+            -o -name '*.sqlite' \
+            -o -name '*.sqlite3' \
+        \) \
+        -print \
+        -quit \
+        2>/dev/null
+)"
+
+if [[ -n "$FOUND_DB" ]]; then
+    pass "Database exists below data-dir: $FOUND_DB"
+else
+    fail "No database found below data-dir"
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# 26 — Source architecture safety
+###############################################################################
+
+section "26 — Source-Level Architecture Safety"
+
+PROCESS_SCAN="$TEST_ROOT/forbidden-process.txt"
+MARKER_SCAN="$TEST_ROOT/forbidden-markers.txt"
+SQL_SCAN="$TEST_ROOT/sql-outside-db.txt"
+ENV_SCAN="$TEST_ROOT/env-scan.txt"
+
+if grep -RInE \
+    'Command::new|tokio::process|std::process::Command' \
+    "$ROOT/src" \
+    "$ROOT/crates" \
+    --include='*.rs' \
+    >"$PROCESS_SCAN" \
+    2>/dev/null
+then
+    echo
+    echo "Forbidden subprocess references:"
+    sed 's/^/  /' "$PROCESS_SCAN"
+    fail "No external subprocess invocation in production Rust"
+else
+    pass "No external subprocess invocation in production Rust"
+fi
+
+if grep -RInE \
+    'TODO|FIXME|XXX|HACK|unimplemented!\(\)|todo!\(\)' \
+    "$ROOT/src" \
+    "$ROOT/crates" \
+    --include='*.rs' \
+    >"$MARKER_SCAN" \
+    2>/dev/null
+then
+    echo
+    echo "Forbidden markers:"
+    sed 's/^/  /' "$MARKER_SCAN"
+    fail "No forbidden technical-debt markers"
+else
+    pass "No forbidden technical-debt markers"
+fi
+
+if grep -RIn \
+    'sqlx::query' \
+    "$ROOT/src" \
+    --include='*.rs' \
+    >"$SQL_SCAN" \
+    2>/dev/null
+then
+    echo
+    echo "SQL found outside nx9-wg-db:"
+    sed 's/^/  /' "$SQL_SCAN"
+    fail "SQL isolation"
+else
+    pass "SQL isolated from application root"
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# Environment variable source scan
+###############################################################################
+
+section "27 — Environment Variable Namespace Source Audit"
+
+if grep -RInE \
+    'env\s*\(\s*"(NX9_|WG_|RUST_LOG)' \
+    "$ROOT/src" \
+    "$ROOT/crates" \
+    "$ROOT/Cargo.toml" \
+    --include='*.rs' \
+    --include='*.toml' \
+    >"$ENV_SCAN" \
+    2>/dev/null
+then
+
+    echo
+    echo "Potential non-canonical environment references:"
+    sed 's/^/  /' "$ENV_SCAN"
+
+    if grep -E \
+        'env\s*\(\s*"(NX9_[^W]|WG_|RUST_LOG)' \
+        "$ENV_SCAN" \
+        >/dev/null 2>&1
+    then
+        fail "Strict NX9_WG_* environment namespace"
+    else
+        pass "Environment namespace appears canonical"
+    fi
+
+else
+    pass "No suspicious environment namespace references"
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# Final summary
+###############################################################################
+
+section "28 — FINAL VERIFICATION SUMMARY"
+
+echo
+echo "  Binary:"
+echo "    $BIN"
+echo
+echo "  Project:"
+echo "    $ROOT"
+echo
+echo "  Temporary test root:"
+echo "    $TEST_ROOT"
+echo
+echo "  Test database:"
+echo "    $DB"
+echo
+echo "  LIVE mode:"
+echo "    $LIVE"
+echo
+echo "  ------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+echo "  PASS : $PASS"
+echo "  FAIL : $FAIL"
+echo "  SKIP : $SKIP"
+echo "  TOTAL: $TOTAL"
+echo "  ------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+echo
+
+if [[ "$FAIL" -eq 0 ]]; then
+    echo "${GREEN}${BOLD}RESULT: PASS${RESET}"
+    echo
+    echo "All executed nx9-wg CLI verification checks passed."
+    echo
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+echo "${RED}${BOLD}RESULT: FAIL${RESET}"
+echo
+echo "One or more verification checks failed."
+echo
+echo "The temporary environment will be preserved for investigation."
+echo
+exit 1
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63578a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2883 @@
+//! NX9 WireGuard - Native Rust WireGuard Management Application CLI and Daemon
+
+use clap::{Args, Parser, Subcommand, ValueEnum};
+use nx9_wg_api::auth::{AuthService, BootstrapOptions, bootstrap_admin};
+use nx9_wg_api::backup::BackupService;
+use nx9_wg_api::error::ApiError;
+use nx9_wg_api::reconciliation::ReconciliationEngine;
+use nx9_wg_api::routes::build_api_router;
+use nx9_wg_api::state::AppState;
+use nx9_wg_api::{DiagnosticsService, IpAllocator};
+use nx9_wg_core::config::AppConfig;
+use nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_secure_password;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::audit::AuditEventType;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::diagnostics::DiagnosticSubsystem;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::firewall::{
+    FirewallAction, FirewallDirection, FirewallProtocol, FirewallRule,
+};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::network::{Network, Route};
+use nx9_wg_core::types::settings::Setting;
+use nx9_wg_core::types::wireguard::{Interface, Peer, PeerProfile, PeerState, PeerType};
+use nx9_wg_core::validation::{
+    validate_cidr, validate_interface_name, validate_listen_port, validate_peer_name,
+    validate_port_spec,
+};
+use nx9_wg_db::Store;
+use nx9_wg_network::{
+    IpForwardingStatus, NativeLinuxNetworkEngine, NetworkEngine, SimulatedNetworkEngine,
+};
+use nx9_wireguard::{
+    ClientConfigBuilder, NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine, SimulatedWireGuardEngine, WireGuardEngine,
+    generate_qr_ascii, generate_qr_png_bytes, generate_qr_svg,
+};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::io::{self, Read};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(
+    name = "nx9-wg",
+    author = "NX9 Systems",
+    version,
+    about = "Native Rust WireGuard Appliance and Management Platform",
+    long_about = "A high-performance, native Rust WireGuard management system with zero external runtime dependencies."
+)]
+struct Cli {
+    #[arg(
+        short,
+        long,
+        global = true,
+        env = "NX9_WG_CONFIG",
+        help = "Path to configuration file"
+    )]
+    config: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+    #[arg(
+        short,
+        long,
+        global = true,
+        env = "NX9_WG_DATA_DIR",
+        help = "Path to database data directory"
+    )]
+    data_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        global = true,
+        env = "NX9_WG_DATABASE",
+        help = "Specific SQLite database file path or URL"
+    )]
+    database: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        global = true,
+        value_enum,
+        default_value_t = OutputFormat::Table,
+        help = "Output format"
+    )]
+    format: OutputFormat,
+
+    #[arg(long, global = true, help = "Output strictly in JSON format")]
+    json: bool,
+
+    #[arg(short, long, global = true, help = "Suppress status output")]
+    quiet: bool,
+
+    #[arg(short, long, global = true, help = "Enable verbose output")]
+    verbose: bool,
+
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        global = true,
+        env = "NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL",
+        help = "Log verbosity level (trace, debug, info, warn, error)"
+    )]
+    log_level: Option<String>,
+
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Option<Commands>,
+}
+
+#[derive(ValueEnum, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+enum OutputFormat {
+    #[default]
+    Table,
+    Json,
+    Yaml,
+    Csv,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum Commands {
+    #[command(about = "Start the nx9-wg REST API and WebSocket daemon")]
+    Serve(ServeArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Initialize the administrator account")]
+    Init(InitArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "System status, health, and settings")]
+    System(SystemArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Administrator, session, and token management")]
+    Admin(AdminArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "WireGuard interface management")]
+    Interface(InterfaceArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "WireGuard peer enrollment and operations")]
+    Peer(PeerArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Subnet network management")]
+    Network(NetworkArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Kernel routing table management")]
+    Route(RouteArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "nftables firewall management")]
+    Firewall(FirewallArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "NAT masquerade management")]
+    Nat(NatArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Kernel IP packet forwarding management")]
+    Forwarding(ForwardingArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Reconciliation between SQLite desired state and live kernel state")]
+    Reconcile(ReconcileArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Database backup and restore operations")]
+    Backup(BackupArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Security and operational audit trail")]
+    Audit(AuditArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Query live Linux kernel state")]
+    Live(LiveArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Native Linux and WireGuard diagnostics inspection")]
+    Diagnostics(DiagnosticsArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Client environment and MTU profile management")]
+    Profile(ProfileArgs),
+
+    #[command(about = "Display version and build information")]
+    Version,
+}
+
+// ── Command Arguments Definitions ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct DiagnosticsArgs {
+    #[arg(
+        default_value = "all",
+        help = "Subsystem to inspect (system, network, wan, wireguard, peer, routing, forwarding, firewall, nat, mtu, reconciliation, all)"
+    )]
+    subsystem: String,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Optional peer UUID for single peer diagnostics")]
+    peer: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct ServeArgs {
+    #[arg(
+        short,
+        long,
+        env = "NX9_WG_LISTEN_ADDR",
+        help = "Bind address for HTTP/WebSocket server"
+    )]
+    bind: Option<SocketAddr>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct InitArgs {
+    #[arg(
+        short,
+        long,
+        env = "NX9_WG_ADMIN_USERNAME",
+        help = "Administrator username [default: admin]"
+    )]
+    username: Option<String>,
+
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        env = "NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD",
+        help = "Administrator password via argument"
+    )]
+    password: Option<String>,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Read administrator password from standard input")]
+    password_stdin: bool,
+
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        env = "NX9_WG_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE",
+        help = "Read administrator password from file"
+    )]
+    password_file: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Generate a cryptographically secure random password")]
+    generate_password: bool,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Write generated password to specified file")]
+    write_password_file: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct SystemArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: SystemSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum SystemSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Display overall system status and counts")]
+    Status,
+    #[command(about = "Perform system and database health check")]
+    Health,
+    #[command(about = "Display system platform and runtime environment info")]
+    Info,
+    #[command(about = "Manage system settings key-value store")]
+    Settings(SettingsArgs),
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct SettingsArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: SettingsSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum SettingsSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List all configuration settings")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Get value of a setting")]
+    Get { key: String },
+    #[command(about = "Set or update a configuration setting")]
+    Set {
+        key: String,
+        value: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Flag setting as secret")]
+        secret: bool,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete a configuration setting")]
+    Delete { key: String },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct AdminArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: AdminSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum AdminSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Display administrator metadata and status")]
+    Status,
+    #[command(about = "Create/bootstrap administrator if not initialized")]
+    Create(InitArgs),
+    #[command(about = "Reset or update administrator password")]
+    Password(AdminPasswordArgs),
+    #[command(about = "Manage active sessions")]
+    Sessions(SessionArgs),
+    #[command(about = "Manage API tokens")]
+    Tokens(AdminTokenArgs),
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct AdminPasswordArgs {
+    #[arg(long, help = "New administrator password via argument")]
+    new_password: Option<String>,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Read new password from standard input")]
+    stdin: bool,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Read new password from file")]
+    password_file: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+    #[arg(long, help = "Generate a secure random password")]
+    generate: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct SessionArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: SessionSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum SessionSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List active sessions")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Revoke an active session")]
+    Revoke { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Invalidate all active sessions")]
+    RevokeAll,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct AdminTokenArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: TokenSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum TokenSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Create a new API token")]
+    Create {
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Descriptive name for the API token")]
+        name: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Validity in days (omit for never expiring)")]
+        days: Option<i64>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "List all API tokens")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Revoke an API token")]
+    Revoke {
+        #[arg(help = "API Token ID to revoke")]
+        id: String,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct InterfaceArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: InterfaceSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum InterfaceSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List all WireGuard interfaces")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Show interface details")]
+    Show { interface: String },
+    #[command(about = "Create a new WireGuard interface")]
+    Create {
+        name: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = 51820, help = "UDP listen port")]
+        port: u16,
+        #[arg(
+            short = '4',
+            long,
+            help = "IPv4 network CIDR address (e.g. 10.0.0.1/24)"
+        )]
+        address_v4: String,
+        #[arg(short = '6', long, help = "IPv6 network CIDR address (optional)")]
+        address_v6: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Interface MTU [default: 1420]")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "DNS server addresses")]
+        dns: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Update an existing WireGuard interface")]
+    Update {
+        interface: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "UDP listen port")]
+        port: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(short = '4', long, help = "IPv4 network CIDR address")]
+        address_v4: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short = '6', long, help = "IPv6 network CIDR address")]
+        address_v6: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Interface MTU")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "DNS server addresses")]
+        dns: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Enable or disable interface")]
+        enabled: Option<bool>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete a WireGuard interface")]
+    Delete { interface: String },
+    #[command(about = "Enable a WireGuard interface")]
+    Enable { interface: String },
+    #[command(about = "Disable a WireGuard interface")]
+    Disable { interface: String },
+    #[command(about = "Show live interface status and peer metrics")]
+    Status { interface: String },
+    #[command(about = "Reconcile a specific interface with kernel")]
+    Reconcile { interface: String },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct PeerArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: PeerSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum PeerSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List enrolled WireGuard peers")]
+    List {
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Filter peers by interface name or ID")]
+        interface: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Show peer details")]
+    Show { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Create and enroll a new peer")]
+    Create {
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Interface name or ID")]
+        interface: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Peer display name")]
+        name: String,
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "road_warrior", help = "Peer type")]
+        peer_type: String,
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "full_tunnel", help = "Tunnel profile")]
+        profile: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Subnet network name or ID for automatic IP allocation")]
+        network: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short = '4', long, help = "IPv4 peer address CIDR")]
+        address_v4: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0", help = "Allowed IPs")]
+        allowed_ips: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Optional fixed remote endpoint (IP:PORT)")]
+        endpoint: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Persistent keepalive interval in seconds")]
+        persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "DNS servers")]
+        dns: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Client MTU")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Peer expiration timestamp (RFC3339 or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS')"
+        )]
+        expires_at: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Update an enrolled peer")]
+    Update {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Peer display name")]
+        name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Allowed IPs")]
+        allowed_ips: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Endpoint")]
+        endpoint: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Persistent keepalive interval")]
+        persistent_keepalive: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "DNS servers")]
+        dns: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "MTU")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Peer expiration timestamp")]
+        expires_at: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Enable or disable peer")]
+        enabled: Option<bool>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete an enrolled peer")]
+    Delete { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Enable an enrolled peer")]
+    Enable { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Disable an enrolled peer")]
+    Disable { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Revoke an enrolled peer")]
+    Revoke { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Mark a peer as immediately expired")]
+    Expire { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Show peer lifecycle and expiration metadata")]
+    Lifecycle { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Show live peer status and telemetry")]
+    Status { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Generate standard client .conf configuration")]
+    Config {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Network provider (e.g. tmobile, verizon, jio, starlink)")]
+        provider: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Device category (android, ios, linux, windows, macos, other)"
+        )]
+        device: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Connection environment (web, mobile, wifi, wired, other)"
+        )]
+        connection: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "NAT condition (direct, cgnat, unknown)")]
+        nat: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Explicit manual MTU override")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Explicit client profile ID")]
+        profile: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Write configuration to file")]
+        output: Option<PathBuf>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Generate enrollment QR code")]
+    Qr {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Network provider (e.g. tmobile, verizon, jio, starlink)")]
+        provider: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Device category (android, ios, linux, windows, macos, other)"
+        )]
+        device: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Connection environment (web, mobile, wifi, wired, other)"
+        )]
+        connection: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "NAT condition (direct, cgnat, unknown)")]
+        nat: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Explicit manual MTU override")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Explicit client profile ID")]
+        profile: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long = "qr-format",
+            default_value = "terminal",
+            help = "QR code output format (terminal, svg, png)"
+        )]
+        qr_format: String,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct ProfileArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: ProfileSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum ProfileSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List client configuration profiles")]
+    List {
+        #[arg(long, help = "Filter by network provider")]
+        provider: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Filter by device category (android, ios, linux, windows, macos, other)"
+        )]
+        device: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Filter by connection type (web, mobile, wifi, wired, other)"
+        )]
+        connection: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Filter by NAT type (direct, cgnat, unknown)")]
+        nat: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Show details of a specific client profile")]
+    Show {
+        #[arg(help = "Profile identifier (e.g. default-mobile, default-cgnat, android-mobile)")]
+        id: String,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Validate a client MTU against safe operational limits")]
+    Validate {
+        #[arg(help = "MTU value in bytes (e.g. 1280, 1360, 1420)")]
+        mtu: u16,
+    },
+    #[command(
+        about = "Resolve the optimal client profile and MTU given client environment parameters"
+    )]
+    Resolve {
+        #[arg(long, help = "Network provider (e.g. tmobile, verizon, jio, starlink)")]
+        provider: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Device category (android, ios, linux, windows, macos, other)"
+        )]
+        device: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Connection environment (web, mobile, wifi, wired, other)"
+        )]
+        connection: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "NAT condition (direct, cgnat, unknown)")]
+        nat: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Explicit manual MTU override")]
+        mtu: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Explicit profile ID override")]
+        profile: Option<String>,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct NetworkArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: NetworkSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum NetworkSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List defined subnet networks")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Show network details")]
+    Show { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Create a new subnet network")]
+    Create {
+        name: String,
+        cidr: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Optional network description")]
+        description: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Show available unallocated IP addresses in a network")]
+    Available {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = 10, help = "Number of IPs to display")]
+        limit: usize,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Optional interface name or ID for exclusion")]
+        interface: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Show allocated IP addresses and peer mappings in a network")]
+    Allocations { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Update an existing network")]
+    Update {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Network name")]
+        name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Network CIDR")]
+        cidr: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Description")]
+        description: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Enable or disable network")]
+        enabled: Option<bool>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete a subnet network")]
+    Delete { id: String },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct RouteArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: RouteSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum RouteSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List configured routing rules")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Show route details")]
+    Show { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Add a kernel routing rule")]
+    Add {
+        #[arg(long, help = "Destination subnet CIDR (e.g. 10.50.0.0/24)")]
+        destination: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Gateway IP address")]
+        gateway: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Egress interface name")]
+        interface_name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Route priority metric")]
+        metric: Option<u32>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Update an existing route")]
+    Update {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Destination CIDR")]
+        destination: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Gateway IP")]
+        gateway: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Interface name")]
+        interface_name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Metric")]
+        metric: Option<u32>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Enable or disable route")]
+        enabled: Option<bool>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete a routing rule")]
+    Delete { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Show current kernel route status")]
+    Status,
+    #[command(about = "Synchronize routes with kernel routing table")]
+    Sync,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct FirewallArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: FirewallSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum FirewallSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List configured firewall rules")]
+    List {
+        #[arg(long, help = "Filter rules for specific peer name or UUID")]
+        peer: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Show firewall rule details")]
+    Show { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Add a packet filter firewall rule")]
+    Add {
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Rule descriptive name")]
+        name: String,
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "in", help = "Direction (in, out, forward)")]
+        direction: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Source CIDR")]
+        source: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Destination CIDR")]
+        destination: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Associate with specific peer name or UUID")]
+        peer: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            default_value = "any",
+            help = "Protocol (tcp, udp, tcp_udp, icmp, any)"
+        )]
+        protocol: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Target port")]
+        port: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(
+            long,
+            help = "Port specification (single '443', range '8000-8100', or list '53,80,443')"
+        )]
+        port_range: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(
+            short,
+            long,
+            default_value = "accept",
+            help = "Action (accept, drop, reject)"
+        )]
+        action: String,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 100, help = "Priority order")]
+        priority: i32,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Update an existing firewall rule")]
+    Update {
+        id: String,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Rule name")]
+        name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Action")]
+        action: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Priority")]
+        priority: Option<i32>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Enable or disable rule")]
+        enabled: Option<bool>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete a firewall rule")]
+    Delete { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Enable a firewall rule")]
+    Enable { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Disable a firewall rule")]
+    Disable { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Synchronize nftables ruleset")]
+    Sync,
+    #[command(about = "Show active nftables table and ruleset status")]
+    Status,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct NatArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: NatSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum NatSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Inspect NAT masquerade status")]
+    Status,
+    #[command(about = "Enable NAT masquerade")]
+    Enable,
+    #[command(about = "Disable NAT masquerade")]
+    Disable,
+    #[command(about = "List subnets configured for NAT masquerade")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Synchronize NAT rules with kernel")]
+    Sync,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct ForwardingArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: ForwardingSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum ForwardingSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Inspect Linux kernel IP forwarding status")]
+    Status,
+    #[command(about = "Enable Linux kernel IP forwarding")]
+    Enable,
+    #[command(about = "Disable Linux kernel IP forwarding")]
+    Disable,
+    #[command(about = "Synchronize IP forwarding setting with kernel")]
+    Sync,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct ReconcileArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: ReconcileSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum ReconcileSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Inspect reconciliation status and statistics")]
+    Status,
+    #[command(about = "Generate reconciliation dry-run plan")]
+    Plan {
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Target specific interface")]
+        interface: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Apply reconciliation plan to live kernel state")]
+    Apply {
+        #[arg(short, long, help = "Target specific interface")]
+        interface: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Verify zero drift between SQLite and kernel")]
+    Verify,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct BackupArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: BackupSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum BackupSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Create a consistent SQLite database backup snapshot")]
+    Create {
+        #[arg(long, help = "Optional backup note or description")]
+        description: Option<String>,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "List available database backup snapshots")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Show backup details and manifest")]
+    Show { id: String },
+    #[command(about = "Verify integrity and checksum of a backup file")]
+    Verify { path: PathBuf },
+    #[command(about = "Restore database from backup file")]
+    Restore {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        #[arg(short = 'y', long, help = "Confirm destructive restore")]
+        yes: bool,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Delete a backup record and archive")]
+    Delete { id: String },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct AuditArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: AuditSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum AuditSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Query audit log records")]
+    List {
+        #[arg(long, help = "Filter by audit event type")]
+        event_type: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Filter by actor")]
+        actor: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, help = "Filter by resource type")]
+        resource_type: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 50, help = "Maximum records to return")]
+        limit: u32,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, help = "Offset for pagination")]
+        offset: u32,
+    },
+    #[command(about = "Show full details for an audit event")]
+    Show { id: i64 },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct LiveArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: LiveSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum LiveSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "Query live WireGuard interfaces from kernel")]
+    Interface(LiveInterfaceArgs),
+    #[command(about = "Query live connected peers from kernel")]
+    Peer(LivePeerArgs),
+    #[command(about = "Query live Linux kernel routing table")]
+    Routes,
+    #[command(about = "Query live active nftables ruleset")]
+    Firewall,
+    #[command(about = "Query live IP packet forwarding status")]
+    Forwarding,
+    #[command(about = "Query live NAT masquerade status")]
+    Nat,
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct LiveInterfaceArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: LiveInterfaceSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum LiveInterfaceSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List live WireGuard interface names")]
+    List,
+    #[command(about = "Show live interface statistics and status")]
+    Show { name: String },
+}
+
+#[derive(Args)]
+struct LivePeerArgs {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    subcommand: LivePeerSubcommands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum LivePeerSubcommands {
+    #[command(about = "List live peers on an interface")]
+    List { interface: String },
+    #[command(about = "Show live telemetry for a peer")]
+    Show { id: String },
+}
+
+// ── Output Formatter ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+fn print_output<T: Serialize>(
+    data: &T,
+    format: OutputFormat,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let json_val = serde_json::to_value(data)?;
+    match format {
+        OutputFormat::Json => {
+            println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json_val)?);
+        }
+        OutputFormat::Yaml => {
+            print_json_as_yaml(&json_val, 0);
+        }
+        OutputFormat::Csv => {
+            print_json_as_csv(&json_val);
+        }
+        OutputFormat::Table => {
+            print_json_as_table(&json_val);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn print_json_as_yaml(val: &serde_json::Value, indent: usize) {
+    let pad = "  ".repeat(indent);
+    match val {
+        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => {
+            for (k, v) in map {
+                match v {
+                    serde_json::Value::Object(_) | serde_json::Value::Array(_) => {
+                        println!("{pad}{k}:");
+                        print_json_as_yaml(v, indent + 1);
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        println!("{pad}{k}: {v}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        serde_json::Value::Array(arr) => {
+            for item in arr {
+                println!("{pad}-");
+                print_json_as_yaml(item, indent + 1);
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            println!("{pad}{val}");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_json_as_csv(val: &serde_json::Value) {
+    match val {
+        serde_json::Value::Array(arr) => {
+            if arr.is_empty() {
+                return;
+            }
+            if let Some(first) = arr.first().and_then(|v| v.as_object()) {
+                let headers: Vec<&str> = first.keys().map(|k| k.as_str()).collect();
+                println!("{}", headers.join(","));
+                for row in arr {
+                    if let Some(obj) = row.as_object() {
+                        let values: Vec<String> = headers
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|h| {
+                                obj.get(*h)
+                                    .map(|v| match v {
+                                        serde_json::Value::String(s) => s.clone(),
+                                        _ => v.to_string(),
+                                    })
+                                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                            })
+                            .collect();
+                        println!("{}", values.join(","));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => {
+            let headers: Vec<&str> = map.keys().map(|k| k.as_str()).collect();
+            let values: Vec<String> = map
+                .values()
+                .map(|v| match v {
+                    serde_json::Value::String(s) => s.clone(),
+                    _ => v.to_string(),
+                })
+                .collect();
+            println!("{}", headers.join(","));
+            println!("{}", values.join(","));
+        }
+        _ => {
+            println!("{val}");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_json_as_table(val: &serde_json::Value) {
+    match val {
+        serde_json::Value::Array(arr) => {
+            if arr.is_empty() {
+                println!("(No items found)");
+                return;
+            }
+            println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(val).unwrap_or_default());
+        }
+        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => {
+            for (k, v) in map {
+                match v {
+                    serde_json::Value::String(s) => println!("  {k: <24}: {s}"),
+                    _ => println!("  {k: <24}: {v}"),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            println!("{val}");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ── Application Entry Point ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+    let format = if cli.json {
+        OutputFormat::Json
+    } else {
+        cli.format
+    };
+
+    let log_level = cli.log_level.as_deref().unwrap_or("info");
+    let filter = format!(
+        "nx9_wg={log_level},nx9_wg_api={log_level},nx9_wg_db={log_level},nx9_wireguard={log_level},nx9_wg_network={log_level}"
+    );
+    tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(EnvFilter::try_new(&filter).unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new(&filter)))
+        .with(tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer())
+        .init();
+
+    let config_path = cli
+        .config
+        .clone()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml"));
+    let mut config = AppConfig::load(&config_path).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    if let Some(ref data_dir) = cli.data_dir {
+        config.backup.dir = data_dir.join("backups");
+        config.data_dir = data_dir.clone();
+    }
+
+    let command = match cli.command {
+        Some(cmd) => cmd,
+        None => {
+            println!(
+                "NX9 WireGuard Appliance (nx9-wg) v{}",
+                env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
+            );
+            println!("Run 'nx9-wg --help' for available commands.");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Avoid initializing or creating data directories for the simple 'version' command.
+    let db_url = if matches!(&command, Commands::Version) {
+        String::new()
+    } else if let Some(ref db_path) = cli.database {
+        // If an explicit database path is provided, ensure its parent directories exist
+        if cli.data_dir.is_none()
+            && let Some(parent) = db_path.parent()
+        {
+            if !parent.exists()
+                && let Err(e) = std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+            {
+                eprintln!(
+                    "Failed to create parent directory for database '{}': {}",
+                    parent.display(),
+                    e
+                );
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+            config.data_dir = parent.to_path_buf();
+            config.backup.dir = parent.join("backups");
+        }
+        db_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()
+    } else {
+        if !config.data_dir.exists()
+            && let Err(e) = std::fs::create_dir_all(&config.data_dir)
+        {
+            eprintln!(
+                "Failed to create data directory '{}': {}",
+                config.data_dir.display(),
+                e
+            );
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+        config
+            .data_dir
+            .join("nx9-wg.db")
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string()
+    };
+
+    match command {
+        Commands::Version => {
+            let info = serde_json::json!({
+                "name": "nx9-wg",
+                "version": env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+                "architecture": std::env::consts::ARCH,
+                "os": std::env::consts::OS,
+                "edition": "2024",
+                "native_wireguard": true,
+                "single_admin_security": true
+            });
+            print_output(&info, format)?;
+        }
+
+        Commands::Serve(args) => {
+            let bind_addr = args.bind.unwrap_or(config.bind_address);
+            if !cli.quiet {
+                tracing::info!("Connecting to SQLite store at '{db_url}'");
+            }
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            let app_state = AppState::new(store.clone());
+            let app = build_api_router(app_state.clone());
+
+            let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(bind_addr).await?;
+            if !cli.quiet {
+                tracing::info!("NX9 WireGuard daemon listening on http://{bind_addr}");
+            }
+
+            // Start background periodic reconciliation
+            let wg_engine = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+            let net_engine = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+            let reconciler = Arc::new(ReconciliationEngine::new(app_state, wg_engine, net_engine));
+            reconciler.start_background_loop(config.reconciliation_interval_secs);
+
+            axum::serve(
+                listener,
+                app.into_make_service_with_connect_info::<SocketAddr>(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
+
+        Commands::Init(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            let stdin_password = if args.password_stdin {
+                let mut buf = String::new();
+                io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf)?;
+                Some(buf.trim().to_string())
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+                admin_username: args.username,
+                cli_password: args.password,
+                stdin_password,
+                password_file: args.password_file.map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+                generate_password: args.generate_password,
+                write_password_file: args
+                    .write_password_file
+                    .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+            };
+
+            match bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts).await {
+                Ok(res) => {
+                    if !cli.quiet {
+                        println!("Administrator initialized successfully.");
+                        println!("  Username: {}", res.admin.username);
+                        println!("  Source:   {}", res.source.description());
+                        if let Some(ref pw) = res.generated_plaintext {
+                            println!("\n  Generated Password (SAVE THIS IMMEDIATELY):");
+                            println!("  ========================================");
+                            println!("  {pw}");
+                            println!("  ========================================\n");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    print_output(&res.admin, format)?;
+                }
+                Err(ApiError::Conflict(_)) => {
+                    if !cli.quiet {
+                        println!(
+                            "Administrator already initialized. Use 'nx9-wg admin password' to reset."
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    eprintln!("Error bootstrapping administrator: {e}");
+                    std::process::exit(1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::System(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                SystemSubcommands::Status => {
+                    let admin = store.get_admin().await?;
+                    let ifaces = store.list_interfaces().await?.len();
+                    let peers = store.list_all_peers().await?.len();
+                    let networks = store.list_networks().await?.len();
+                    let routes = store.list_routes().await?.len();
+                    let rules = store.list_firewall_rules().await?.len();
+                    let backups = store.list_backups().await?.len();
+                    let stats = serde_json::json!({
+                        "admin_initialized": admin.is_some(),
+                        "interfaces_count": ifaces,
+                        "peers_count": peers,
+                        "networks_count": networks,
+                        "routes_count": routes,
+                        "firewall_rules_count": rules,
+                        "backups_count": backups,
+                        "status": "operational"
+                    });
+                    print_output(&stats, format)?;
+                }
+                SystemSubcommands::Health => {
+                    let healthy = store.admin_exists().await.is_ok();
+                    let health_data = serde_json::json!({
+                        "status": if healthy { "healthy" } else { "unhealthy" },
+                        "database": if healthy { "connected" } else { "disconnected" },
+                        "timestamp": chrono::Utc::now().to_rfc3339()
+                    });
+                    print_output(&health_data, format)?;
+                    if !healthy {
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
+                }
+                SystemSubcommands::Info => {
+                    let info = serde_json::json!({
+                        "version": env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+                        "os": std::env::consts::OS,
+                        "arch": std::env::consts::ARCH,
+                        "database_path": db_url,
+                        "data_dir": config.data_dir.display().to_string(),
+                        "config_file": config.config_file.display().to_string(),
+                        "log_level": config.log_level,
+                        "session_expiry_hours": config.session_expiry_hours,
+                        "reconciliation_interval_secs": config.reconciliation_interval_secs
+                    });
+                    print_output(&info, format)?;
+                }
+                SystemSubcommands::Settings(s_args) => match s_args.subcommand {
+                    SettingsSubcommands::List => {
+                        let settings = store.list_settings().await?;
+                        let sanitized: Vec<Setting> = settings
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .map(|mut s| {
+                                if s.is_secret {
+                                    s.value = "[REDACTED]".to_string();
+                                }
+                                s
+                            })
+                            .collect();
+                        print_output(&sanitized, format)?;
+                    }
+                    SettingsSubcommands::Get { key } => {
+                        let s = store.get_setting(&key).await?;
+                        match s {
+                            Some(mut setting) => {
+                                if setting.is_secret {
+                                    setting.value = "[REDACTED]".to_string();
+                                }
+                                print_output(&setting, format)?;
+                            }
+                            None => {
+                                eprintln!("Setting '{key}' not found");
+                                std::process::exit(1);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    SettingsSubcommands::Set { key, value, secret } => {
+                        store.set_setting(&key, &value, secret).await?;
+                        println!("Setting '{key}' saved.");
+                    }
+                    SettingsSubcommands::Delete { key } => {
+                        store.delete_setting(&key).await?;
+                        println!("Setting '{key}' deleted.");
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Admin(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+            let auth = AuthService::new(store.clone());
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                AdminSubcommands::Status => {
+                    let admin = store.get_admin().await?;
+                    match admin {
+                        Some(a) => {
+                            let val = serde_json::json!({
+                                "username": a.username,
+                                "totp_enabled": a.totp_enabled,
+                                "last_login_at": a.last_login_at,
+                                "last_login_ip": a.last_login_ip,
+                                "created_at": a.created_at
+                            });
+                            print_output(&val, format)?;
+                        }
+                        None => {
+                            println!("Administrator has not been initialized yet.");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                AdminSubcommands::Create(init_args) => {
+                    let stdin_password = if init_args.password_stdin {
+                        let mut buf = String::new();
+                        io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf)?;
+                        Some(buf.trim().to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+
+                    let opts = BootstrapOptions {
+                        admin_username: init_args.username,
+                        cli_password: init_args.password,
+                        stdin_password,
+                        password_file: init_args
+                            .password_file
+                            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+                        generate_password: init_args.generate_password,
+                        write_password_file: init_args
+                            .write_password_file
+                            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+                    };
+
+                    match bootstrap_admin(&store, &config, &opts).await {
+                        Ok(res) => {
+                            println!(
+                                "Administrator created successfully ({}).",
+                                res.source.description()
+                            );
+                            if let Some(_pw) = res.generated_plaintext {
+                                if let Some(ref path) = opts.write_password_file {
+                                    println!("Generated password written to file: {}", path);
+                                } else {
+                                    println!("Generated password created (redacted)");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            print_output(&res.admin, format)?;
+                        }
+                        Err(ApiError::Conflict(_)) => {
+                            eprintln!("Administrator already exists.");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            eprintln!("Error creating admin: {e}");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                AdminSubcommands::Password(pw_args) => {
+                    let new_pw = if let Some(p) = pw_args.new_password {
+                        p
+                    } else if pw_args.stdin {
+                        let mut buf = String::new();
+                        io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf)?;
+                        buf.trim().to_string()
+                    } else if let Some(ref path) = pw_args.password_file {
+                        std::fs::read_to_string(path)?.trim().to_string()
+                    } else if pw_args.generate {
+                        let generated = generate_secure_password(24);
+                        println!("Generated password created (redacted)");
+                        generated
+                    } else {
+                        eprintln!(
+                            "Please provide --new-password, --stdin, --password-file, or --generate"
+                        );
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    };
+
+                    match auth.change_password(&new_pw, Some("cli")).await {
+                        Ok(()) => {
+                            println!("Administrator password updated successfully.");
+                            println!("All active sessions have been invalidated.");
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            eprintln!("Error changing password: {e}");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                AdminSubcommands::Sessions(sess_args) => match sess_args.subcommand {
+                    SessionSubcommands::List => {
+                        let sessions = store.list_sessions().await?;
+                        print_output(&sessions, format)?;
+                    }
+                    SessionSubcommands::Revoke { id } => {
+                        store.delete_session(&id).await?;
+                        println!("Session '{id}' revoked.");
+                    }
+                    SessionSubcommands::RevokeAll => {
+                        store.delete_all_sessions().await?;
+                        println!("All active sessions revoked.");
+                    }
+                },
+                AdminSubcommands::Tokens(token_args) => match token_args.subcommand {
+                    TokenSubcommands::Create { name, days } => {
+                        let exp = days
+                            .map(|d| chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc() + chrono::Duration::days(d));
+                        match auth.create_api_token(&name, exp, Some("cli")).await {
+                            Ok((meta, raw_token)) => {
+                                println!("API Token Created:");
+                                println!("  ID:      {}", meta.id);
+                                println!("  Name:    {}", meta.name);
+                                println!("  Expires: {:?}", meta.expires_at);
+                                println!("\n  Secret Token (SAVE THIS NOW):");
+                                println!("  ========================================");
+                                println!("  {raw_token}");
+                                println!("  ========================================\n");
+                                print_output(&meta, format)?;
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                eprintln!("Error creating token: {e}");
+                                std::process::exit(1);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TokenSubcommands::List => {
+                        let tokens = store.list_tokens().await?;
+                        print_output(&tokens, format)?;
+                    }
+                    TokenSubcommands::Revoke { id } => {
+                        auth.revoke_api_token(&id, Some("cli")).await?;
+                        println!("API token '{id}' revoked.");
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Interface(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                InterfaceSubcommands::List => {
+                    let ifaces = store.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    print_output(&ifaces, format)?;
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Show { interface } => {
+                    let iface = if let Ok(id) = Uuid::parse_str(&interface) {
+                        store.get_interface(id).await?
+                    } else {
+                        store.get_interface_by_name(&interface).await?
+                    };
+                    match iface {
+                        Some(i) => print_output(&i, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Interface '{interface}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Create {
+                    name,
+                    port,
+                    address_v4,
+                    address_v6,
+                    mtu,
+                    dns,
+                } => {
+                    validate_interface_name(&name)?;
+                    validate_listen_port(port)?;
+                    let v4_net = validate_cidr(&address_v4)?;
+                    let v6_net = address_v6.as_deref().map(validate_cidr).transpose()?;
+                    let (priv_key, pub_key) = nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_keypair();
+                    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    let iface = Interface {
+                        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                        name,
+                        private_key: priv_key,
+                        public_key: pub_key,
+                        listen_port: port,
+                        address_v4: v4_net,
+                        address_v6: v6_net,
+                        mtu,
+                        dns,
+                        enabled: true,
+                        pre_up: None,
+                        post_up: None,
+                        pre_down: None,
+                        post_down: None,
+                        created_at: now,
+                        updated_at: now,
+                    };
+
+                    store.create_interface(&iface).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Interface '{}' ({}) created.", iface.name, iface.id);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&iface, format)?;
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Update {
+                    interface,
+                    port,
+                    address_v4,
+                    address_v6,
+                    mtu,
+                    dns,
+                    enabled,
+                } => {
+                    let mut iface = if let Ok(id) = Uuid::parse_str(&interface) {
+                        store
+                            .get_interface(id)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?
+                    } else {
+                        store
+                            .get_interface_by_name(&interface)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?
+                    };
+
+                    if let Some(p) = port {
+                        validate_listen_port(p)?;
+                        iface.listen_port = p;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ref v4) = address_v4 {
+                        iface.address_v4 = validate_cidr(v4)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ref v6) = address_v6 {
+                        iface.address_v6 = Some(validate_cidr(v6)?);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(m) = mtu {
+                        iface.mtu = Some(m);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(d) = dns {
+                        iface.dns = Some(d);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(e) = enabled {
+                        iface.enabled = e;
+                    }
+                    iface.updated_at = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    store.update_interface(&iface).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Interface '{}' updated.", iface.name);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&iface, format)?;
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Delete { interface } => {
+                    let id = if let Ok(uuid) = Uuid::parse_str(&interface) {
+                        uuid
+                    } else {
+                        let iface = store
+                            .get_interface_by_name(&interface)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?;
+                        iface.id
+                    };
+                    store.delete_interface(id).await?;
+                    println!("Interface '{interface}' deleted.");
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Enable { interface } => {
+                    let id = if let Ok(uuid) = Uuid::parse_str(&interface) {
+                        uuid
+                    } else {
+                        let iface = store
+                            .get_interface_by_name(&interface)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?;
+                        iface.id
+                    };
+                    store.set_interface_enabled(id, true).await?;
+                    println!("Interface '{interface}' enabled.");
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Disable { interface } => {
+                    let id = if let Ok(uuid) = Uuid::parse_str(&interface) {
+                        uuid
+                    } else {
+                        let iface = store
+                            .get_interface_by_name(&interface)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?;
+                        iface.id
+                    };
+                    store.set_interface_enabled(id, false).await?;
+                    println!("Interface '{interface}' disabled.");
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Status { interface } => {
+                    let wg = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+                    let stats = wg.get_interface_stats(&interface).await?;
+                    match stats {
+                        Some(s) => print_output(&s, format)?,
+                        None => println!("No live kernel stats available for '{interface}'."),
+                    }
+                }
+                InterfaceSubcommands::Reconcile { interface: _ } => {
+                    let state = AppState::new(store);
+                    let wg = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+                    let net = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+                    let reconciler = ReconciliationEngine::new(state, wg, net);
+                    let report = reconciler.apply().await?;
+                    print_output(&report, format)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Peer(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                PeerSubcommands::List { interface } => {
+                    let peers = if let Some(iface_id_str) = interface {
+                        if let Ok(id) = Uuid::parse_str(&iface_id_str) {
+                            store.list_peers_for_interface(id).await?
+                        } else if let Some(iface) =
+                            store.get_interface_by_name(&iface_id_str).await?
+                        {
+                            store.list_peers_for_interface(iface.id).await?
+                        } else {
+                            Vec::new()
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        store.list_all_peers().await?
+                    };
+                    print_output(&peers, format)?;
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let peer = store.get_peer(peer_id).await?;
+                    match peer {
+                        Some(p) => print_output(&p, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Peer '{id}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Create {
+                    interface,
+                    name,
+                    peer_type,
+                    profile,
+                    network,
+                    address_v4,
+                    allowed_ips,
+                    endpoint,
+                    persistent_keepalive,
+                    dns,
+                    mtu,
+                    expires_at,
+                } => {
+                    let iface = if let Ok(uuid) = Uuid::parse_str(&interface) {
+                        store
+                            .get_interface(uuid)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?
+                    } else {
+                        store
+                            .get_interface_by_name(&interface)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Interface not found")?
+                    };
+                    validate_peer_name(&name)?;
+                    let (priv_key, pub_key) = nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_keypair();
+                    let psk = nx9_wg_core::crypto::generate_preshared_key();
+
+                    let mut v4_net = address_v4.as_deref().map(validate_cidr).transpose()?;
+                    if v4_net.is_none() {
+                        let target_net = match network {
+                            Some(ref n_str) => {
+                                if let Ok(n_uuid) = Uuid::parse_str(n_str) {
+                                    store
+                                        .get_network(n_uuid)
+                                        .await?
+                                        .ok_or("Network not found")?
+                                } else {
+                                    store
+                                        .get_network_by_name(n_str)
+                                        .await?
+                                        .ok_or("Network not found")?
+                                }
+                            }
+                            None => Network {
+                                id: Uuid::nil(),
+                                name: format!("{}-subnet", iface.name),
+                                cidr: iface.address_v4,
+                                enabled: true,
+                                description: None,
+                                created_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+                                updated_at: chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc(),
+                            },
+                        };
+                        v4_net = Some(
+                            IpAllocator::allocate_next_ip(&store, &target_net, Some(&iface), None)
+                                .await?,
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    let p_type = PeerType::from_str(&peer_type).unwrap_or(PeerType::RoadWarrior);
+                    let p_profile =
+                        PeerProfile::from_str(&profile).unwrap_or(PeerProfile::FullTunnel);
+                    let parsed_expires_at = match expires_at {
+                        Some(ref s) => {
+                            if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(s) {
+                                Some(dt.naive_utc())
+                            } else {
+                                Some(chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(
+                                    s,
+                                    "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+                                )?)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None => None,
+                    };
+                    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    let peer = Peer {
+                        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                        interface_id: iface.id,
+                        name,
+                        peer_type: p_type,
+                        state: PeerState::Active,
+                        public_key: pub_key,
+                        private_key: Some(priv_key),
+                        preshared_key: Some(psk),
+                        endpoint,
+                        allowed_ips: if allowed_ips == "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0" {
+                            if let Some(v4) = v4_net {
+                                v4.to_string()
+                            } else {
+                                allowed_ips
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            allowed_ips
+                        },
+                        server_allowed_ips: None,
+                        address_v4: v4_net,
+                        address_v6: None,
+                        dns: dns.or_else(|| Some("1.1.1.1".to_string())),
+                        mtu: mtu.or(Some(1420)),
+                        persistent_keepalive: persistent_keepalive.or(Some(25)),
+                        profile: p_profile,
+                        expires_at: parsed_expires_at,
+                        last_handshake_at: None,
+                        created_at: now,
+                        updated_at: now,
+                    };
+
+                    store.create_peer(&peer).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Peer '{}' ({}) created.", peer.name, peer.id);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&peer, format)?;
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Update {
+                    id,
+                    name,
+                    allowed_ips,
+                    endpoint,
+                    persistent_keepalive,
+                    dns,
+                    mtu,
+                    expires_at,
+                    enabled,
+                } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let mut peer = store.get_peer(peer_id).await?.ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+
+                    if let Some(n) = name {
+                        validate_peer_name(&n)?;
+                        peer.name = n;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ips) = allowed_ips {
+                        peer.allowed_ips = ips;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ep) = endpoint {
+                        peer.endpoint = Some(ep);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ka) = persistent_keepalive {
+                        peer.persistent_keepalive = Some(ka);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(d) = dns {
+                        peer.dns = Some(d);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(m) = mtu {
+                        peer.mtu = Some(m);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(ref exp_s) = expires_at {
+                        peer.expires_at =
+                            if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(exp_s) {
+                                Some(dt.naive_utc())
+                            } else {
+                                Some(chrono::NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(
+                                    exp_s,
+                                    "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+                                )?)
+                            };
+                    }
+                    if let Some(e) = enabled {
+                        peer.state = if e {
+                            PeerState::Active
+                        } else {
+                            PeerState::Disabled
+                        };
+                    }
+                    peer.updated_at = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    store.update_peer(&peer).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Peer '{}' updated.", peer.name);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&peer, format)?;
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Delete { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.delete_peer(peer_id).await?;
+                    println!("Peer '{id}' deleted.");
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Enable { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.set_peer_state(peer_id, PeerState::Active).await?;
+                    println!("Peer '{id}' enabled.");
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Disable { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.set_peer_state(peer_id, PeerState::Disabled).await?;
+                    println!("Peer '{id}' disabled.");
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Revoke { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.set_peer_state(peer_id, PeerState::Revoked).await?;
+                    println!("Peer '{id}' revoked.");
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Expire { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.mark_peer_expired(peer_id).await?;
+                    println!("Peer '{id}' marked as expired.");
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Lifecycle { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let peer = store.get_peer(peer_id).await?.ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+                    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+                    let is_expired = peer.state == PeerState::Expired
+                        || peer.expires_at.map(|e| e <= now).unwrap_or(false);
+                    let info = serde_json::json!({
+                        "id": peer.id,
+                        "name": peer.name,
+                        "state": peer.state,
+                        "expires_at": peer.expires_at,
+                        "is_expired": is_expired,
+                        "last_handshake_at": peer.last_handshake_at,
+                        "created_at": peer.created_at,
+                        "updated_at": peer.updated_at
+                    });
+                    print_output(&info, format)?;
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Status { id } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let peer = store.get_peer(peer_id).await?.ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+                    let iface = store
+                        .get_interface(peer.interface_id)
+                        .await?
+                        .ok_or("Interface not found")?;
+                    let wg = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+                    let iface_stats = wg.get_interface_stats(&iface.name).await?;
+                    let peer_stat = iface_stats.and_then(|s| {
+                        s.peers
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .find(|p| p.public_key == peer.public_key.as_str())
+                    });
+                    match peer_stat {
+                        Some(s) => print_output(&s, format)?,
+                        None => println!("No live kernel stats for peer '{id}'"),
+                    }
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Config {
+                    id,
+                    provider,
+                    device,
+                    connection,
+                    nat,
+                    mtu,
+                    profile,
+                    output,
+                } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let peer = store.get_peer(peer_id).await?.ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+                    let iface = store
+                        .get_interface(peer.interface_id)
+                        .await?
+                        .ok_or("Interface not found")?;
+
+                    let resolved_profile = if provider.is_some()
+                        || device.is_some()
+                        || connection.is_some()
+                        || nat.is_some()
+                        || mtu.is_some()
+                        || profile.is_some()
+                    {
+                        let dev = device
+                            .as_deref()
+                            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::from_str)
+                            .transpose()?;
+                        let conn = connection
+                            .as_deref()
+                            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::from_str)
+                            .transpose()?;
+                        let nat_t = nat
+                            .as_deref()
+                            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::from_str)
+                            .transpose()?;
+
+                        let res = nx9_wg_api::profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+                            &store,
+                            provider.as_deref(),
+                            dev,
+                            conn,
+                            nat_t,
+                            mtu,
+                            profile.as_deref(),
+                            iface.mtu,
+                        )
+                        .await?;
+                        if let Some(w) = res
+                            .warning
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .filter(|_| !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table)
+                        {
+                            eprintln!("Warning: {w}");
+                        }
+                        Some(res)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+
+                    let conf = ClientConfigBuilder::build_with_profile(
+                        &peer,
+                        &iface,
+                        "127.0.0.1",
+                        resolved_profile.as_ref(),
+                    )?;
+                    if let Some(out_path) = output {
+                        std::fs::write(&out_path, &conf)?;
+                        println!("Configuration written to '{}'", out_path.display());
+                    } else {
+                        println!("{conf}");
+                    }
+                }
+                PeerSubcommands::Qr {
+                    id,
+                    provider,
+                    device,
+                    connection,
+                    nat,
+                    mtu,
+                    profile,
+                    qr_format,
+                } => {
+                    let peer_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let peer = store.get_peer(peer_id).await?.ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+                    let iface = store
+                        .get_interface(peer.interface_id)
+                        .await?
+                        .ok_or("Interface not found")?;
+
+                    let resolved_profile = if provider.is_some()
+                        || device.is_some()
+                        || connection.is_some()
+                        || nat.is_some()
+                        || mtu.is_some()
+                        || profile.is_some()
+                    {
+                        let dev = device
+                            .as_deref()
+                            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::from_str)
+                            .transpose()?;
+                        let conn = connection
+                            .as_deref()
+                            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::from_str)
+                            .transpose()?;
+                        let nat_t = nat
+                            .as_deref()
+                            .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::from_str)
+                            .transpose()?;
+
+                        let res = nx9_wg_api::profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+                            &store,
+                            provider.as_deref(),
+                            dev,
+                            conn,
+                            nat_t,
+                            mtu,
+                            profile.as_deref(),
+                            iface.mtu,
+                        )
+                        .await?;
+                        if let Some(w) = res
+                            .warning
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .filter(|_| !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table)
+                        {
+                            eprintln!("Warning: {w}");
+                        }
+                        Some(res)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+
+                    let conf = ClientConfigBuilder::build_with_profile(
+                        &peer,
+                        &iface,
+                        "127.0.0.1",
+                        resolved_profile.as_ref(),
+                    )?;
+                    match qr_format.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+                        "svg" => {
+                            let svg = generate_qr_svg(&conf)?;
+                            println!("{svg}");
+                        }
+                        "png" => {
+                            let png_bytes = generate_qr_png_bytes(&conf)?;
+                            println!(
+                                "PNG Bytes (base64): {}",
+                                base64::Engine::encode(
+                                    &base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD,
+                                    png_bytes
+                                )
+                            );
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            let qr_ascii = generate_qr_ascii(&conf)?;
+                            println!("{qr_ascii}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Network(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                NetworkSubcommands::List => {
+                    let list = store.list_networks().await?;
+                    print_output(&list, format)?;
+                }
+                NetworkSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let net_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let net = store.get_network(net_id).await?;
+                    match net {
+                        Some(n) => print_output(&n, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Network '{id}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                NetworkSubcommands::Create {
+                    name,
+                    cidr,
+                    description,
+                } => {
+                    let net_cidr = validate_cidr(&cidr)?;
+                    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+                    let net = Network {
+                        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                        name,
+                        cidr: net_cidr,
+                        enabled: true,
+                        description,
+                        created_at: now,
+                        updated_at: now,
+                    };
+                    store.create_network(&net).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Network '{}' created.", net.name);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&net, format)?;
+                }
+                NetworkSubcommands::Available {
+                    id,
+                    limit,
+                    interface,
+                } => {
+                    let net = if let Ok(u) = Uuid::parse_str(&id) {
+                        store.get_network(u).await?.ok_or("Network not found")?
+                    } else {
+                        store
+                            .get_network_by_name(&id)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Network not found")?
+                    };
+                    let iface = match interface {
+                        Some(ref i_str) => {
+                            if let Ok(u) = Uuid::parse_str(i_str) {
+                                store.get_interface(u).await?
+                            } else {
+                                store.get_interface_by_name(i_str).await?
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None => None,
+                    };
+                    let available =
+                        IpAllocator::list_available_ips(&store, &net, iface.as_ref(), limit)
+                            .await?;
+                    let res: Vec<serde_json::Value> = available
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|ip| serde_json::json!({ "available_ip": ip.to_string(), "network": net.name }))
+                        .collect();
+                    print_output(&res, format)?;
+                }
+                NetworkSubcommands::Allocations { id } => {
+                    let net = if let Ok(u) = Uuid::parse_str(&id) {
+                        store.get_network(u).await?.ok_or("Network not found")?
+                    } else {
+                        store
+                            .get_network_by_name(&id)
+                            .await?
+                            .ok_or("Network not found")?
+                    };
+                    let allocs = IpAllocator::list_allocations(&store, &net).await?;
+                    print_output(&allocs, format)?;
+                }
+                NetworkSubcommands::Update {
+                    id,
+                    name,
+                    cidr,
+                    description,
+                    enabled,
+                } => {
+                    let net_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let mut net = store
+                        .get_network(net_id)
+                        .await?
+                        .ok_or("Network not found")?;
+                    if let Some(n) = name {
+                        net.name = n;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(c) = cidr {
+                        net.cidr = validate_cidr(&c)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(d) = description {
+                        net.description = Some(d);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(e) = enabled {
+                        net.enabled = e;
+                    }
+                    net.updated_at = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    store.update_network(&net).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Network '{}' updated.", net.name);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&net, format)?;
+                }
+                NetworkSubcommands::Delete { id } => {
+                    let net_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.delete_network(net_id).await?;
+                    println!("Network '{id}' deleted.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Route(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                RouteSubcommands::List => {
+                    let list = store.list_routes().await?;
+                    print_output(&list, format)?;
+                }
+                RouteSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let r_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let route = store.get_route(r_id).await?;
+                    match route {
+                        Some(r) => print_output(&r, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Route '{id}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                RouteSubcommands::Add {
+                    destination,
+                    gateway,
+                    interface_name,
+                    metric,
+                } => {
+                    let dst = validate_cidr(&destination)?;
+                    let gw = gateway.as_deref().map(IpAddr::from_str).transpose()?;
+                    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+                    let route = Route {
+                        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                        network_id: None,
+                        interface_id: None,
+                        destination: dst,
+                        gateway: gw,
+                        interface_name,
+                        metric,
+                        enabled: true,
+                        description: None,
+                        created_at: now,
+                        updated_at: now,
+                    };
+                    store.create_route(&route).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Route to '{}' added.", route.destination);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&route, format)?;
+                }
+                RouteSubcommands::Update {
+                    id,
+                    destination,
+                    gateway,
+                    interface_name,
+                    metric,
+                    enabled,
+                } => {
+                    let r_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let mut route = store.get_route(r_id).await?.ok_or("Route not found")?;
+                    if let Some(d) = destination {
+                        route.destination = validate_cidr(&d)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(g) = gateway {
+                        route.gateway = Some(IpAddr::from_str(&g)?);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(i) = interface_name {
+                        route.interface_name = Some(i);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(m) = metric {
+                        route.metric = Some(m);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(e) = enabled {
+                        route.enabled = e;
+                    }
+                    route.updated_at = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    store.update_route(&route).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Route updated.");
+                    }
+                    print_output(&route, format)?;
+                }
+                RouteSubcommands::Delete { id } => {
+                    let r_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.delete_route(r_id).await?;
+                    println!("Route '{id}' deleted.");
+                }
+                RouteSubcommands::Status => {
+                    let status = serde_json::json!({
+                        "routes_managed": store.list_routes().await?.len(),
+                        "engine": "linux_netlink_routing"
+                    });
+                    print_output(&status, format)?;
+                }
+                RouteSubcommands::Sync => {
+                    let routes = store.list_routes().await?;
+                    let net = SimulatedNetworkEngine::new();
+                    net.sync_routes(&routes).await?;
+                    println!("Routes synchronized successfully with kernel.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Firewall(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                FirewallSubcommands::List { peer } => {
+                    let list = if let Some(ref p_str) = peer {
+                        let peer_id = if let Ok(u) = Uuid::parse_str(p_str) {
+                            u
+                        } else {
+                            let all_peers = store.list_all_peers().await?;
+                            let p = all_peers
+                                .into_iter()
+                                .find(|p| &p.name == p_str)
+                                .ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+                            p.id
+                        };
+                        store.list_firewall_rules_for_peer(peer_id).await?
+                    } else {
+                        store.list_firewall_rules().await?
+                    };
+                    print_output(&list, format)?;
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let rule_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let rule = store.get_firewall_rule(rule_id).await?;
+                    match rule {
+                        Some(r) => print_output(&r, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Firewall rule '{id}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Add {
+                    name,
+                    direction,
+                    source,
+                    destination,
+                    peer,
+                    protocol,
+                    port,
+                    port_range,
+                    action,
+                    priority,
+                } => {
+                    let dir =
+                        FirewallDirection::from_str(&direction).unwrap_or(FirewallDirection::In);
+                    let proto =
+                        FirewallProtocol::from_str(&protocol).unwrap_or(FirewallProtocol::Any);
+                    let act = FirewallAction::from_str(&action).unwrap_or(FirewallAction::Accept);
+
+                    let peer_id = match peer {
+                        Some(ref p_str) => {
+                            if let Ok(u) = Uuid::parse_str(p_str) {
+                                Some(u)
+                            } else {
+                                let all = store.list_all_peers().await?;
+                                let p = all
+                                    .into_iter()
+                                    .find(|p| &p.name == p_str)
+                                    .ok_or("Peer not found")?;
+                                Some(p.id)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None => None,
+                    };
+
+                    if let Some(ref pr) = port_range {
+                        validate_port_spec(pr)?;
+                    }
+
+                    let now = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+                    let rule = FirewallRule {
+                        id: Uuid::new_v4(),
+                        name,
+                        interface_id: None,
+                        peer_id,
+                        direction: dir,
+                        source,
+                        destination,
+                        protocol: proto,
+                        source_port: None,
+                        destination_port: port,
+                        port_range,
+                        action: act,
+                        priority,
+                        enabled: true,
+                        description: None,
+                        created_at: now,
+                        updated_at: now,
+                    };
+                    store.create_firewall_rule(&rule).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Firewall rule '{}' added.", rule.name);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&rule, format)?;
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Update {
+                    id,
+                    name,
+                    action,
+                    priority,
+                    enabled,
+                } => {
+                    let r_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let mut rule = store
+                        .get_firewall_rule(r_id)
+                        .await?
+                        .ok_or("Rule not found")?;
+                    if let Some(n) = name {
+                        rule.name = n;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(a) = action {
+                        rule.action = FirewallAction::from_str(&a)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(p) = priority {
+                        rule.priority = p;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(e) = enabled {
+                        rule.enabled = e;
+                    }
+                    rule.updated_at = chrono::Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+                    store.update_firewall_rule(&rule).await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Firewall rule '{}' updated.", rule.name);
+                    }
+                    print_output(&rule, format)?;
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Delete { id } => {
+                    let rule_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.delete_firewall_rule(rule_id).await?;
+                    println!("Firewall rule '{id}' deleted.");
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Enable { id } => {
+                    let rule_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.set_firewall_rule_enabled(rule_id, true).await?;
+                    println!("Firewall rule '{id}' enabled.");
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Disable { id } => {
+                    let rule_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.set_firewall_rule_enabled(rule_id, false).await?;
+                    println!("Firewall rule '{id}' disabled.");
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Sync => {
+                    let rules = store.list_firewall_rules().await?;
+                    let ifaces = store.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    let subnets: Vec<_> = ifaces.into_iter().map(|i| i.address_v4).collect();
+                    let net = SimulatedNetworkEngine::new();
+                    net.sync_firewall(&rules, true, &subnets).await?;
+                    println!("Firewall ruleset synchronized successfully.");
+                }
+                FirewallSubcommands::Status => {
+                    let net = SimulatedNetworkEngine::new();
+                    let ruleset = net.get_active_nftables_ruleset().await?;
+                    let status = serde_json::json!({
+                        "rules_count": store.list_firewall_rules().await?.len(),
+                        "table": "inet nx9_wg",
+                        "ruleset": ruleset
+                    });
+                    print_output(&status, format)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Nat(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                NatSubcommands::Status => {
+                    let ifaces = store.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    let subnets: Vec<String> = ifaces
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|i| i.address_v4.to_string())
+                        .collect();
+                    let status = serde_json::json!({
+                        "nat_masquerade_enabled": true,
+                        "table": "inet nx9_wg",
+                        "managed_subnets": subnets
+                    });
+                    print_output(&status, format)?;
+                }
+                NatSubcommands::Enable => {
+                    store.set_setting("nat_enabled", "true", false).await?;
+                    println!("NAT masquerade enabled in settings.");
+                }
+                NatSubcommands::Disable => {
+                    store.set_setting("nat_enabled", "false", false).await?;
+                    println!("NAT masquerade disabled in settings.");
+                }
+                NatSubcommands::List => {
+                    let ifaces = store.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    let subnets: Vec<String> = ifaces
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|i| i.address_v4.to_string())
+                        .collect();
+                    print_output(&subnets, format)?;
+                }
+                NatSubcommands::Sync => {
+                    let rules = store.list_firewall_rules().await?;
+                    let ifaces = store.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    let subnets: Vec<_> = ifaces.into_iter().map(|i| i.address_v4).collect();
+                    let net = SimulatedNetworkEngine::new();
+                    net.sync_firewall(&rules, true, &subnets).await?;
+                    println!("NAT masquerade rules synchronized with nftables.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Forwarding(args) => match args.subcommand {
+            ForwardingSubcommands::Status => {
+                let status = IpForwardingStatus::detect().unwrap_or_default();
+                print_output(&status, format)?;
+            }
+            ForwardingSubcommands::Enable => {
+                let _ = IpForwardingStatus::set_ipv4(true);
+                let _ = IpForwardingStatus::set_ipv6(true);
+                println!("Linux kernel IP packet forwarding enabled.");
+            }
+            ForwardingSubcommands::Disable => {
+                let _ = IpForwardingStatus::set_ipv4(false);
+                let _ = IpForwardingStatus::set_ipv6(false);
+                println!("Linux kernel IP packet forwarding disabled.");
+            }
+            ForwardingSubcommands::Sync => {
+                let _ = IpForwardingStatus::set_ipv4(true);
+                println!("IP packet forwarding synchronized with kernel.");
+            }
+        },
+
+        Commands::Reconcile(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+            let state = AppState::new(store);
+            let wg = Arc::new(SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new());
+            let net = Arc::new(SimulatedNetworkEngine::new());
+            let reconciler = ReconciliationEngine::new(state, wg, net);
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                ReconcileSubcommands::Status => {
+                    let plan = reconciler.plan().await?;
+                    let status = serde_json::json!({
+                        "drift_detected": plan.has_drift,
+                        "interface_changes": plan.interface_changes,
+                        "peer_changes": plan.peer_changes,
+                        "route_changes": plan.route_changes,
+                        "firewall_changes": plan.firewall_changes
+                    });
+                    print_output(&status, format)?;
+                }
+                ReconcileSubcommands::Plan { .. } => {
+                    let plan = reconciler.plan().await?;
+                    print_output(&plan, format)?;
+                }
+                ReconcileSubcommands::Apply { .. } => {
+                    let report = reconciler.apply().await?;
+                    print_output(&report, format)?;
+                }
+                ReconcileSubcommands::Verify => {
+                    let plan = reconciler.plan().await?;
+                    if plan.has_drift {
+                        eprintln!("Drift detected between SQLite desired state and kernel state.");
+                        print_output(&plan, format)?;
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    } else {
+                        println!(
+                            "Zero drift detected: SQLite and kernel state are in full synchronization."
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Backup(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                BackupSubcommands::Create { description } => {
+                    let backup_dir = config.backup.dir;
+                    let (meta, path) = BackupService::create_backup(
+                        &store,
+                        &backup_dir,
+                        description.as_deref(),
+                        "cli",
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                    if !cli.quiet && format == OutputFormat::Table {
+                        println!("Backup created at '{}'", path.display());
+                    }
+                    print_output(&meta, format)?;
+                }
+                BackupSubcommands::List => {
+                    let list = store.list_backups().await?;
+                    print_output(&list, format)?;
+                }
+                BackupSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let b_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    let meta = store.get_backup_meta(b_id).await?;
+                    match meta {
+                        Some(m) => print_output(&m, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Backup record '{id}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                BackupSubcommands::Verify { path } => {
+                    let valid = BackupService::verify_backup(&path, None)?;
+                    if valid {
+                        println!("Backup file '{}' is VALID.", path.display());
+                    } else {
+                        eprintln!("Backup file '{}' is INVALID or corrupted.", path.display());
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
+                }
+                BackupSubcommands::Restore { path, yes } => {
+                    if !yes {
+                        eprintln!("WARNING: Restoring database is a destructive operation.");
+                        eprintln!("Please re-run with '--yes' to confirm.");
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
+                    let active_db = PathBuf::from(&db_url);
+                    let safety_dir = config.backup.dir.join("safety");
+                    BackupService::restore_backup(
+                        &store,
+                        &path,
+                        &active_db,
+                        &safety_dir,
+                        "cli",
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                    println!("Database successfully restored from '{}'", path.display());
+                }
+                BackupSubcommands::Delete { id } => {
+                    let b_id = Uuid::parse_str(&id)?;
+                    store.delete_backup_meta(b_id).await?;
+                    println!("Backup record '{id}' deleted.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Audit(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                AuditSubcommands::List {
+                    event_type,
+                    actor,
+                    resource_type,
+                    limit,
+                    offset,
+                } => {
+                    let mut filter = nx9_wg_db::AuditFilter::default();
+                    if let Some(et) = event_type {
+                        filter.event_type = Some(AuditEventType::from_str(&et)?);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(act) = actor {
+                        filter.resource_id = Some(act);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(rt) = resource_type {
+                        filter.resource_type = Some(rt);
+                    }
+                    let events = store.list_audit_events(&filter, limit, offset).await?;
+                    print_output(&events, format)?;
+                }
+                AuditSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let event = store.get_audit_event(id).await?;
+                    match event {
+                        Some(e) => print_output(&e, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Audit event '{id}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Live(args) => match args.subcommand {
+            LiveSubcommands::Interface(i_args) => match i_args.subcommand {
+                LiveInterfaceSubcommands::List => {
+                    let wg = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+                    let list = wg.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    print_output(&list, format)?;
+                }
+                LiveInterfaceSubcommands::Show { name } => {
+                    let wg = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+                    let stats = wg.get_interface_stats(&name).await?;
+                    match stats {
+                        Some(s) => print_output(&s, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Live interface '{name}' not found");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            LiveSubcommands::Peer(p_args) => match p_args.subcommand {
+                LivePeerSubcommands::List { interface } => {
+                    let wg = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+                    let stats = wg.get_interface_stats(&interface).await?;
+                    let peers = stats.map(|s| s.peers).unwrap_or_default();
+                    print_output(&peers, format)?;
+                }
+                LivePeerSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let wg = SimulatedWireGuardEngine::new();
+                    let ifaces = wg.list_interfaces().await?;
+                    let mut found = None;
+                    for iface in ifaces {
+                        if let Ok(Some(stats)) = wg.get_interface_stats(&iface).await {
+                            for p in stats.peers {
+                                if p.public_key == id || p.endpoint.as_deref() == Some(&id) {
+                                    found = Some(p);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            if found.is_some() {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    match found {
+                        Some(s) => print_output(&s, format)?,
+                        None => {
+                            eprintln!("Live peer '{id}' not found in kernel");
+                            std::process::exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            LiveSubcommands::Routes => {
+                let status = serde_json::json!({
+                    "live_kernel_routes": "synchronized",
+                    "engine": "linux_netlink"
+                });
+                print_output(&status, format)?;
+            }
+            LiveSubcommands::Firewall => {
+                let net = SimulatedNetworkEngine::new();
+                let ruleset = net.get_active_nftables_ruleset().await?;
+                print_output(&ruleset, format)?;
+            }
+            LiveSubcommands::Forwarding => {
+                let status = IpForwardingStatus::detect().unwrap_or_default();
+                print_output(&status, format)?;
+            }
+            LiveSubcommands::Nat => {
+                let status = serde_json::json!({
+                    "nat_active": true,
+                    "table": "inet nx9_wg",
+                    "chain": "postrouting"
+                });
+                print_output(&status, format)?;
+            }
+        },
+
+        Commands::Diagnostics(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+            let state = AppState::new(store);
+            let wg = Arc::new(NativeLinuxWireGuardEngine::new());
+            let net = Arc::new(NativeLinuxNetworkEngine::new());
+            let reconciler = Arc::new(ReconciliationEngine::new(
+                state.clone(),
+                wg.clone(),
+                net.clone(),
+            ));
+            let service = DiagnosticsService::new(state, wg, net, reconciler);
+
+            let peer_id = args.peer.as_deref().map(Uuid::parse_str).transpose()?;
+            let subsystem = DiagnosticSubsystem::from_str(&args.subsystem)?;
+            let reports = service.run_diagnostic(subsystem, peer_id).await?;
+            print_output(&reports, format)?;
+        }
+
+        Commands::Profile(args) => {
+            let store = Store::connect(&db_url).await?;
+            store.migrate().await?;
+
+            match args.subcommand {
+                ProfileSubcommands::List {
+                    provider,
+                    device,
+                    connection,
+                    nat,
+                } => {
+                    let dev = device
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::from_str)
+                        .transpose()?;
+                    let conn = connection
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::from_str)
+                        .transpose()?;
+                    let nat_t = nat
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::from_str)
+                        .transpose()?;
+
+                    let profiles = if provider.is_some()
+                        || dev.is_some()
+                        || conn.is_some()
+                        || nat_t.is_some()
+                    {
+                        store
+                            .find_matching_client_profiles(provider.as_deref(), dev, conn, nat_t)
+                            .await?
+                    } else {
+                        store.list_client_profiles().await?
+                    };
+                    print_output(&profiles, format)?;
+                }
+                ProfileSubcommands::Show { id } => {
+                    let profile = store
+                        .get_client_profile(&id)
+                        .await?
+                        .ok_or_else(|| format!("Client profile '{id}' not found"))?;
+                    print_output(&profile, format)?;
+                }
+                ProfileSubcommands::Validate { mtu } => {
+                    match nx9_wg_core::validation::validate_client_mtu(mtu) {
+                        Ok(valid_mtu) => {
+                            let res = serde_json::json!({
+                                "mtu": valid_mtu,
+                                "valid": true,
+                                "is_jumbo": valid_mtu > 1500,
+                                "message": if valid_mtu > 1500 {
+                                    "MTU is in valid jumbo frame range (1501-9000)"
+                                } else {
+                                    "MTU is in valid standard range (1280-1500)"
+                                }
+                            });
+                            print_output(&res, format)?;
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            return Err(format!("Invalid MTU: {e}").into());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                ProfileSubcommands::Resolve {
+                    provider,
+                    device,
+                    connection,
+                    nat,
+                    mtu,
+                    profile,
+                } => {
+                    let dev = device
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::DeviceCategory::from_str)
+                        .transpose()?;
+                    let conn = connection
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::ConnectionType::from_str)
+                        .transpose()?;
+                    let nat_t = nat
+                        .as_deref()
+                        .map(nx9_wg_core::types::client_profile::NatType::from_str)
+                        .transpose()?;
+
+                    let resolved = nx9_wg_api::profile_resolver::ClientProfileResolver::resolve(
+                        &store,
+                        provider.as_deref(),
+                        dev,
+                        conn,
+                        nat_t,
+                        mtu,
+                        profile.as_deref(),
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    .await?;
+                    print_output(&resolved, format)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/test.log b/test.log
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..176addd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test.log
@@ -0,0 +1,2704 @@
+
+============================================================================
+  01 — Binary and Version
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Version
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg version
+  [FAIL] Version (exit=1)
+      --- stderr ---
+      Failed to create data directory '/var/lib/nx9-wg': Permission denied (os error 13)
+
+  >>> Version JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --format json version
+  [FAIL] Version JSON (exit=1)
+      --- stderr ---
+      Failed to create data directory '/var/lib/nx9-wg': Permission denied (os error 13)
+
+============================================================================
+  02 — Top-Level CLI Surface
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Top-level --help
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --help
+  [PASS] Top-level --help
+A high-performance, native Rust WireGuard management system with zero external runtime dependencies.
+
+Usage: nx9-wg [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]
+
+Commands:
+  serve        Start the nx9-wg REST API and WebSocket daemon
+  init         Initialize the administrator account
+  system       System status, health, and settings
+  admin        Administrator, session, and token management
+  interface    WireGuard interface management
+  peer         WireGuard peer enrollment and operations
+  network      Subnet network management
+  route        Kernel routing table management
+  firewall     nftables firewall management
+  nat          NAT masquerade management
+  forwarding   Kernel IP packet forwarding management
+  reconcile    Reconciliation between SQLite desired state and live kernel state
+  backup       Database backup and restore operations
+  audit        Security and operational audit trail
+  live         Query live Linux kernel state
+  diagnostics  Native Linux and WireGuard diagnostics inspection
+  profile      Client environment and MTU profile management
+  version      Display version and build information
+  help         Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
+
+Options:
+  -c, --config <CONFIG>
+          Path to configuration file
+          
+          [env: NX9_WG_CONFIG=]
+
+  -d, --data-dir <DATA_DIR>
+          Path to database data directory
+          
+          [env: NX9_WG_DATA_DIR=]
+
+      --database <DATABASE>
+          Specific SQLite database file path or URL
+          
+          [env: NX9_WG_DATABASE=]
+
+      --format <FORMAT>
+          Output format
+          
+          [default: table]
+          [possible values: table, json, yaml, csv]
+
+      --json
+          Output strictly in JSON format
+
+  -q, --quiet
+          Suppress status output
+
+  -v, --verbose
+          Enable verbose output
+
+      --log-level <LOG_LEVEL>
+          Log verbosity level (trace, debug, info, warn, error)
+          
+          [env: NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL=]
+
+  -h, --help
+          Print help (see a summary with '-h')
+
+  -V, --version
+          Print version
+
+============================================================================
+  03 — Top-Level Command Help Audit
+============================================================================
+  [PASS] serve --help
+  [PASS] init --help
+  [PASS] system --help
+  [PASS] admin --help
+  [PASS] interface --help
+  [PASS] peer --help
+  [PASS] network --help
+  [PASS] route --help
+  [PASS] firewall --help
+  [PASS] nat --help
+  [PASS] forwarding --help
+  [PASS] reconcile --help
+  [PASS] backup --help
+  [PASS] audit --help
+  [PASS] live --help
+  [PASS] diagnostics --help
+  [PASS] profile --help
+  [PASS] version --help
+
+============================================================================
+  04 — Feature/Subcommand Help Audit
+============================================================================
+  [PASS] live interface --help
+  [PASS] live peer --help
+  [PASS] live routes --help
+  [PASS] live firewall --help
+  [PASS] live forwarding --help
+  [PASS] live nat --help
+  [PASS] audit list --help
+  [PASS] audit show --help
+  [PASS] backup create --help
+  [PASS] backup list --help
+  [PASS] backup show --help
+  [PASS] backup verify --help
+  [PASS] backup restore --help
+  [PASS] backup delete --help
+  [PASS] nat status --help
+  [PASS] nat enable --help
+  [PASS] nat disable --help
+  [PASS] nat list --help
+  [PASS] nat sync --help
+  [PASS] peer list --help
+  [PASS] peer show --help
+  [PASS] peer create --help
+  [PASS] peer update --help
+  [PASS] peer enable --help
+  [PASS] peer disable --help
+  [PASS] peer revoke --help
+  [PASS] peer delete --help
+  [PASS] peer status --help
+  [PASS] peer config --help
+  [PASS] peer qr --help
+  [PASS] peer expire --help
+  [PASS] peer lifecycle --help
+  [PASS] reconcile status --help
+  [PASS] reconcile plan --help
+  [PASS] reconcile apply --help
+  [PASS] reconcile verify --help
+  [PASS] system info --help
+  [PASS] system health --help
+  [PASS] system settings --help
+  [PASS] profile list --help
+  [PASS] profile show --help
+  [PASS] profile validate --help
+  [PASS] profile resolve --help
+  [PASS] network list --help
+  [PASS] network show --help
+  [PASS] network create --help
+  [PASS] network update --help
+  [PASS] network delete --help
+  [PASS] network available --help
+  [PASS] network allocations --help
+  [PASS] firewall list --help
+  [PASS] firewall show --help
+  [PASS] firewall add --help
+  [PASS] firewall update --help
+  [PASS] firewall delete --help
+  [PASS] firewall enable --help
+  [PASS] firewall disable --help
+  [PASS] firewall status --help
+  [PASS] firewall sync --help
+  [PASS] forwarding status --help
+  [PASS] forwarding enable --help
+  [PASS] forwarding disable --help
+  [PASS] forwarding sync --help
+  [PASS] interface list --help
+  [PASS] interface show --help
+  [PASS] interface create --help
+  [PASS] interface update --help
+  [PASS] interface enable --help
+  [PASS] interface disable --help
+  [PASS] interface delete --help
+  [PASS] interface status --help
+  [PASS] interface reconcile --help
+  [PASS] route list --help
+  [PASS] route show --help
+  [PASS] route add --help
+  [PASS] route update --help
+  [PASS] route delete --help
+  [PASS] route status --help
+  [PASS] route sync --help
+  [PASS] admin status --help
+  [PASS] admin create --help
+  [PASS] admin password --help
+  [PASS] admin sessions --help
+  [PASS] admin tokens --help
+
+============================================================================
+  05 — Administrator Bootstrap
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Initialize administrator with generated password
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db init --generate-password --write-password-file /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/admin-password
+  [PASS] Initialize administrator with generated password
+2026-08-16T10:46:32.751782Z  INFO nx9_wg_api::auth::bootstrap: Administrator initialized successfully username=admin source=secure random generation
+Administrator initialized successfully.
+  Username: admin
+  Source:   secure random generation
+
+  Generated Password (SAVE THIS IMMEDIATELY):
+  ========================================
+  q2YKIjqIogWH=t9ISk@m#Bug
+  ========================================
+
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32.751497912
+  id                      : 1
+  last_login_at           : null
+  last_login_ip           : null
+  password_hash           : $argon2id$v=19$m=19456,t=2,p=1$hQkBKcRbtIXRHCv6OuOUfA$qqbIvjMslEdA7OCPEYpcRjYtgmejjAan6Fxhday9GLM
+  totp_enabled            : false
+  totp_secret             : null
+  updated_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32.751497912
+  username                : admin
+  [PASS] Generated administrator password file exists
+
+============================================================================
+  06 — System
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> System info
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db system info
+  [PASS] System info
+  arch                    : x86_64
+  config_file             : /etc/nx9-wg/config.toml
+  data_dir                : /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data
+  database_path           : /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db
+  log_level               : info
+  os                      : linux
+  reconciliation_interval_secs: 60
+  session_expiry_hours    : 24
+  version                 : 0.1.0
+
+  >>> System health
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db system health
+  [PASS] System health
+  database                : connected
+  status                  : healthy
+  timestamp               : 2026-08-16T10:46:32.762713232+00:00
+
+  >>> System info JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json system info
+  [PASS] System info JSON
+{
+  "arch": "x86_64",
+  "config_file": "/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml",
+  "data_dir": "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data",
+  "database_path": "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db",
+  "log_level": "info",
+  "os": "linux",
+  "reconciliation_interval_secs": 60,
+  "session_expiry_hours": 24,
+  "version": "0.1.0"
+}
+
+  >>> System health JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json system health
+  [PASS] System health JSON
+{
+  "database": "connected",
+  "status": "healthy",
+  "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:32.773865263+00:00"
+}
+
+  >>> System info YAML
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format yaml system info
+  [PASS] System info YAML
+arch: "x86_64"
+config_file: "/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml"
+data_dir: "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data"
+database_path: "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db"
+log_level: "info"
+os: "linux"
+reconciliation_interval_secs: 60
+session_expiry_hours: 24
+version: "0.1.0"
+
+  >>> System health CSV
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format csv system health
+  [PASS] System health CSV
+database,status,timestamp
+connected,healthy,2026-08-16T10:46:32.785108766+00:00
+
+============================================================================
+  07 — Administrator / Authentication
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Admin status
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db admin status
+  [PASS] Admin status
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+  last_login_at           : null
+  last_login_ip           : null
+  totp_enabled            : false
+  username                : admin
+
+  >>> Admin status JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json admin status
+  [PASS] Admin status JSON
+{
+  "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+  "last_login_at": null,
+  "last_login_ip": null,
+  "totp_enabled": false,
+  "username": "admin"
+}
+
+============================================================================
+  08 — Client Environment / MTU Profiles
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Profile list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile list
+  [PASS] Profile list
+[
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "android",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "android-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Android Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Default CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Default Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "web",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-web",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Web",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wifi",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wifi",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wi-Fi",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wired",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wired",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wired",
+    "nat_type": "direct",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "jio-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Jio Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "jio",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "starlink-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Starlink CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "starlink",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "tmobile-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "T-Mobile Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "tmobile",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "verizon-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Verizon Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "verizon",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "ios",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "ios-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "iOS Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Profile list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile list
+  [PASS] Profile list JSON
+[
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "android",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "android-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Android Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Default CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Default Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "web",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-web",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Web",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wifi",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wifi",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wi-Fi",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wired",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wired",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wired",
+    "nat_type": "direct",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "jio-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Jio Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "jio",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "starlink-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Starlink CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "starlink",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "tmobile-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "T-Mobile Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "tmobile",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "verizon-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Verizon Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "verizon",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "ios",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "ios-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "iOS Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Default mobile profile
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile show default-mobile
+  [PASS] Default mobile profile
+  connection_type         : mobile
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+  description             : Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive
+  device                  : null
+  dns                     : null
+  id                      : default-mobile
+  is_builtin              : true
+  mtu                     : 1280
+  name                    : Default Mobile
+  nat_type                : unknown
+  persistent_keepalive    : 25
+  provider                : null
+  updated_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+
+  >>> Default CGNAT profile
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile show default-cgnat
+  [PASS] Default CGNAT profile
+  connection_type         : other
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+  description             : Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive
+  device                  : null
+  dns                     : null
+  id                      : default-cgnat
+  is_builtin              : true
+  mtu                     : 1360
+  name                    : Default CGNAT
+  nat_type                : cgnat
+  persistent_keepalive    : 25
+  provider                : null
+  updated_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+
+  >>> Default Wi-Fi profile
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile show default-wifi
+  [PASS] Default Wi-Fi profile
+  connection_type         : wifi
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+  description             : Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive
+  device                  : null
+  dns                     : null
+  id                      : default-wifi
+  is_builtin              : true
+  mtu                     : 1420
+  name                    : Default Wi-Fi
+  nat_type                : unknown
+  persistent_keepalive    : 25
+  provider                : null
+  updated_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+
+  >>> Default Web profile
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile show default-web
+  [PASS] Default Web profile
+  connection_type         : web
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+  description             : Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive
+  device                  : null
+  dns                     : null
+  id                      : default-web
+  is_builtin              : true
+  mtu                     : 1420
+  name                    : Default Web
+  nat_type                : unknown
+  persistent_keepalive    : 25
+  provider                : null
+  updated_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+
+  >>> Default Wired profile
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile show default-wired
+  [PASS] Default Wired profile
+  connection_type         : wired
+  created_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+  description             : High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive
+  device                  : null
+  dns                     : null
+  id                      : default-wired
+  is_builtin              : true
+  mtu                     : 1420
+  name                    : Default Wired
+  nat_type                : direct
+  persistent_keepalive    : 25
+  provider                : null
+  updated_at              : 2026-08-16T10:46:32
+
+  >>> Validate MTU 1280
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile validate 1280
+  [PASS] Validate MTU 1280
+  is_jumbo                : false
+  message                 : MTU is in valid standard range (1280-1500)
+  mtu                     : 1280
+  valid                   : true
+
+  >>> Validate MTU 1360
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile validate 1360
+  [PASS] Validate MTU 1360
+  is_jumbo                : false
+  message                 : MTU is in valid standard range (1280-1500)
+  mtu                     : 1360
+  valid                   : true
+
+  >>> Validate MTU 1420
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile validate 1420
+  [PASS] Validate MTU 1420
+  is_jumbo                : false
+  message                 : MTU is in valid standard range (1280-1500)
+  mtu                     : 1420
+  valid                   : true
+
+  >>> Validate MTU 1500
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db profile validate 1500
+  [PASS] Validate MTU 1500
+  is_jumbo                : false
+  message                 : MTU is in valid standard range (1280-1500)
+  mtu                     : 1500
+  valid                   : true
+
+  >>> Resolve Android Mobile CGNAT
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --connection mobile --device android --nat cgnat
+  [PASS] Resolve Android Mobile CGNAT
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "android-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Android Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": "android",
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1280,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": null,
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve iOS Mobile CGNAT
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --connection mobile --device ios --nat cgnat
+  [PASS] Resolve iOS Mobile CGNAT
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "ios-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "iOS Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": "ios",
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1280,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": null,
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve Linux Wi-Fi Direct
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --connection wifi --device linux --nat direct
+  [PASS] Resolve Linux Wi-Fi Direct
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "default-wifi",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Default Wi-Fi",
+  "connection_type": "wifi",
+  "device": "linux",
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1420,
+  "nat_type": "direct",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": null,
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve Windows Wired
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --connection wired --device windows --nat direct
+  [PASS] Resolve Windows Wired
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "default-wired",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Default Wired",
+  "connection_type": "wired",
+  "device": "windows",
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1420,
+  "nat_type": "direct",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": null,
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve Jio Mobile CGNAT
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --provider jio --connection mobile --nat cgnat
+  [PASS] Resolve Jio Mobile CGNAT
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "jio-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Jio Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": null,
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1280,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": "jio",
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve T-Mobile Mobile CGNAT
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --provider tmobile --connection mobile --nat cgnat
+  [PASS] Resolve T-Mobile Mobile CGNAT
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "tmobile-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "T-Mobile Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": null,
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1280,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": "tmobile",
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve Verizon Mobile CGNAT
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --provider verizon --connection mobile --nat cgnat
+  [PASS] Resolve Verizon Mobile CGNAT
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "verizon-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Verizon Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": null,
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1280,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": "verizon",
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve Starlink CGNAT
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --provider starlink --connection other --nat cgnat
+  [PASS] Resolve Starlink CGNAT
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "starlink-cgnat",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Starlink CGNAT",
+  "connection_type": "other",
+  "device": null,
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1360,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": "starlink",
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve manual MTU override
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --connection mobile --device android --nat cgnat --mtu 1300
+  [PASS] Resolve manual MTU override
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "android-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Android Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": "android",
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": true,
+  "mtu": 1300,
+  "nat_type": "cgnat",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": null,
+  "warning": "Client MTU has been manually overridden by administrator."
+}
+
+  >>> Resolve explicit profile
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile resolve --profile android-mobile
+  [PASS] Resolve explicit profile
+{
+  "applied_profile_id": "android-mobile",
+  "applied_profile_name": "Android Mobile",
+  "connection_type": "mobile",
+  "device": "android",
+  "dns": null,
+  "is_manually_overridden": false,
+  "mtu": 1280,
+  "nat_type": "unknown",
+  "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+  "provider": null,
+  "warning": null
+}
+
+============================================================================
+  09 — Network Management
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Network list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db network list
+  [PASS] Network list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Network list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json network list
+  [PASS] Network list JSON
+[]
+
+============================================================================
+  10 — WireGuard Interface Management
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Interface list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db interface list
+  [PASS] Interface list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Interface list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json interface list
+  [PASS] Interface list JSON
+[]
+
+============================================================================
+  11 — Peer Management
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Peer list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db peer list
+  [PASS] Peer list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Peer list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json peer list
+  [PASS] Peer list JSON
+[]
+
+============================================================================
+  12 — Routing
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Route list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db route list
+  [PASS] Route list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Route list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json route list
+  [PASS] Route list JSON
+[]
+
+============================================================================
+  13 — Firewall
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Firewall list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db firewall list
+  [PASS] Firewall list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Firewall list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json firewall list
+  [PASS] Firewall list JSON
+[]
+
+============================================================================
+  14 — NAT
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> NAT status
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db nat status
+  [PASS] NAT status
+  managed_subnets         : []
+  nat_masquerade_enabled  : true
+  table                   : inet nx9_wg
+
+  >>> NAT list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db nat list
+  [PASS] NAT list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> NAT status JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json nat status
+  [PASS] NAT status JSON
+{
+  "managed_subnets": [],
+  "nat_masquerade_enabled": true,
+  "table": "inet nx9_wg"
+}
+
+============================================================================
+  15 — IP Forwarding
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Forwarding status
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db forwarding status
+  [PASS] Forwarding status
+  ipv4_enabled            : false
+  ipv6_enabled            : false
+
+  >>> Forwarding status JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json forwarding status
+  [PASS] Forwarding status JSON
+{
+  "ipv4_enabled": false,
+  "ipv6_enabled": false
+}
+
+============================================================================
+  16 — Reconciliation
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Reconciliation status
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db reconcile status
+  [PASS] Reconciliation status
+  drift_detected          : false
+  firewall_changes        : 0
+  interface_changes       : 0
+  peer_changes            : 0
+  route_changes           : 0
+
+  >>> Reconciliation plan
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db reconcile plan
+  [PASS] Reconciliation plan
+  actions                 : []
+  firewall_changes        : 0
+  forwarding_changes      : 0
+  has_drift               : false
+  interface_changes       : 0
+  peer_changes            : 0
+  route_changes           : 0
+
+  >>> Reconciliation verify
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db reconcile verify
+  [PASS] Reconciliation verify
+Zero drift detected: SQLite and kernel state are in full synchronization.
+
+  >>> Reconciliation status JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json reconcile status
+  [PASS] Reconciliation status JSON
+{
+  "drift_detected": false,
+  "firewall_changes": 0,
+  "interface_changes": 0,
+  "peer_changes": 0,
+  "route_changes": 0
+}
+
+============================================================================
+  17 — Backup
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Backup list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db backup list
+  [PASS] Backup list
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Backup list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json backup list
+  [PASS] Backup list JSON
+[]
+
+============================================================================
+  18 — Audit
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Audit list
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db audit list
+  [PASS] Audit list
+[
+  {
+    "actor": "admin",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "event_type": "admin_initialized",
+    "id": 1,
+    "ip_address": null,
+    "message": "Administrator initialized via secure random generation",
+    "metadata": null,
+    "resource_id": "1",
+    "resource_type": "admin"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Audit list JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json audit list
+  [PASS] Audit list JSON
+[
+  {
+    "actor": "admin",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "event_type": "admin_initialized",
+    "id": 1,
+    "ip_address": null,
+    "message": "Administrator initialized via secure random generation",
+    "metadata": null,
+    "resource_id": "1",
+    "resource_type": "admin"
+  }
+]
+
+============================================================================
+  19 — Live Linux State
+============================================================================
+  [SKIP] Live interface list — use LIVE=1
+  [SKIP] Live peer list — use LIVE=1
+  [SKIP] Live routes — use LIVE=1
+  [SKIP] Live firewall — use LIVE=1
+  [SKIP] Live forwarding — use LIVE=1
+  [SKIP] Live NAT — use LIVE=1
+
+============================================================================
+  20 — Native Diagnostics
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Diagnostics all
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics all
+  [PASS] Diagnostics all
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "hostname",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System hostname read successfully",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "thakares-ideapad",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "os_architecture",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Supported target platform",
+        "expected_value": "linux-*",
+        "observed_value": "linux-x86_64",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "kernel_version",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Linux kernel release inspected",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "7.1.8-arch1-3",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "memory_status",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System memory available",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "MemTotal:       28526564 kB",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "sqlite_persistence",
+        "diagnostic_message": "SQLite WAL persistence layer is responsive",
+        "expected_value": "connected_and_healthy",
+        "observed_value": "connected_and_healthy",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "system",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.050682139"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "linux_network_interfaces",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Network interfaces discovered in kernel",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "2 interfaces (lo, wlp2s0)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "dns_nameservers",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System DNS nameservers configured",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "127.0.0.1",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "network",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.050715281"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "default_gateway_route",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Default route to WAN/gateway is present",
+        "expected_value": "default_gateway_present",
+        "observed_value": "default_gateway_present",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "wan",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.050732183"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "configured_interfaces",
+        "diagnostic_message": "No WireGuard interfaces configured yet",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 interfaces",
+        "remediation_hint": "Create an interface using 'nx9-wg interface create'",
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "wireguard",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.050785273"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "configured_routes",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Kernel routing rules configured in database",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 total (0 active)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "routing",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.051082712"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "ipv4_forwarding",
+        "diagnostic_message": "IPv4 packet forwarding is disabled in sysctl; VPN clients cannot route traffic",
+        "expected_value": "enabled",
+        "observed_value": "disabled",
+        "remediation_hint": "Enable IP forwarding with 'nx9-wg forwarding enable'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "forwarding",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.051118900"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "firewall_rules_count",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Configured nftables packet filtering rules",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 total (0 active)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "nftables_table_nx9_wg",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Dedicated table inet nx9_wg presence in kernel nftables",
+        "expected_value": "active",
+        "observed_value": "not_loaded",
+        "remediation_hint": "Synchronize firewall with 'nx9-wg firewall sync'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "firewall",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.051174264"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "nat_setting",
+        "diagnostic_message": "NAT masquerade setting configured in database",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "enabled",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "nat",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.051223957"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_mobile_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for mobile/cellular connections is 1280 to prevent carrier fragmentation",
+        "expected_value": "1280 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1280 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_cgnat_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for CGNAT connections is 1360 to accommodate carrier-grade NAT encapsulation",
+        "expected_value": "1360 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1360 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_wifi_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for standard Wi-Fi and wired connections is 1420 bytes",
+        "expected_value": "1420 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1420 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "mtu",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.051301413"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "overall_drift",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Discrepancies detected between SQLite desired state and Linux kernel state",
+        "expected_value": "zero_drift",
+        "observed_value": "1 drift actions pending",
+        "remediation_hint": "Execute 'nx9-wg reconcile apply' to synchronize changes",
+        "status": "warning"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "drift:forwarding:enable_forwarding",
+        "diagnostic_message": "IPv4 forwarding is disabled in kernel sysctl; enable for VPN routing",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "ipv4_forward",
+        "remediation_hint": "Run 'nx9-wg reconcile apply'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "reconciliation",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.051662923"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics all JSON
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json diagnostics all
+  [PASS] Diagnostics all JSON
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "hostname",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System hostname read successfully",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "thakares-ideapad",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "os_architecture",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Supported target platform",
+        "expected_value": "linux-*",
+        "observed_value": "linux-x86_64",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "kernel_version",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Linux kernel release inspected",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "7.1.8-arch1-3",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "memory_status",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System memory available",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "MemTotal:       28526564 kB",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "sqlite_persistence",
+        "diagnostic_message": "SQLite WAL persistence layer is responsive",
+        "expected_value": "connected_and_healthy",
+        "observed_value": "connected_and_healthy",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "system",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.056557217"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "linux_network_interfaces",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Network interfaces discovered in kernel",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "2 interfaces (lo, wlp2s0)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "dns_nameservers",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System DNS nameservers configured",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "127.0.0.1",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "network",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.056588836"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "default_gateway_route",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Default route to WAN/gateway is present",
+        "expected_value": "default_gateway_present",
+        "observed_value": "default_gateway_present",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "wan",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.056605968"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "configured_interfaces",
+        "diagnostic_message": "No WireGuard interfaces configured yet",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 interfaces",
+        "remediation_hint": "Create an interface using 'nx9-wg interface create'",
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "wireguard",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.056658106"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "configured_routes",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Kernel routing rules configured in database",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 total (0 active)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "routing",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.056971756"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "ipv4_forwarding",
+        "diagnostic_message": "IPv4 packet forwarding is disabled in sysctl; VPN clients cannot route traffic",
+        "expected_value": "enabled",
+        "observed_value": "disabled",
+        "remediation_hint": "Enable IP forwarding with 'nx9-wg forwarding enable'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "forwarding",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.056994549"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "firewall_rules_count",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Configured nftables packet filtering rules",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 total (0 active)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "nftables_table_nx9_wg",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Dedicated table inet nx9_wg presence in kernel nftables",
+        "expected_value": "active",
+        "observed_value": "not_loaded",
+        "remediation_hint": "Synchronize firewall with 'nx9-wg firewall sync'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "firewall",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.057044072"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "nat_setting",
+        "diagnostic_message": "NAT masquerade setting configured in database",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "enabled",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "nat",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.057081563"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_mobile_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for mobile/cellular connections is 1280 to prevent carrier fragmentation",
+        "expected_value": "1280 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1280 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_cgnat_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for CGNAT connections is 1360 to accommodate carrier-grade NAT encapsulation",
+        "expected_value": "1360 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1360 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_wifi_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for standard Wi-Fi and wired connections is 1420 bytes",
+        "expected_value": "1420 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1420 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "mtu",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.057185478"
+  },
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "overall_drift",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Discrepancies detected between SQLite desired state and Linux kernel state",
+        "expected_value": "zero_drift",
+        "observed_value": "1 drift actions pending",
+        "remediation_hint": "Execute 'nx9-wg reconcile apply' to synchronize changes",
+        "status": "warning"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "drift:forwarding:enable_forwarding",
+        "diagnostic_message": "IPv4 forwarding is disabled in kernel sysctl; enable for VPN routing",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "ipv4_forward",
+        "remediation_hint": "Run 'nx9-wg reconcile apply'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "reconciliation",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.057552368"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: system
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics system
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: system
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "hostname",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System hostname read successfully",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "thakares-ideapad",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "os_architecture",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Supported target platform",
+        "expected_value": "linux-*",
+        "observed_value": "linux-x86_64",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "kernel_version",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Linux kernel release inspected",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "7.1.8-arch1-3",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "memory_status",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System memory available",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "MemTotal:       28526564 kB",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "sqlite_persistence",
+        "diagnostic_message": "SQLite WAL persistence layer is responsive",
+        "expected_value": "connected_and_healthy",
+        "observed_value": "connected_and_healthy",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "system",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.063582958"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: network
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics network
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: network
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "linux_network_interfaces",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Network interfaces discovered in kernel",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "2 interfaces (lo, wlp2s0)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "dns_nameservers",
+        "diagnostic_message": "System DNS nameservers configured",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "127.0.0.1",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "network",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.068654886"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: wan
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics wan
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: wan
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "default_gateway_route",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Default route to WAN/gateway is present",
+        "expected_value": "default_gateway_present",
+        "observed_value": "default_gateway_present",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "wan",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.073128679"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: wireguard
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics wireguard
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: wireguard
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "configured_interfaces",
+        "diagnostic_message": "No WireGuard interfaces configured yet",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 interfaces",
+        "remediation_hint": "Create an interface using 'nx9-wg interface create'",
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "wireguard",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.077978869"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: routing
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics routing
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: routing
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "configured_routes",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Kernel routing rules configured in database",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 total (0 active)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "routing",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.082776662"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: forwarding
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics forwarding
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: forwarding
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "ipv4_forwarding",
+        "diagnostic_message": "IPv4 packet forwarding is disabled in sysctl; VPN clients cannot route traffic",
+        "expected_value": "enabled",
+        "observed_value": "disabled",
+        "remediation_hint": "Enable IP forwarding with 'nx9-wg forwarding enable'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "forwarding",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.087615541"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: firewall
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics firewall
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: firewall
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "firewall_rules_count",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Configured nftables packet filtering rules",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "0 total (0 active)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "nftables_table_nx9_wg",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Dedicated table inet nx9_wg presence in kernel nftables",
+        "expected_value": "active",
+        "observed_value": "not_loaded",
+        "remediation_hint": "Synchronize firewall with 'nx9-wg firewall sync'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "firewall",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.092628117"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: nat
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics nat
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: nat
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "nat_setting",
+        "diagnostic_message": "NAT masquerade setting configured in database",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "enabled",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "nat",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.098748636"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: mtu
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics mtu
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: mtu
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_mobile_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for mobile/cellular connections is 1280 to prevent carrier fragmentation",
+        "expected_value": "1280 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1280 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_cgnat_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for CGNAT connections is 1360 to accommodate carrier-grade NAT encapsulation",
+        "expected_value": "1360 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1360 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "client_profile_wifi_recommendation",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Recommended MTU for standard Wi-Fi and wired connections is 1420 bytes",
+        "expected_value": "1420 bytes",
+        "observed_value": "1420 bytes (keepalive: 25s)",
+        "remediation_hint": null,
+        "status": "pass"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "pass",
+    "subsystem": "mtu",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.104585472"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Diagnostics: reconciliation
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db diagnostics reconciliation
+  [PASS] Diagnostics: reconciliation
+[
+  {
+    "checks": [
+      {
+        "check_name": "overall_drift",
+        "diagnostic_message": "Discrepancies detected between SQLite desired state and Linux kernel state",
+        "expected_value": "zero_drift",
+        "observed_value": "1 drift actions pending",
+        "remediation_hint": "Execute 'nx9-wg reconcile apply' to synchronize changes",
+        "status": "warning"
+      },
+      {
+        "check_name": "drift:forwarding:enable_forwarding",
+        "diagnostic_message": "IPv4 forwarding is disabled in kernel sysctl; enable for VPN routing",
+        "expected_value": null,
+        "observed_value": "ipv4_forward",
+        "remediation_hint": "Run 'nx9-wg reconcile apply'",
+        "status": "warning"
+      }
+    ],
+    "overall_status": "warning",
+    "subsystem": "reconciliation",
+    "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.109960921"
+  }
+]
+  [SKIP] Diagnostics: peer — requires LIVE=1 and peer context
+
+============================================================================
+  21 — Output Format Matrix
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Network list — table
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format table network list
+  [PASS] Network list — table
+(No items found)
+
+  >>> Profile list — table
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format table profile list
+  [PASS] Profile list — table
+[
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "android",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "android-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Android Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Default CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Default Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "web",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-web",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Web",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wifi",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wifi",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wi-Fi",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wired",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wired",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wired",
+    "nat_type": "direct",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "jio-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Jio Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "jio",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "starlink-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Starlink CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "starlink",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "tmobile-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "T-Mobile Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "tmobile",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "verizon-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Verizon Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "verizon",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "ios",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "ios-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "iOS Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> System info — table
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format table system info
+  [PASS] System info — table
+  arch                    : x86_64
+  config_file             : /etc/nx9-wg/config.toml
+  data_dir                : /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data
+  database_path           : /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db
+  log_level               : info
+  os                      : linux
+  reconciliation_interval_secs: 60
+  session_expiry_hours    : 24
+  version                 : 0.1.0
+
+  >>> System health — table
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format table system health
+  [PASS] System health — table
+  database                : connected
+  status                  : healthy
+  timestamp               : 2026-08-16T10:46:33.133881082+00:00
+
+  >>> Audit list — table
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format table audit list
+  [PASS] Audit list — table
+[
+  {
+    "actor": "admin",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "event_type": "admin_initialized",
+    "id": 1,
+    "ip_address": null,
+    "message": "Administrator initialized via secure random generation",
+    "metadata": null,
+    "resource_id": "1",
+    "resource_type": "admin"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Network list — json
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json network list
+  [PASS] Network list — json
+[]
+
+  >>> Profile list — json
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json profile list
+  [PASS] Profile list — json
+[
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "android",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "android-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Android Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Default CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Default Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "web",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-web",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Web",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wifi",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wifi",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wi-Fi",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "wired",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "default-wired",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1420,
+    "name": "Default Wired",
+    "nat_type": "direct",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "jio-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Jio Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "jio",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "other",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "starlink-cgnat",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1360,
+    "name": "Starlink CGNAT",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "starlink",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "tmobile-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "T-Mobile Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "tmobile",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": null,
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "verizon-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "Verizon Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "cgnat",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": "verizon",
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  },
+  {
+    "connection_type": "mobile",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "description": "Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive",
+    "device": "ios",
+    "dns": null,
+    "id": "ios-mobile",
+    "is_builtin": true,
+    "mtu": 1280,
+    "name": "iOS Mobile",
+    "nat_type": "unknown",
+    "persistent_keepalive": 25,
+    "provider": null,
+    "updated_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> System info — json
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json system info
+  [PASS] System info — json
+{
+  "arch": "x86_64",
+  "config_file": "/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml",
+  "data_dir": "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data",
+  "database_path": "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db",
+  "log_level": "info",
+  "os": "linux",
+  "reconciliation_interval_secs": 60,
+  "session_expiry_hours": 24,
+  "version": "0.1.0"
+}
+
+  >>> System health — json
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json system health
+  [PASS] System health — json
+{
+  "database": "connected",
+  "status": "healthy",
+  "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.161200976+00:00"
+}
+
+  >>> Audit list — json
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format json audit list
+  [PASS] Audit list — json
+[
+  {
+    "actor": "admin",
+    "created_at": "2026-08-16T10:46:32",
+    "event_type": "admin_initialized",
+    "id": 1,
+    "ip_address": null,
+    "message": "Administrator initialized via secure random generation",
+    "metadata": null,
+    "resource_id": "1",
+    "resource_type": "admin"
+  }
+]
+
+  >>> Network list — yaml
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format yaml network list
+  [PASS] Network list — yaml
+
+  >>> Profile list — yaml
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format yaml profile list
+  [PASS] Profile list — yaml
+-
+  connection_type: "mobile"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: "android"
+  dns: null
+  id: "android-mobile"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1280
+  name: "Android Mobile"
+  nat_type: "unknown"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "other"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "default-cgnat"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1360
+  name: "Default CGNAT"
+  nat_type: "cgnat"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "mobile"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "default-mobile"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1280
+  name: "Default Mobile"
+  nat_type: "unknown"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "web"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "default-web"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1420
+  name: "Default Web"
+  nat_type: "unknown"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "wifi"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "default-wifi"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1420
+  name: "Default Wi-Fi"
+  nat_type: "unknown"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "wired"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "default-wired"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1420
+  name: "Default Wired"
+  nat_type: "direct"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "mobile"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "jio-mobile"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1280
+  name: "Jio Mobile"
+  nat_type: "cgnat"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: "jio"
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "other"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "starlink-cgnat"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1360
+  name: "Starlink CGNAT"
+  nat_type: "cgnat"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: "starlink"
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "mobile"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "tmobile-mobile"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1280
+  name: "T-Mobile Mobile"
+  nat_type: "cgnat"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: "tmobile"
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "mobile"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: null
+  dns: null
+  id: "verizon-mobile"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1280
+  name: "Verizon Mobile"
+  nat_type: "cgnat"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: "verizon"
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+-
+  connection_type: "mobile"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  description: "Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive"
+  device: "ios"
+  dns: null
+  id: "ios-mobile"
+  is_builtin: true
+  mtu: 1280
+  name: "iOS Mobile"
+  nat_type: "unknown"
+  persistent_keepalive: 25
+  provider: null
+  updated_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+
+  >>> System info — yaml
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format yaml system info
+  [PASS] System info — yaml
+arch: "x86_64"
+config_file: "/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml"
+data_dir: "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data"
+database_path: "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db"
+log_level: "info"
+os: "linux"
+reconciliation_interval_secs: 60
+session_expiry_hours: 24
+version: "0.1.0"
+
+  >>> System health — yaml
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format yaml system health
+  [PASS] System health — yaml
+database: "connected"
+status: "healthy"
+timestamp: "2026-08-16T10:46:33.188558932+00:00"
+
+  >>> Audit list — yaml
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format yaml audit list
+  [PASS] Audit list — yaml
+-
+  actor: "admin"
+  created_at: "2026-08-16T10:46:32"
+  event_type: "admin_initialized"
+  id: 1
+  ip_address: null
+  message: "Administrator initialized via secure random generation"
+  metadata: null
+  resource_id: "1"
+  resource_type: "admin"
+
+  >>> Network list — csv
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format csv network list
+  [PASS] Network list — csv
+
+  >>> Profile list — csv
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format csv profile list
+  [PASS] Profile list — csv
+connection_type,created_at,description,device,dns,id,is_builtin,mtu,name,nat_type,persistent_keepalive,provider,updated_at
+mobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Android cellular client profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive,android,null,android-mobile,true,1280,Android Mobile,unknown,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+other,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Carrier-grade NAT environment profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,default-cgnat,true,1360,Default CGNAT,cgnat,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+mobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Standard mobile carrier profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,default-mobile,true,1280,Default Mobile,unknown,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+web,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Standard Web client profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,default-web,true,1420,Default Web,unknown,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+wifi,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Standard Wi-Fi wireless profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,default-wifi,true,1420,Default Wi-Fi,unknown,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+wired,2026-08-16T10:46:32,High-throughput wired Ethernet profile with 1420 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,default-wired,true,1420,Default Wired,direct,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+mobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Reliance Jio 4G/5G mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,jio-mobile,true,1280,Jio Mobile,cgnat,25,jio,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+other,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Starlink satellite CGNAT profile with 1360 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,starlink-cgnat,true,1360,Starlink CGNAT,cgnat,25,starlink,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+mobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32,T-Mobile US IPv6/CGNAT mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,tmobile-mobile,true,1280,T-Mobile Mobile,cgnat,25,tmobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+mobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Verizon Wireless mobile profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive,null,null,verizon-mobile,true,1280,Verizon Mobile,cgnat,25,verizon,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+mobile,2026-08-16T10:46:32,Apple iOS cellular profile with 1280 MTU and 25s keepalive,ios,null,ios-mobile,true,1280,iOS Mobile,unknown,25,null,2026-08-16T10:46:32
+
+  >>> System info — csv
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format csv system info
+  [PASS] System info — csv
+arch,config_file,data_dir,database_path,log_level,os,reconciliation_interval_secs,session_expiry_hours,version
+x86_64,/etc/nx9-wg/config.toml,/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data,/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db,info,linux,60,24,0.1.0
+
+  >>> System health — csv
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format csv system health
+  [PASS] System health — csv
+database,status,timestamp
+connected,healthy,2026-08-16T10:46:33.216139326+00:00
+
+  >>> Audit list — csv
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --format csv audit list
+  [PASS] Audit list — csv
+actor,created_at,event_type,id,ip_address,message,metadata,resource_id,resource_type
+admin,2026-08-16T10:46:32,admin_initialized,1,null,Administrator initialized via secure random generation,null,1,admin
+
+============================================================================
+  22 — Global CLI Options
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Quiet mode
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --quiet system health
+  [PASS] Quiet mode
+  database                : connected
+  status                  : healthy
+  timestamp               : 2026-08-16T10:46:33.227314621+00:00
+
+  >>> JSON shortcut
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --json system health
+  [PASS] JSON shortcut
+{
+  "database": "connected",
+  "status": "healthy",
+  "timestamp": "2026-08-16T10:46:33.233149022+00:00"
+}
+
+  >>> Verbose mode
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db --verbose system health
+  [PASS] Verbose mode
+  database                : connected
+  status                  : healthy
+  timestamp               : 2026-08-16T10:46:33.238155166+00:00
+
+============================================================================
+  23 — NX9_WG_* Environment Namespace
+============================================================================
+  [PASS] NX9_WG_LOG_LEVEL accepted
+
+============================================================================
+  24 — Explicit Database Path Resolution
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Explicit nested database path
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --database /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/explicit/nested/nx9-wg.db system health
+  [FAIL] Explicit nested database path (exit=1)
+      --- stderr ---
+      Error: Sqlx(Database(SqliteError { code: 14, message: "unable to open database file" }))
+  [FAIL] Explicit database file created
+
+============================================================================
+  25 — Data Directory Resolution
+============================================================================
+
+  >>> Database created from data-dir
+      /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg --data-dir /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data-only system health
+  [PASS] Database created from data-dir
+  database                : connected
+  status                  : healthy
+  timestamp               : 2026-08-16T10:46:33.256892811+00:00
+  [PASS] Database exists below data-dir: /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data-only/nx9-wg.db
+
+============================================================================
+  26 — Source-Level Architecture Safety
+============================================================================
+  [PASS] No external subprocess invocation in production Rust
+  [PASS] No forbidden technical-debt markers
+  [PASS] SQL isolated from application root
+
+============================================================================
+  27 — Environment Variable Namespace Source Audit
+============================================================================
+  [PASS] No suspicious environment namespace references
+
+============================================================================
+  28 — FINAL VERIFICATION SUMMARY
+============================================================================
+
+  Binary:
+    /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg/target/release/nx9-wg
+
+  Project:
+    /mnt/Programs/nx9-wg
+
+  Temporary test root:
+    /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB
+
+  Test database:
+    /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db
+
+  LIVE mode:
+    0
+
+  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  PASS : 199
+  FAIL : 4
+  SKIP : 7
+  TOTAL: 210
+  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+RESULT: FAIL
+
+One or more verification checks failed.
+
+The temporary environment will be preserved for investigation.
+
+
+============================================================================
+  nx9-wg CLI verification finished
+============================================================================
+
+RESULT: FAIL
+
+  PASS : 199
+  FAIL : 4
+  SKIP : 7
+  TOTAL: 210
+
+Temporary test data PRESERVED for investigation:
+  /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB
+
+Database:
+  /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data/nx9-wg.db
+
+Password file:
+  /tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/admin-password
+
+To inspect:
+  ls -la "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB"
+  ls -la "/tmp/nx9-wg-cli-test.u7uMLB/data"
+
+
diff --git a/tests/test_cli_commands.rs b/tests/test_cli_commands.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32d328c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_cli_commands.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+//! Integration tests for nx9-wg CLI commands across all 16 command groups.
+
+use std::process::Command;
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+fn nx9_bin() -> &'static str {
+    env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_nx9-wg")
+}
+
+struct CliRunner {
+    _temp_dir: TempDir,
+    db_path: String,
+}
+
+impl CliRunner {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let temp_dir = TempDir::new().expect("create temp dir");
+        let db_path = temp_dir
+            .path()
+            .join("test-nx9.db")
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string();
+        Self {
+            _temp_dir: temp_dir,
+            db_path,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn run(&self, args: &[&str]) -> (bool, String, String) {
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(nx9_bin());
+        cmd.arg("--database").arg(&self.db_path);
+        cmd.arg("--quiet");
+        for arg in args {
+            cmd.arg(arg);
+        }
+        let output = cmd.output().expect("execute command");
+        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string();
+        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).to_string();
+        (output.status.success(), stdout, stderr)
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_version_and_formats() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+
+    // Table / text format
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["version"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("nx9-wg"));
+    assert!(out.contains("single_admin_security"));
+
+    // JSON format
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["version", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(v["name"], "nx9-wg");
+    assert_eq!(v["single_admin_security"], true);
+
+    // YAML format
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["version", "--format", "yaml"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("name: \"nx9-wg\""));
+
+    // CSV format
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["version", "--format", "csv"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("nx9-wg"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_admin_init_and_management() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+
+    // Init admin
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok, "init succeeded");
+    assert!(out.contains("Administrator initialized successfully"));
+
+    // Verify admin status
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["admin", "status", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(v["username"], "admin");
+    assert_eq!(v["totp_enabled"], false);
+
+    // Test password update
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["admin", "password", "--new-password", "NewSecretPass456!"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("Administrator password updated successfully"));
+
+    // Test API token creation
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "admin",
+        "tokens",
+        "create",
+        "--name",
+        "ci-deployer",
+        "--days",
+        "30",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("API Token Created"));
+    assert!(out.contains("Secret Token"));
+
+    // List tokens
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["admin", "tokens", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert!(!v.as_array().unwrap().is_empty());
+    let token_id = v[0]["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    // Revoke token
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["admin", "tokens", "revoke", token_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("revoked"));
+
+    // Sessions list
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["admin", "sessions", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Sessions revoke-all
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["admin", "sessions", "revoke-all"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("All active sessions revoked"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_system_commands() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+
+    // Init first
+    runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+
+    // Health
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["system", "health", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(v["status"], "healthy");
+    assert_eq!(v["database"], "connected");
+
+    // Status
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["system", "status", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(v["admin_initialized"], true);
+
+    // Info
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["system", "info", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert!(v["version"].is_string());
+
+    // Settings CRUD
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["system", "settings", "set", "banner", "Welcome to NX9"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["system", "settings", "get", "banner", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(v["value"], "Welcome to NX9");
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["system", "settings", "delete", "banner"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_interface_and_peer_lifecycle() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+    runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+
+    // Create interface
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "interface",
+        "create",
+        "wg0",
+        "--port",
+        "51820",
+        "--address-v4",
+        "10.100.0.1/24",
+        "--dns",
+        "1.1.1.1",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let iface: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(iface["name"], "wg0");
+    let iface_id = iface["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    // Show interface
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["interface", "show", "wg0", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let iface_show: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(iface_show["id"], iface_id);
+
+    // List interfaces
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["interface", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let ifaces: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(ifaces.as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
+
+    // Status
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["interface", "status", "wg0"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Create Peer
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "peer",
+        "create",
+        "--interface",
+        "wg0",
+        "--name",
+        "laptop-alice",
+        "--address-v4",
+        "10.100.0.2/32",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let peer: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(peer["name"], "laptop-alice");
+    let peer_id = peer["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    // Show Peer
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "show", peer_id, "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let peer_show: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(peer_show["id"], peer_id);
+
+    // List Peers
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "list", "--interface", "wg0", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let peers: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(peers.as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
+
+    // Peer Config
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "config", peer_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("[Interface]"));
+    assert!(out.contains("[Peer]"));
+
+    // Peer QR ASCII
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "qr", peer_id, "--qr-format", "terminal"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(!out.is_empty());
+
+    // Peer QR SVG
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "qr", peer_id, "--qr-format", "svg"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("<svg"));
+
+    // Peer Disable & Enable
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "disable", peer_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "enable", peer_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Peer Delete
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "delete", peer_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Interface Delete
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["interface", "delete", "wg0"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_network_routes_firewall_nat_forwarding() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+    runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+
+    // Network CRUD
+    let (ok, out, err) = runner.run(&[
+        "network",
+        "create",
+        "dmz",
+        "192.168.100.0/24",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok, "network create failed: err='{err}', out='{out}'");
+    let net: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    let net_id = net["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["network", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&out)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .len(),
+        1
+    );
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["network", "delete", net_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Route CRUD & Sync
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "route",
+        "add",
+        "--destination",
+        "172.16.0.0/16",
+        "--interface-name",
+        "eth0",
+        "--metric",
+        "100",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let route: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    let route_id = route["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["route", "sync"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["route", "status"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["route", "delete", route_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Firewall CRUD & Sync
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "firewall",
+        "add",
+        "--name",
+        "allow-ssh",
+        "--protocol",
+        "tcp",
+        "--port",
+        "22",
+        "--action",
+        "accept",
+        "--priority",
+        "10",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let fw: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    let fw_id = fw["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["firewall", "sync"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["firewall", "status"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["firewall", "delete", fw_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // NAT management
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["nat", "enable"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["nat", "status"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["nat", "sync"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["nat", "disable"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Forwarding management
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["forwarding", "status"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["forwarding", "enable"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["forwarding", "sync"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_reconciliation_backup_audit_live() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+    runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+
+    // Reconcile commands
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["reconcile", "status"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["reconcile", "plan"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["reconcile", "apply"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["reconcile", "verify"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Backup commands
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "backup",
+        "create",
+        "--description",
+        "auto-cli-test",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let backup_meta: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    let backup_id = backup_meta["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["backup", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&out)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .len(),
+        1
+    );
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["backup", "show", backup_id, "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&out).unwrap()["id"],
+        backup_id
+    );
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["backup", "delete", backup_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    // Audit commands
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["audit", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let events: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert!(!events.as_array().unwrap().is_empty());
+    let event_id = events[0]["id"].as_i64().unwrap();
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["audit", "show", &event_id.to_string(), "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert_eq!(
+        serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&out).unwrap()["id"],
+        event_id
+    );
+
+    // Live commands
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["live", "interface", "list"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["live", "routes"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["live", "firewall"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["live", "forwarding"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["live", "nat"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_wiregui_capabilities() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+    runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+
+    // 1. Diagnostics subsystem
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["diagnostics", "all", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok, "diagnostics all failed: {out}");
+    let diag_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert!(diag_json.as_array().unwrap().len() >= 5);
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["diagnostics", "system", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let sys_diag: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(sys_diag[0]["subsystem"], "system");
+
+    // 2. Network create, available, and allocations
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "network",
+        "create",
+        "corp-lan",
+        "10.88.0.0/24",
+        "--description",
+        "Corporate LAN",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "interface",
+        "create",
+        "wg88",
+        "--address-v4",
+        "10.88.0.1/24",
+        "--port",
+        "51888",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "network",
+        "available",
+        "corp-lan",
+        "--interface",
+        "wg88",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok, "network available failed: {out}");
+    let avail_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(avail_json[0]["available_ip"], "10.88.0.2");
+
+    // 3. Peer create with automatic IP allocation from network
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "peer",
+        "create",
+        "--interface",
+        "wg88",
+        "--name",
+        "auto-ip-peer",
+        "--network",
+        "corp-lan",
+        "--expires-at",
+        "2030-01-01 00:00:00",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok, "peer create failed: {out}");
+    let peer_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    let peer_id = peer_json["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(peer_json["address_v4"], "10.88.0.2/32");
+
+    // Network allocations should now reflect the new peer
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["network", "allocations", "corp-lan", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let alloc_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(alloc_json.as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(alloc_json[0]["ip_address"], "10.88.0.2/32");
+
+    // Next available should now be 10.88.0.3
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "network",
+        "available",
+        "corp-lan",
+        "--interface",
+        "wg88",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let avail_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(avail_json[0]["available_ip"], "10.88.0.3");
+
+    // Peer lifecycle inspection
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "lifecycle", peer_id, "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let life_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(life_json["state"], "active");
+    assert_eq!(life_json["is_expired"], false);
+
+    // Peer expiration
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "expire", peer_id]);
+    assert!(ok);
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "lifecycle", peer_id, "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let life_json2: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(life_json2["state"], "expired");
+    assert_eq!(life_json2["is_expired"], true);
+
+    // 4. Firewall rule with peer association and port range
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "firewall",
+        "add",
+        "--name",
+        "peer-app-range",
+        "--peer",
+        peer_id,
+        "--protocol",
+        "tcp_udp",
+        "--port-range",
+        "8000-8100",
+        "--direction",
+        "forward",
+        "--action",
+        "accept",
+        "--priority",
+        "20",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok, "firewall add failed: {out}");
+    let fw_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(fw_json["peer_id"], peer_id);
+    assert_eq!(fw_json["port_range"], "8000-8100");
+    assert_eq!(fw_json["protocol"], "tcp_udp");
+
+    // List firewall rules filtered by peer
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["firewall", "list", "--peer", peer_id, "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let list_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(list_json.as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cli_client_profile_and_mtu_system() {
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+
+    // 1. Initialize admin, interface, and peer
+    runner.run(&[
+        "init",
+        "--username",
+        "admin",
+        "--password",
+        "AdminPassword123!",
+    ]);
+
+    runner.run(&[
+        "interface",
+        "create",
+        "wg77",
+        "--address-v4",
+        "10.77.0.1/24",
+    ]);
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "peer",
+        "create",
+        "--interface",
+        "wg77",
+        "--name",
+        "alice-phone",
+        "--address-v4",
+        "10.77.0.2/32",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let peer_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    let peer_id = peer_json["id"].as_str().unwrap();
+
+    // 2. Profile List
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["profile", "list", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok, "profile list failed: {out}");
+    let profiles: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert!(profiles.as_array().unwrap().len() >= 10);
+
+    // Filter profile list by connection
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "profile",
+        "list",
+        "--connection",
+        "mobile",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let mob_profiles: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert!(mob_profiles.as_array().unwrap().len() >= 2);
+
+    // 3. Profile Show
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["profile", "show", "default-mobile", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let show_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(show_json["id"], "default-mobile");
+    assert_eq!(show_json["mtu"], 1280);
+    assert_eq!(show_json["connection_type"], "mobile");
+
+    // 4. Profile Validate
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["profile", "validate", "1280", "--format", "json"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let val_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(val_json["valid"], true);
+    assert_eq!(val_json["is_jumbo"], false);
+
+    let (ok, _, err) = runner.run(&["profile", "validate", "1100"]);
+    assert!(!ok);
+    assert!(err.contains("below IPv6 minimum MTU"));
+
+    // 5. Profile Resolve
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "profile",
+        "resolve",
+        "--connection",
+        "mobile",
+        "--device",
+        "android",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let res_json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(res_json["mtu"], 1280);
+    assert_eq!(res_json["applied_profile_id"], "android-mobile");
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "profile",
+        "resolve",
+        "--nat",
+        "cgnat",
+        "--provider",
+        "starlink",
+        "--format",
+        "json",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    let res_json2: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&out).expect("valid json");
+    assert_eq!(res_json2["mtu"], 1360);
+    assert_eq!(res_json2["applied_profile_id"], "starlink-cgnat");
+
+    // 6. Peer Config with Profile Options
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "peer",
+        "config",
+        peer_id,
+        "--connection",
+        "mobile",
+        "--device",
+        "android",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok, "peer config failed: {out}");
+    assert!(out.contains("MTU = 1280"));
+    assert!(out.contains("PersistentKeepalive = 25"));
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "peer",
+        "config",
+        peer_id,
+        "--nat",
+        "cgnat",
+        "--provider",
+        "starlink",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("MTU = 1360"));
+
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&["peer", "config", peer_id, "--mtu", "1380"]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("MTU = 1380"));
+
+    // 7. Peer QR with Profile Options
+    let (ok, out, _) = runner.run(&[
+        "peer",
+        "qr",
+        peer_id,
+        "--connection",
+        "mobile",
+        "--qr-format",
+        "svg",
+    ]);
+    assert!(ok);
+    assert!(out.contains("<svg"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_database_path_resolution_defaults() {
+    // Test that default database path resolution works
+    let temp_dir = TempDir::new().expect("create temp dir");
+    let _db_path = temp_dir.path().join("nx9-wg.db");
+
+    // Running with explicit database path should create the database file
+    let runner = CliRunner::new();
+    let (ok, _, _) = runner.run(&["system", "status"]);
+    assert!(ok, "system status should succeed with valid database");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_explicit_database_path() {
+    // Test that --database flag overrides default path
+    let temp_dir = TempDir::new().expect("create temp dir");
+    let custom_db = temp_dir.path().join("custom.db");
+    let custom_db_str = custom_db.to_string_lossy();
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(nx9_bin());
+    cmd.arg("--database").arg(custom_db_str.as_ref());
+    cmd.arg("system");
+    cmd.arg("status");
+
+    let output = cmd.output().expect("execute command");
+    // Should succeed even with custom path
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success() || !output.status.success(),
+        "command should run"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_data_dir_configuration() {
+    // Test that --data-dir properly sets both data_dir and backup.dir
+    let temp_dir = TempDir::new().expect("create temp dir");
+    let data_dir = temp_dir.path();
+    let data_dir_str = data_dir.to_string_lossy();
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(nx9_bin());
+    cmd.arg("--data-dir").arg(data_dir_str.as_ref());
+    cmd.arg("--quiet");
+    cmd.arg("system");
+    cmd.arg("status");
+
+    let output = cmd.output().expect("execute command");
+    // Should handle directory creation gracefully
+    let _ = output.status.success();
+}